Ama-scooters kanye nezimoto "ezifana ne-scooter".
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthandwa kwama-scooters kagesi nemisipha kunyukile, kepha izimpande zalokhu kuqanjwa zingalandelelwa emuva okungenani ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX.
♦ Ikhulu le-XIX - Ukubonakala kwesikuta kwakungahlotshaniswa nanoma yiziphi izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Isondo laziwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi kwakungenzima ukuthola ucezu lwebhodi, ngisho nalapho ubumpofu bububi. Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, izimoto zabahamba ngezinyawo zathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha phakathi kwezingane ezisemadolobheni ampofu. Ama-scooters okuqala ngomqondo wesimanje wegama avele ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX emazweni amaningana, okuhlanganisa i-England, iJalimane ne-USA. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi ngubani futhi kuphi owakha isithuthuthu sokuqala ngendlela esazi ngayo namuhla.
♦ 1817 NgoJuni 12 eMannheim, umklami nomsunguli waseJalimane uKarl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn wethula imoto yomklamo wakhe, okukhumbuza ibhayisikili (1), lapho abanye namuhla bebona isikuta sokuqala. Lokhu okusunguliwe kwakuhlukile kunenguqulo yesimanje ngoba umsebenzisi wayengakwazi ukuma, kodwa kunalokho ahlale ngokunethezeka futhi asunduze ngezinyawo zombili. Nokho, ikhasimende langaleso sikhathi alizange liwujabulele lo mklamo. Ngakho-ke umklami wathengisa imoto yakhe endalini ngamamaki angu-5 kuphela futhi wathatha amanye amaphrojekthi.
1. Pojazd Karla Freiherra Drais waseSauerbronna
♦ 1897 - UWalter Lines, umfana oneminyaka engu-XNUMX ubudala wase-UK, wenza isikuta sokuqala esimise njengamamodeli esimanje. Uyise womfana akazange anikeze ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngoba wayengalindele ukuthi ithoyizi lizothandwa. Nokho, umklamo kaWalter owabonakala ungenye yezimoto zokuqala ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zenani elithengekayo nesikhungo samandla esihambisana nemvelo. Umsunguli ngokwakhe waqala ukusebenza enkampanini kayise, kwathi, kanye nabafowabo uWilliam no-Arthur, basungula inkampani yokudlala i-Lines Bros (2).
2. Ukukhangisa kwemikhiqizo ye-Lines Bros.
♦ 1916 - Ama-autopeds avela emigwaqweni yaseNew York (3) eyakhiwe yi-The Autoped e-Long Island City. Lezi zimoto beziqinile futhi zinethezekile kune-kick scooters futhi zinenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Umklami wabo u-Arthur Hugo Cecil Gibson ubelokhu esebenza kusukela ngo-1909 enjinini elula nencane yendiza. Ngo-1915, wayesenayo imvume yobunikazi benjini engu-155cc ene-four-stroke, epholile emoyeni. cm, futhi ngemva konyaka wagunyaza imoto eyodwa engasindi ngale njini.
3. Dama jadacha oda ezimele
I-autoped yayinesiteji, amasondo angaphezu kuka-25 cm ububanzi kanye nekholomu yokuqondisa, okwenza kube lula ukuqondisa imoto nokulawula injini etholakala ngaphezu kwesondo langaphambili. Ukusunduza induku kathayi phambili kuhileleke i-clutch, kuyilapho ukuyibuyisela emuva kwakhipha i-clutch futhi yabamba ibhuleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokudonsa lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukucisha ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli enjinini. Ikholomu egoqayo kwakufanele yenze kube lula ukugcina imoto. I-autoped ithuthukise isivinini esiphezulu esingu-32 km/h. Ikakhulu ibisetshenziswa ngabasebenzi beposi kanye namaphoyisa omgwaqo. Nakuba yakhangiswa njengemoto elungele odokotela nezingane ezindala, yagcina ibiza kakhulu futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-U.S. kwaphela ngo-1921. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ukukhiqizwa kwale modeli eJalimane kwanqanyulwa.
♦ 1921 - Unjiniyela wase-Austrian. U-Karl Schuber uthuthukise injini yamasilinda amabili yama-scooters, enamandla kazibuthe, enamandla angu-1 hp. ngesivinini esingu-3 km/h. rpm Yakhelwe esondweni langaphambili, okwathi, kanye nesondo lokuqondisa kanye nethangi likaphethiloli, kwakha isikhungo samandla esiphelele sokufakwa kuma-scooters namabhayisikili e-Austro Motorette. Kodwa-ke, idrayivu ibonakale ingathembeki njengokusungulwa kuka-Arthur Gibson. Ukukhiqiza kuyekwa ngama-30s.
♦ iminyaka engu-50 – Imakethe igcwele izithuthuthu zenjini evuthayo ezinesihlalo somshayeli esinethezekile. Lapho, ngo-1953, isithombe sika-Audrey Hepburn noGregory Peck enkampanini yase-Italy i-Vespa scooter sivela kumaphosta akhangisa ifilimu i-Roman Holiday, isithakazelo ezimotweni ezingasheshi kakhulu safinyelela umvuthwandaba. Nakuba imodeli ye-Vespa evela kwifilimu yayibonakala kuphela esikrinini imizuzu embalwa, ithengise amakhophi angaphezu kuka-100. amakhophi. Konke kwabonisa ukuthi ukuphela kwesikuta kwakungasekho. Nokho, abasebenzisi abasha bathole umbono omusha ngalezi zimoto. Bakhipha izibambo ezithuthuthuni zabo bagibela ebhodini eliqondile. Le yindlela ama-prototypes we-skateboard adalwe ngayo.
4. I-Old Skateboard Makha
♦ 1963 “Abakhiqizi sebeqalile ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eqondiswe ekwandeni kwesibalo sabalandeli bomdlalo omusha wasemadolobheni we-skateboarding. Kuze kube manje, lezi bekuyimiklamo engcolile. Amabhodi e-skateboard ayesenamasondo ensimbi, okwakuwenza abe nzima futhi abe yingozi ukuwagibela. Amasondo e-Clay Composite Makha Skateboard (4) zinikeze ukuhamba okushelelayo, kodwa zaguga ngokushesha futhi zazingaphephile kakhulu ngenxa yokungahambi kahle.
♦ 1973 - Umsubathi waseMelika uFrank Nasworthy (5) amasondo enziwe ngepulasitiki - i-polyurethane, ayeshesha, ethule futhi eqinile. Ngonyaka olandelayo, uRichard Novak wathuthukisa ama-bearings. Ama-bearings avaliwe we-Road Rider amelana nokungcola okufana nesihlabathi ukuze agibele ngokushesha. Inhlanganisela yamasondo e-polyurethane ethuthukisiwe kanye nama-bearings anembayo iguqule kokubili izikuta nama-skateboard kwaba ezokuthutha zasemadolobheni ezikhangayo nezinethezekile - ezithule, ezibushelelezi nezithembekile.
5. UFrank Nasworthy nge-polyurethane rivet
♦ 1974 AbakwaHonda bethula isithuthuthu seKick 'n Go esinamasondo amathathu e-US naseJapan (6) ngedrayivu emisha. Izimoto zingathengwa kuphela ezindaweni ezithengisa lolu hlobo, futhi lo mbono wazalwa ngesidingo sokumaketha. Abaphathi bakwaHonda baqaphela ukuthi ezinganeni eziza ezinkampanini ezithengisa izimoto nabazali bazo, kufanelekile ukuba nomkhiqizo okhethekile. Umqondo weKick 'n Go uqhamuke emqhudelwaneni wangaphakathi wakwaHonda.
6 I-Kick 'n Go Scooter yeHonda
Ukugibela isikuta esinjalo kwakungekona ukuphusha phansi ngonyawo lwakho. Umsebenzisi bekumele acindezele umugqa esondweni elingemuva ngonyawo lwakhe, obeluqinisa iketango bese lwenza amasondo anyakaze. I-Kick 'n Go ikuvumele ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha kunezimoto ezaziwa ngaphambilini zohlobo olufanayo. Izinguqulo ezintathu zazitholakala: ezezingane nezimbili zentsha kanye nabantu abadala. Imodeli ngayinye yayinikezwa ngokubomvu, isiliva, ephuzi noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngenxa yedrayivu yokuqala ye-Kick 'n Go, abe yimpumelelo enkulu. Kodwa-ke, izithuthuthu zakhishwa emakethe eminyakeni emibili kamuva ngenxa yezingozi ezihilela izingane. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi zishesha kakhulu ukuba izingane zingakwazi ukundiza zodwa.
♦ 1985 - Ama-scooters e-Go-Ped aqala ukunqoba imakethe (7), ekhiqizwa inkampani encane yomndeni eCalifornia. Zinesakhiwo esindayo kanye namasondo enjoloba amakhulu okuhamba kahle. Amamodeli okuqala enziwe uSteve Patmont esenzela yena nabangane bakhe - bekufanele enze kube lula ukuhamba ngokushesha emadolobheni aminyene. Lapho umnikazi webhizinisi elincane egunyaza i-Go-Ped, cishe wayengalindele ukuthi umklamo wakhe uphumelele.
7. Enye yamamodeli we-Go-Ped scooter.
I-Patmont iguqule uhlelo lokumiswa nge-Cantilever Independent Dynamic Linkless Suspension (CIDLI) enelungelo lobunikazi. Lolu hlelo olulula nolusebenza kahle kakhulu lokumiswa olunezingalo zokushwiba kanye nokumiswa okunamandla okuzimele okunama- wishbones angaphambili nangemuva aqinisekisa ukunethezeka okuphezulu kokushayela. Umklami uphinde wanakekela ifreyimu eqinile futhi engasindi, eyayenziwe ngensimbi ye-carbon-grade yendiza. Amamodeli enjini evuthayo ayetholakala ekuqaleni, kodwa kusukela ngo-2003 sekukhona amamodeli okushayela kagesi athule futhi ahambisana nemvelo, afakwe injini ye-DC ebhulashiwe eneradiyetha eyi-Electro Head ene-finned ekwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-20 km/h.
♦ iminyaka engu-90 – Unjiniyela Wemishini u-Gino Tsai (8) wethula isithuthuthu seRazor. Njengoba achaza kamuva, wayejahile yonke indawo, ngakho wanquma ukuthuthukisa isikuta esilula esisebenza ngonyawo ukuze sikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha. I-Razor yakhiwe nge-aluminium yezinga lendiza enamasondo e-polyurethane kanye nesibambo esigoqekayo. Into entsha kwakuyiphiko elingemuva, lapho unyathela isondo elingemuva ebelibhulekiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikuta sasinentengo ekhangayo, eyongayo. Ngo-2000 kuphela, kwathengiswa amaRazor ayisigidi. Ngo-2003, inkampani yanikeza amakhasimende isithuthuthu sayo sikagesi.
8. I-Jino Tsai nge-Razor scooter
♦ 1994 – Umsubathi waseFinland uHannu Vierikko uklama isikuta obekufanele sifane nomklamo webhayisikili. ibhayisikili (9) empeleni lalibukeka njengebhayisikili, elinye isondo elikhulu nelinye elincane kancane, futhi linesitebhisi somgibeli webhayisikili esikhundleni samaphedali neketango. Ekuqaleni, bekufanele kwenze ukuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo kube lula - ngaphandle kobuhlungu obuhlangene futhi ngokuphumelelayo kunokugibela ibhayisikili. Nokho, kuvele ukuthi imoto iyimpumelelo enkulu emakethe yomhlaba. Izithuthuthu zikaHannu Vierikko ziwina imijaho yasehlobo nobusika futhi uhlobo lweKickbike luthengisa izingcezu ezi-5. lezi zimoto minyaka yonke.
♦ 2001 - Segway Premiere (10), uhlobo olusha lwemoto enesihlalo esisodwa eyasungulwa uDean Kamen waseMelika. Ukubonakala kwale moto kwamenyezelwa kakhulu ngabezindaba, futhi lo msebenzi wanconywa nguSteve Jobs, Jeff Bezos noJohn Doerr. I-Segway iwumbono omusha wemoto yasemadolobheni esheshayo nevumelana nemvelo enobunzima obungenakuqhathaniswa nesikuta sakudala. Bekuyimoto kagesi yokuqala enamasondo amabili ezilinganisa ngobuchwepheshe bokuzinza obunelungelo lobunikazi. Enguqulweni yayo eyisisekelo, iqukethe isethi yezinzwa, isistimu yokulawula, kanye nesistimu yenjini. Isistimu yezinzwa eyinhloko iqukethe ama-gyroscopes. I-gyroscope evamile ingaba nzima futhi kube nzima ukuyigcina kulolu hlobo lwemoto, ngakho-ke kwasetshenziswa inzwa ekhethekile yezinga le-silicon angular rate.
Lolu hlobo lwe-gyroscope luthola ukuzungezisa kwento kusetshenziswa umphumela we-Coriolis osetshenziswa esikalini esincane kakhulu. Ukwengeza, kwafakwa izinzwa ezimbili ezinyakazayo, zagcwala uketshezi lwe-electrolyte. Uhlelo lwe-gyroscopic luphakela ulwazi kukhompuyutha, amabhodi esekethe amabili esilawuli se-elekthronikhi esiqukethe iqoqo le-microprocessor eliqapha lonke ulwazi lokuzinza futhi lilungise isivinini samamotho kagesi amaningana ngokufanele. Amamotho kagesi, anikwa amandla yipheya le-nickel-metal hydride noma amabhethri e-lithium-ion, angakwazi ukuphenduka ngokuzimela isondo ngalinye ngesivinini esihlukile. Ngeshwa, izimoto azitholanga ukunakwa okufanele kubasebenzisi. Kakade ngo-2002, ukuthengiswa kwamayunithi okungenani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50, kuyilapho abangu-6 kuphela bathola abanikazi abasha. izimoto, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaphoyisa, abasebenzi basezindaweni zamasosha, amabhizinisi ezimboni kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla. Nokho, umklamo owethulwe ubonakale uyingqopha-mlando, uvula indlela yegagasi lezimoto ezizilinganisayo esezivele zithatha izintambo kule minyaka eyishumi, njengama-hoverboard noma ama-unicycle.
♦ 2005 - Inkathi yama-scooters kagesi yesimanje iyaqala. Amamodeli we-EVO Powerboards athole ukuduma kokuqala. Umkhiqizi wethule uhlelo olusha lwe-two-speed drive. U-gearbox uhlanganisa ukuthembeka namandla egiya lokushayela nokuguquguquka kwe-two-speed drive.
♦ 2008 - U-Swiss Wim Obother, umsunguli nomklami we-Micro Mobility Systems, udala i-Micro Luggage II, isikuta esixhunywe kupotimende. Ipotimende eliqukethe konke okudingayo lingagcinwa, isibonelo, endaweni yemithwalo yendiza. Ungayidonsa ngamasondo, kodwa kuthatha umnyakazo owodwa kuphela ukuvula isikuta futhi uyogijima nomthwalo wakho. Isizathu sokwakhiwa kwayo ubuvila - kuthiwa i-Ouboter yayikude kakhulu nesitolo samasemishi ukuthi ingaya khona, kodwa iseduze kakhulu ukuthi ingadumisa imoto noma ikhiphe ibhayisikili egaraji. Wayebheka isikuta njengendlela yokuthutha engcono kakhulu. Lo mbono waziswa futhi ngo-2010 wathola indondo emncintiswaneni wokuklama wamazwe ngamazwe "Indondo Yokuklama Ichashazi Elibomvu".
♦ 2009 I-Go-Ped yethula isikuta sayo sokuqala esinamandla agcwele e-propane, i-GSR Pro-Ped. Yayinikwa amandla yinjini ye-propane engu-25cc3 LEHR 21-stroke. Imoto ingafinyelela isivinini esifika ku-XNUMX km/h kanti isikhathi esiphezulu sokushayela ihora elilodwa. Ubuchwepheshe benjini ye-propane ye-LEHR buwine i-EPA Air Protection Award.
♦ 2009 - I-Razor yethula isikuta samahhala. I-PowerWing (11) ifana nesithuthuthu, kodwa idinga umgibeli ukuthi alinganise umzimba wakhe, njengokushova nge-skateboard. Le moto enamasondo amathathu isuka ngapha nangapha, itshibilikela emaceleni futhi ijika ku-360 degrees. Amasondo amabili e-camber akuvumela ukuthi ujike, ukhukhule futhi usheshise ngaphandle kokuphusha phansi.
♦ 2011 – U-Andrzej Sobolevski waseToruń nomndeni wakhe bakha iTorqway, inkundla yokufunda ukugibela. Umndeni wakwaSobolevsky awuzange ufihle ukuthi ujabule ngeSegway, kodwa intengo yavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuthenga. Ngakho-ke bazakhela futhi banelungelo lobunikazi bemoto yabo. I-Torqway ifana ne-Segway, kodwa ukugibela le nkundla kuwukuzivocavoca umzimba. Idizayini inyakaza ngenxa yezici ezimbili ezinyakazisa amandla emisipha yezandla. Le ndlela entsha yokushayela ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule ukunyakaza kwe-lever e-oscillating ibe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwamasondo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla okungadingekile (okubizwa ngokuthi i-idling kuyaqedwa). Idrayivu kagesi eyengeziwe ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise izinga lamandla kulokho okuthandwa ngumsebenzisi ngenxa yezindlela ezintathu zokushayela. Ukuzinza kwesikhulumi akuhlinzekwa ngama-gyroscopes, kodwa ngamasondo angeziwe, amancane. I-Torqway ikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esingu-12 km/h.
♦ 2018 - I-Premiere yesithuthuthu sikagesi esisheshayo - i-NanRobot D4+. Ifakwe amamotho amabili angu-1000W kanye nebhethri ye-lithium-ion engu-52V 23Ah. Lolu hlelo olunamandla luvumela ijubane eliphezulu elicishe libe ngu-65 km/h nebanga elikhulu elingaphezu kuka-70 km. Izinhlobo ezimbili zejubane i-Eco neTurbo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ijubane lihambisana nezimo nekhono lomshayeli.
