Uhlelo lwe-THAAD

Umsebenzi ku-THAAD waqala ngo-1987, ugxile ekuholeni okushisayo, izixazululo zokupholisa, kanye nesivinini sohlelo. Isithombe se-MDA

I-Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) iwuhlelo lokuvikela imicibisholo oluyingxenye yohlelo oludidiyelwe olwaziwa nge-Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). I-THAAD iwuhlelo lweselula olungathuthwa noma kuphi emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi, uma selusetshenzisiwe, lusetshenziswa ngokushesha ngokumelene nezinsongo ezivelayo.

I-THAAD iyimpendulo yosongo olubangelwa ukuhlasela kwemicibisholo ye-ballistic ngezikhali zokucekela phansi okukhulu. Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-anti-missile complex ukucekela phansi umcibisholo wesitha we-ballistic ngenxa yamandla e-kinetic atholakala lapho usondela lapho kuhloswe khona (hit-to-kill). Ukucekelwa phansi kwamakhanda empi ngezikhali zokucekela phansi inqwaba ezindaweni eziphakeme kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bezindawo ezihloselwe zona.

Umsebenzi we-THAAD anti-missile system waqala ngo-1987, izindawo ezibalulekile kwakuyi-homing infrared warhead yethagethi, isivinini sohlelo lokulawula kanye nezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe zokupholisa. Isici sokugcina sibalulekile ngenxa yejubane eliphezulu le-projectile ezayo kanye nendlela ye-kinetic yokushaya okuqondiwe - i-homing warhead kufanele igcine ukunemba okuphezulu kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina wokundiza. Isici esibalulekile esihlukanisayo sohlelo lwe-THAAD kwaba ikhono lokubhekana nemicibisholo ye-ballistic emkhathini woMhlaba nangale kwayo.

Ngo-1992, kwasayinwa inkontileka yezinyanga ezingama-48 ne-Lockheed ngesigaba sokubonisa. Ekuqaleni, iButho Lezempi Lase-US lalifuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuvikela imicibisholo olunamandla amancane futhi lokhu kwakulindeleke ukuthi kuzuzwe phakathi neminyaka emi-5. Khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwakufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yamabhulokhi. Imizamo yokuqala ehlulekile yaholela ekubambezelekeni kohlelo, futhi isisekelo asizange sithuthukiswe kwaze kwaba yiminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kamuva. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyinani elilinganiselwe lokuhlola futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amaphutha amaningi esistimu atholwe kuphela phakathi nokuhlolwa kwawo okungokoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekunesikhathi esincane kakhulu esisele sokuhlaziya idatha ngemva kwemizamo engaphumelelanga nokwenza izinguquko ezingaba khona ohlelweni. Isidingo esikhulu sokuyisebenzisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka siholele ekungahlonyisweni okwanele kwemicibisholo ecitshwayo yokuqala ngemishini yokulinganisa efanele, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqoqa inani elifanele ledatha elidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo ngendlela efanele. Inkontileka iphinde yahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi ingozi yokwenyuka kwezindleko ngenxa yohlelo lokuhlolwa kwehle kakhulu ohlangothini lomphakathi ngenxa yendlela yonke into ebixhaswe ngayo.

Ngemva kokuhlonza izinkinga, kwaqalwa omunye umsebenzi, futhi ngemva kokuba imicibisholo ye-interceptor ye-10 neye-11 ifinyelele umgomo, kwanqunywa ukuthi lolu hlelo luyiswe esigabeni esilandelayo sentuthuko, esenzeka ngo-2000. Ngo-2003, kwaba nokuqhuma ezitshalweni ezikhiqiza i-m.v. kuhlelo lwe-THAAD, okuholela ekubambezelekeni okwengeziwe ohlelweni. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka wezimali ka-2005 wayesesimweni esihle ngesikhathi nangesabelomali. Ngo-2004, igama lohlelo lashintshwa lisuka ku-"Defense of the High Mountain Zone of the Theatre of Operations" laba "Defense of the Terminal High Mountain Zone".

Ku-2006-2012, uchungechunge lwezivivinyo eziphumelelayo zalo lonke uhlelo lwenziwa, futhi izimo lapho okuhlosiwe kungadutshulwanga phansi noma ukuhlolwa kwaphazamiseka kwakungabangelwa ukukhubazeka ohlelweni lwe-THAAD, ngakho-ke lonke uhlelo luziqhayisa ngokusebenza kwe-100%. ekuvimbeni imicibisholo ye-ballistic. Izimo ezisetshenzisiwe zihlanganisa ukulwa nemicibisholo ye-ballistic yebanga elifushane kanye nebanga eliphakathi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlasela okunciphisa inani elikhulu lemicibisholo ecitshwayo. Ngaphezu kokudubula, ezinye izivivinyo ezengeziwe zenziwa kusendlalelo sesofthiwe ngokunikeza isistimu idatha efanele elingisa isethi yokuqagela yokuhlolwa okunikeziwe, nokuhlola ukuthi yonke into ingakusingatha kanjani ezimweni ezithile. Ngale ndlela, umzamo wokuxosha ukuhlasela ngomcibisholo we-ballistic onezinhloko zempi ezimbalwa, ukuqondisa komuntu ngamunye.