Lavochkin La-5

I-fighter enesihlalo esisodwa u-La-5 phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yezwe.

I-Soviet single-engine-seat fighter i-La-5 ye-Great Patriotic War yathuthukiswa ehhovisi lokuklama lika-Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin njengendlela yokuthuthukisa futhi elandela i-LaGG-3, i-fighter yokhuni efakwe uketshezi olupholile olumise okwe-M. injini. 105 injini emgqeni. Indiza entsha ihluke enguqulweni yangaphambilini ikakhulukazi kunjini entsha ye-M-82 radial.

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-Great Patriotic War, inkinga enkulu yama-fighters aseSoviet kwaba ukungabi khona kwezinjini ezifanele kanye nezinga elibi lokukhiqiza kwabo. Amandla anganele wezinhlelo ze-propulsion ezitholakalayo awazange avumele ukuthola izici ezidingekayo - indiza ephezulu kanye nesivinini sokukhuphuka esidingekayo ukuze kusungulwe ukulwa okulinganayo nesitha. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka kushiwo okwengeziwe mayelana izinjini pre-impi Soviet ngokwabo.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo-20, imboni yenjini yezindiza zaseSoviet yathuthuka kancane kakhulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, injini eyodwa kuphela ephumelele ngempela yaklanywa futhi kwakuyinkanyezi i-M-11 M-1892 ka-Arkady Dmitrievich Shevchenov (1953-4), eyakhiwa endaweni yokutshala No. 1924 (eyasungulwa yinkampani yaseFrance iSalmson ngaphambi Komhlaba Wonke War). ngiseMoscow. Kusukela ngo-1921, u-A. D. Shvetsov, owathweswa iziqu eMoscow State Technical School ngo-11, waba unjiniyela omkhulu walesi sikhungo. I-Five-cylinder M-100 enamandla angu-2 hp Yayihloselwe ukuqeqesha izindiza futhi yaziwa kakhulu "ngombila" we-Po-1930 (le njini yakhiqizwa e-USSR ngo-1952-XNUMX).

Injini yokuqala yamandla aphezulu yaseSoviet yayiyi-M-34, eyasungulwa ngu-Alexander Alekseevich Mikulin (1895-1985), umzukulu we-aerodynamicist edumile uNikolai Evgenievich Zhukovsky. Nakuba engakaze athole iziqu e-Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, ephazanyiswa ukugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngo-1923 waba umsizi wocwaningo e-Automobile and Engine Research Institute eMoscow, lapho aba khona umklami wenjini yezindiza eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Lapha ngo-1928 waqala ukusebenza ngenjini engu-V enamasilinda angu-12 epholile ngamanzi. Ngo-1930, wathuthela nephrojekthi yakhe ku-Institute of Aircraft Engines (kamuva i-Central Institute of Aircraft Engines), nayo eyayiseMoscow, eduze ne-Motor Plant No. 4. Injini ye-M-34 ihlolwe i-dynamometer 1932. nginikeze amandla okusuka angu-45,8 hp. Isiqalo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-M-800 kwakuyinjini yaseJalimane i-BMW VI, eyakhiqizwa e-USSR njenge-M-34, kodwa-ke, yayinevolumu enkulu ilitha ngalinye ngenxa ye-piston stroke enkulu emgqeni wesokunxele. ekusetshenzisweni kwezinduku eziyinhloko zokuxhuma emgqeni owodwa kanye nezinduku zokuxhuma eziqhutshwa ngendlela ehlukile. I-M-17 yayinezinduku zokuxhuma ezifanayo kanye ne-piston stroke efanayo kuyo yomibili imigqa. Kusetshenziswe izinduku zokuxhuma i-M-34 (BMW VI) kumodeli elandelayo ye-AM-17 (35 hp), ukufuduka kwayo kwanda kwafinyelela ku-1200 amalitha, kanti ibhange lesobunxele lamasilinda liphinde laba ne-stroke ende kunomugqa ongakwesokudla. Le njini enguqulweni yokukhiqiza ye-AM-36,8A ikhiqize i-35 hp. Kufanele kugcizelelwe lapha ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-M-1350, injini yokuqala yendiza enamandla yaseSoviet eyimpumelelo, kwaletha ukuqashelwa ku-A.A. Mikulin, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izinjini zakhe zaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i-AM-34, ngemuva kokuqala kwayo, futhi hhayi i-M ejwayelekile evela enjinini. I-AM-34A, ekhiqizwa esitshalweni No. 35 eMoscow (eyakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo zenjini No. 24 no-2, kokubili eMoscow) yayisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kuma-MiG-4 fighters (nakumabhomu asindayo e-Pe-3 ), kanye nenguqulo yayo enejubane elikhuphukile, isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela, kodwa ijubane eliphansi le-compressor kanye nengcindezi ephansi ye-boost (8 esikhundleni sika-1,4 atm), ebizwa ngokuthi i-AM-1,9, yakhiqizelwa indiza yokuhlasela i-Il-38 (igxile ekwandiseni indiza ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini zalolu hlobo nokuthuthukiswa kwemingcele, ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli ye-AM-2 enamandla amakhulu angu-37 hp, okuhloselwe ama-fighters e-MiG-1500 kanye namabhomu angaphambili e-Tu-7, kwanqanyulwa). Ekupheleni kwempi, injini enamandla nakakhulu ye-AM-2 yafakwa ekukhiqizeni, eyasetshenziswa ekuhlaseleni indiza ye-Il-42.

Zonke ezinye izinjini zezindiza ze-serial zaseSoviet zenkathi yangaphambi kwempi zakhiqizwa ngokuqondile ezinjinini zakwamanye amazwe okwathengwa kuzo amalayisense. Ngo-1933, kwanqunywa ukuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuthuthukiswa kwemiklamo yabo ngo-1930-1932. (akumangalisi ukuthi, baqala ekuqaleni) ukuthenga amalayisense ezinjini ezihambisanayo phesheya ukuze bangayeki ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza. Enye yamalayisense atholakala ngaleso sikhathi kwakungeyenjini yesiFulentshi i-Hispano-Suiza 12Y, ezinguqulweni ze-brs zamabhomu nama-crs ama-fighters (okwakamuva kwashintshwa ukuze kufakwe inganono enjinini, edubula ku-shaft gearbox phakathi nendawo. yehabhu le-propeller). Bekuyinjini eyi-12-cylinder emise okwe-V, kodwa incane futhi ilula kunomklamo ka-A. A. Mikulin. Injini kumodeli base ikhiqize amandla okuqala angu-860 hp. I-Plant No. 26 e-Rybinsko yayihloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial. Izinjini ze-M-100 zazisetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhomu angaphambili e-SB. Ngokushesha kwavela inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-M-103, eyasungulwa ngaphansi kobuholi bukaVladimir Yurevich Klimov, ngenani elikhulayo lokucindezela kanye nesivinini, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa amandla ku-960 hp. Injini yafakwa ezinguqulweni ezalandela zebhomu le-SB kanye nebhomu lebutho le-Yak-2. Ngo-1940, ukukhiqizwa e-Rybinsk, kwathi emafektri No. 16 eVoronezh naseNo. izinto ezingcono. zasetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela nezinye izinguquko eziningi. Injini yathuthukisa amandla okusuka angu-27, futhi inguqulo yakamuva yokukhiqiza ye-M-105PF-1100 yayinamandla angu-105 hp. Ngo-2, ekuhlonipheni ukufaneleka V. J. Klimov, wanikezwa ilungelo lokumaka izinjini zakhe ngamagama okuqala athi "WK", futhi injini ye-M-1360 (WK-1944) yaba injini enkulu kunazo zonke zaseSoviet eMpini Yezwe II. - ngo-105, amayunithi angama-105 akhiqizwa ezimbonini ezintathu. Ngo-Okthoba 1947, i-Plant No. 75 esuka eVoronezh yasuswa yayiswa e-Ufa, kwathi i-Plant No. cishe wonke ama-Yak-250 fighters , Yak-1941, Yak-16, Yak-26), kanye nama-fighters ase-LaGG-27 asevele eshiwo kanye namabhomu e-dive e-Pe-1.