Isistimu ye-EGR

Uhlelo lwe-Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) lwathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lemvelo lenjini yemoto. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-nitrogen oxides kumagesi okukhipha umoya. Lezi zokugcina azisuswanga ngokwanele ngabaguquli be-catalytic futhi, njengoba ziyizingxenye ezinobuthi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamagesi okukhipha umoya, ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezengeziwe nobuchwepheshe kuyadingeka.

Indlela uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenza ngayo

I-EGR isifinyezo segama lesiNgisi elithi "Exhaust Gas Recirculation", elihumusha ngokuthi "i-exhaust gas recirculation". Umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo olunjalo ukuphambukisa ingxenye yamagesi ukusuka ku-exhaust manifold kuya ku-multifold intake. Ukwakheka kwama-nitrogen oxides kuhambisana ngokuqondile nezinga lokushisa ekamelweni elivuthayo lenjini. Lapho amagesi okukhipha igesi aphuma ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya engena ohlelweni lokuthatha, ukuhlushwa kwe-oksijeni, okusebenza njenge-catalyst ngesikhathi senqubo yomlilo, kunciphisa. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni elivuthayo liyancipha futhi iphesenti lokubunjwa kwe-nitrogen oxide liyancipha.

Uhlelo lwe-EGR lusetshenziselwa izinjini zikadizili nezikaphethiloli. Okuhlukile kuphela izimoto zikaphethiloli ezine-turbocharged, lapho ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela kabusha kungasebenzi ngenxa yemininingwane yemodi yokusebenza kwenjini. Ngokuvamile, ubuchwepheshe be-EGR bunganciphisa ukugxila kwe-nitrogen oxide kuze kufike ku-50%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuba okuqhunyiswa ancishisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuba ukonga kakhulu (cishe ama-3%), futhi izimoto zikadizili zibonakala ngokuncipha kwenani le-soot kumagesi aphumayo.

Inhliziyo yesistimu ye-EGR ivalvu yokujikeleza kabusha, elawula ukugeleza kwamagesi e-exhaust ku-multifolded. Isebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi ingaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu. Ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa okuphoqelekile kungadalwa, okudinga i-radiator (epholile) efakwe phakathi kwesistimu yokukhipha kanye ne-valve. Iyingxenye yesistimu yokupholisa imoto iyonke.

Ezinjinini zikadizili, i-valve ye-EGR ivula ngokungenzi lutho. Kulokhu, amagesi akhipha umoya enza u-50% womoya ongena emakamelweni omlilo. Njengoba umthwalo ukhula, i-valve ivala kancane kancane. Enjinini kaphethiloli, uhlelo lokujikeleza luvame ukusebenza kuphela ngesivinini esiphakathi nendawo nesiphansi futhi luletha kufika ku-10% wamagesi okukhipha igesi kumthamo womoya ophelele.

Ayini ama-valve e-EGR

Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-valve e-exhaust recirculation, ahluke ngohlobo lwe-actuator:

• I-pneumatic. I-actuator elula kunazo zonke, kodwa esivele isiphelelwe yisikhathi yesistimu ye-exhaust gas recirculation. Eqinisweni, umphumela ku-valve wenziwa nge-vacuum ku-multiple intake yemoto.
• I-Electropneumatic. I-valve ye-EGR ye-pneumatic ilawulwa i-valve ye-solenoid, esebenza kusukela kumasiginali asuka ku-ECU yenjini ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kuzinzwa eziningana (i-exhaust gas pressure kanye nezinga lokushisa, indawo ye-valve, ingcindezi yokungena kanye nezinga lokushisa elipholile). Ixhuma futhi inqamule umthombo we-vacuum futhi idale izindawo ezimbili kuphela ze-valve ye-EGR. Ngokulandelayo, i-vacuum ohlelweni olunjalo ingadalwa yiphampu ye-vacuum ehlukile.
• Ngogesi. Lolu hlobo lwe-valve yokubuyisela kabusha lulawulwa ngokuqondile injini yemoto i-ECU. Inezindawo ezintathu zokulawula ukugeleza kwe-exhaust okushelelayo. Indawo ye-valve ye-EGR ishintshwa ngozibuthe abavula futhi bavale ngezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene. Lolu hlelo alusebenzisi i-vacuum.

Izinhlobo ze-EGR enjinini kadizili

Injini ye-diesel isebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-exhaust gas recirculation systems, ukumbozwa kwayo kunqunywa izindinganiso zemvelo zemoto. Kunezintathu zazo okwamanje:

• Ingcindezi ephezulu (ihambisana ne-Euro 4). I-valve ye-recirculation ixhuma imbobo yokukhipha umoya, efakwe phambi kwe-turbocharger, ngqo ku-multifold intake. Lo mjikelezo usebenzisa idrayivu ye-electro-pneumatic. Lapho i-throttle ivaliwe, ukucindezela okuphindaphindiwe kuyancishiswa, okuholela ku-vacuum ephakeme. Lokhu kudala ukwanda kokugeleza kwamagesi e-exhaust. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga le-boost liyancishiswa ngoba amagesi akhipha umoya omncane afakwa ku-turbine. Ku-throttle evulekile ebanzi, i-exhaust gas recirculation system ayisebenzi.
• Ingcindezi ephansi (ihambisana ne-Euro 5). Kulolu hlelo, i-valve ixhunywe ohlelweni lwe-exhaust endaweni ephakathi kwesihlungi se-particle kanye ne-muffler, futhi ohlelweni lokuthatha - phambi kwe-turbocharger. Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela, izinga lokushisa lamagesi aphumayo liyancishiswa, futhi nawo ahlanzwa ukungcola kwe-soot. Kulesi simo, uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lokucindezela okuphezulu, ukucindezela kwenziwa ngomthamo ogcwele, njengoba wonke ukugeleza kwegesi kudlula ku-turbine.
• Kuhlanganisiwe (ihambisana ne-Euro 6). Kuyinhlanganisela yamasekhethi omfutho ophakeme nophansi, ngalinye linama-valve alo okubuyisela kabusha. Kwimodi evamile, lesi sifunda sisebenza esiteshini sokucindezela okuphansi, futhi isiteshi sokuvuselela ingcindezi ephezulu sixhunywe lapho umthwalo ukhula.

Ngokwesilinganiso, i-valve ye-exhaust gas recirculation ihlala ku-100 km, ngemuva kwalokho ingakwazi ukuvala futhi ihluleke. Ezimweni eziningi, abashayeli abangazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe bavele bazisuse ngokuphelele.