I-muffler yemoto isebenza kanjani, siyini isimiso sokusebenza esisekelwe kuso

I-muffler yemoto yenzelwe ukunciphisa umsindo wokukhipha umoya ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya ngokuhambisana namazinga omhlaba. Leli cala lensimbi, ngaphakathi lapho kwenziwa ukuhlukaniswa kanye namakamelo, okwenza iziteshi ezinemizila eyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho amagesi akhipha umoya ephuma kulolu cingo, ukudlidliza komsindo kwamafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene kuyamuncwa futhi kuguqulelwe ekubeni amandla okushisa.

Inhloso eyinhloko ye-muffler ohlelweni lwe-exhaust

Ohlelweni lwe-exhaust yenjini, i-muffler ifakwa ngemuva kwesiguquli se-catalytic (yezimoto zikaphethiloli) noma isihlungi sezinhlayiya (ngezinjini zikadizili). Ezimweni eziningi kukhona ezimbili:

• I-preliminary (i-muffler-resonator) - iklanyelwe ukucindezela ngokucijile umsindo kanye nokuzinzisa ukushintshashintsha kokugeleza kwamagesi e-exhaust endaweni yokukhipha injini. Ifakwe kuqala, yingakho ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ngaphambili". Omunye wemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukusatshalaliswa kwamagesi okukhipha umoya ohlelweni.
• Isithulisi Esiyinhloko - Idizayinelwe ukunciphisa umsindo omkhulu.

Empeleni, idivayisi ye-muffler yemoto inikeza izinguquko ezilandelayo ukunciphisa umsindo wokuqeda:

• Ukushintsha ingxenye yesiphambano sokugeleza kwe-exhaust. Kwenziwa ngenxa yobukhona ekwakhiweni kwamakamelo ezigaba ezahlukahlukene, okuvumela ukuthi ubambe umsindo we-high-frequency. Isimiso sobuchwepheshe silula: okokuqala, ukugeleza kweselula kwamagesi okukhipha igesi kuyancipha, okwenza kube nokuphikiswa okuthile komsindo, bese kwanda kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho amagagasi omsindo ahlakazeka.
• Ukuqondisa kabusha kuphelelwa amandla. Kwenziwa ngama-partitions kanye nokususwa kwe-axis yamashubhu. Ngokuzungezisa ukugeleza kwegesi ye-exhaust nge-engeli engu-90 degrees noma ngaphezulu, umsindo we-high-frequency uyathobeka.
• Ukushintsha kwegesi oscillations (ukuphazamiseka kwamaza omsindo). Lokhu kutholakala ngokuba khona kwe-perforations emapayipini lapho i-exhaust idlula khona. Lobu buchwepheshe bukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe umsindo wamafrikhwensi ahlukene.
• "Autoabsorption" yamaza omsindo ku-resonator ye-Helmholtz.
• Ukumuncwa kwamagagasi omsindo. Ngaphezu kwamakamelo nokubhoboza, umzimba we-muffler uqukethe izinto ezimunca umsindo zokuhlukanisa umsindo.

Izinhlobo zama-mufflers nemiklamo yawo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-muffler ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje: ezinomsindo kanye ne-straight-through. Zombili zingafakwa kanye ne-resonator (pre-muffler). Kwezinye izimo, ukuklama okuqondile kungase kuthathe indawo ye-muffler yangaphambili.

Umklamo we-resonator

Ngokwesakhiwo, i-muffler resonator, ebizwa nangokuthi i-flame arrester, iyishubhu elinezimbobo elisendaweni evaliwe, ehlukaniswe ngamakamelo amaningana. Iqukethe izici ezilandelayo:

• umzimba we-cylindrical;
• ungqimba lwe-thermal insulation;
• ukwahlukanisa okuyimpumputhe;
• ipayipi elinezimbobo;
• mpintsha.

Idivayisi yesithulisi esinomsindo

Ngokungafani ne-preliminary, i-muffler eyinhloko ye-resonant iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Iqukethe amapayipi amaningana anezimbobo afakwe emzimbeni ofanayo, ahlukaniswe ngama-partitions futhi atholakala kuma-ax ahlukene:

• ithubhu yangaphambili enezimbobo;
• ithubhu elingemuva elinezimbobo;
• ipayipi lokungena;
• ukudideka kwangaphambili;
• ukwahlukanisa okuphakathi;
• ukudideka emuva;
• ipayipi lokukhipha;
• umzimba oval.

Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo zokuguqulwa kwamaza omsindo amaza ahlukene asetshenziswa kusithulisi esizwakalayo.

Izici ze-muffler eqondile

Ububi obuyinhloko be-muffler enomsindo umphumela wengcindezi yangemuva obangelwa ukuqondiswa kabusha kokugeleza kwegesi ephumayo (uma ishayisana nama-baffles). Kulokhu, abashayeli abaningi benza ukulungiswa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya ngokufaka i-muffler eqondile.

Ngokwesakhiwo, i-muffler eqondile iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• i-hermetic case;
• ipayipi yokukhipha kanye nepayipi;
• ipayipi elinezimbobo;
• impahla yokuvikela umsindo - i-fiberglass esetshenziswa kakhulu imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi inezici ezinhle zokumunca umsindo.

Ekusebenzeni, isithulisi sokugeleza okuqondile sisebenza ngokuvumelana nesimiso esilandelayo: ipayipi ene-perforated idlula kuwo wonke amagumbi. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukucindezelwa komsindo ngokushintsha isiqondiso kanye nesigaba sesiphambano sokugeleza kwegesi, futhi ukucindezelwa komsindo kutholakala kuphela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka nokumuncwa.

Ngenxa yokugeleza kwamahhala kwamagesi okukhipha igesi ngokusebenzisa i-muffler yokugeleza phambili, ukucindezela emuva okuwumphumela kuphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, lokhu akuvumeli ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla (3% - 7%). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsindo wemoto uba isici semoto yezemidlalo, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuvimbela umsindo bucindezela kuphela amaza aphezulu.

Ukunethezeka komshayeli, abagibeli nabahamba ngezinyawo kuncike ekusebenzeni kwe-muffler. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, ukwanda komsindo kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Namuhla, ukufakwa kwe-muffler egeleza ngokuqondile ekwakhiweni kwemoto ehamba endaweni yasemadolobheni kuyicala lokuphatha elisongela inhlawulo kanye nomyalelo wokuhlakaza idivayisi. Lokhu kungenxa yokweqisa kwezindinganiso zomsindo ezisungulwe amazinga.