I-Common Rail System ezinjinini zikadizili - ukuhlola isimiso sokusebenza

Ngo-1936, injini ye-diesel yavela okokuqala emotweni yokukhiqiza iMercedes-Benz. Manje izinjini zesimanje zikadizili zinomklamo ohluke ngokuphelele, futhi iCommon Rail inesibopho somsebenzi wazo. Kuyini lokhu? Lena indlela yokuhlinzeka idrayivu ngophethiloli. Ngokungafani nezinjini zikaphethiloli, izinjini zikadizili sekuyisikhathi eside zisekelwe ekujovweni okuqondile kukaphethiloli wedizili endaweni evuthayo. I-Common Rail ingenye yemiklamo yakamuva kanye nengqopha-mlando ekuthuthukisweni kwezinjini zokuthungela ngokucindezela. Isebenza kanjani? Funda isihloko sethu!

Uhlelo lomjovo wedizili - umlando wokuthuthuka

Kumayunithi okushisa okucindezela okuqala, uphethiloli wawujovwa kusilinda kanye nomoya. Ama-air compressor abenesibopho salokhu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaphampu kaphethiloli anomfutho ophakeme athuthukisiwe futhi anembe kakhudlwana futhi asebenza kahle, futhi amakamelo angaphambi komjovo ongaqondile asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini zezimoto. Ezinye izixazululo: 

• ama-nozzles entwasahlobo;
• iphampu yomjovo;
• ama-piezo injections;
• imibhobho ye-electromagnetic;
• Isistimu yesibaseli sebhethri.

Embhalweni, yiqiniso, sizokhuluma ngokugcina kwabo, i.e. mayelana nohlelo lwe-Common Rail.

Injini ye-diesel enepompo yomjovo - isimiso sokusebenza kwesistimu

Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthungela ezinjinini ze-diesel kwenzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu futhi akudingi inhlansi yangaphandle, njengoba kunjalo ngezinjini zikaphethiloli. Isilinganiso sokucindezela esiphezulu kakhulu siyimfuneko, futhi uphethiloli kufanele unikezwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Iphampu yomjovo ingahlukaniswa izigaba ukuze inikeze uphethiloli kusilinda esithile. Esebenzisa i-piston yokusabalalisa, ukhiqize umthamo osakazwa ekhanda ngemigqa ehlukene kaphethiloli.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa injini ye-diesel

Kungani abasebenzisi bethanda amayunithi edizili? Okokuqala, lezi zinjini zinikeza isiko elihle kakhulu lokusebenza ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kukaphethiloli (uma kuqhathaniswa namayunithi okuthungela inhlansi). Angase angafinyeleli amandla anjalo amangalisayo, kodwa akhiqiza i-torque ephezulu. Iqala kakade ngesivinini esiphansi senjini, ngakho-ke kuyenzeka ukugcina amayunithi kulezi zingxenye ezingezansi zohla lwe-rev. Izinjini ezijwayelekile zikaloliwe nezinye izinhlobo zokujova udizili nazo zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

I-Common Rail System - ihluke kanjani kokwandulelayo?

Ezinjinini zikadizili ezisetshenziswa kuze kube manje, ama-injection asebenza ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwephampu yomjovo. Okunye okuhlukile bekungama-pump injectors, ahlanganiswe namapiston anesibopho sokudala umfutho kaphethiloli. Umjovo wesitimela ojwayelekile usebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi usebenzisa ujantshi obizwa ngokuthi ujantshi. Kuyo, uphethiloli unqwabelana ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-2000 bar), futhi umjovo uvela ngemuva kokuthola isignali kagesi efakwe ku-nozzle.

I-Common Rail - iyini injini?

Ingabe umjikelezo onjalo wokujova uphethiloli egumbini elivuthayo unawo yini umphumela ekushayeleni? Inzuzo ivela ekwenyukeni komfutho kaphethiloli ofakwa kusilinda. Ukuthola cishe amabha angu-2000 ku-nozzle kukuvumela ukuthi udale inkungu yesibaseli ecishe iphelele ehlangana kahle nomoya. Ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi komzuzu wokuphakamisa inaliti nakho kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba zomjovo. bayini?

Injini yesitimela evamile nesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli

Izinjini zesimanje zesitimela ezijwayelekile zinezigaba okungenani ezi-5 zokujova. Ezinjinini ezithuthuke kakhulu, kukhona eziyi-8. Iyini imiphumela yale ndlela yokuhambisa uphethiloli? Ukuhlukaniswa komjovo ube yizigaba kuthambisa ukusebenza kwenjini futhi kuqede ukushayisana kwesici. Lokhu kwenza futhi ukushiswa okuphelele kwengxube, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini. Iphinde ikhiqize izinto ezimbalwa ze-NOx, eziye zaqedwa ezinjinini zikadizili ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene eminyakeni edlule.

Umlando wezinjini ezivamile zesitimela

Izinjini zokuqala zokujova iCommon Rail zethulwe ezimotweni zabagibeli ngabakwaFiat. Lawa kwakungamayunithi amakwe e-JTD ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-Euro 3. Nakuba kwakuyinjini eqanjwe kabusha, yayiklanywe kahle kakhulu futhi yabonakala ithembekile. Namuhla, amayunithi angu-1.9 JTD kanye ne-2.4 JTD aziswa kakhulu emakethe yesibili, nakuba sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-24 kwakhululwa i-Common Rail Fiat yokuqala.

Isitimela esivamile ezinjinini zamaloli

Nokho, kwaFiat kwakungeyena umkhiqizi wokuqala emhlabeni ukwethula imoto yesitimela evamile. Le moto ikhiqizwe wuhlobo lweHino. Lena yinkampani yaseJapan ekhiqiza amaloli futhi ingaphansi kweToyota. Kumodeli yakhe ye-Ranger, iyunithi engu-7,7-litre (!) yafakwa, okuthi, ngenxa yomjovo wesimanje, ikhiqize i-284 hp. AbaseJapan bethula leli loli ngo-1995 bashaya iFiat ngeminyaka emi-2.

Umjovo Oqondile - I-Common Rail Diesel kanye Nekhwalithi Yamafutha

Kulapha lapho enye yezinkinga zalolu hlobo lokuklama ibonakala khona. Lokhu ukuzwela okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-injection kwikhwalithi kaphethiloli. Ngisho nokungcola okuncane kakhulu isihlungi sikaphethiloli esingakwazi ukubamba kungavala izimbobo. Futhi lezi yizilinganiso ezincane kakhulu, ngoba ukucindezela kukaphethiloli akuphoqi ukuklama kwe-perforations yosayizi omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi ngamunye imoto nge-Common Rail, udinga ukunakekela ukugcwalisa amafutha edizili eziteshini eziqinisekisiwe. Kudingeka futhi uqaphele nge-fuel sulfation ephezulu, enomthelela omubi kuma-injection.

I-Common Rail system enjinini kanye nobubi bayo

Okunye okubi esesikubalulile wukuthi le ndlela yokufaka uphethiloli enjinini iyakuphoqa ukuthi uthenge uphethroli osezingeni eliphezulu. Kumayunithi wamandla anamanye amasistimu kaphethiloli, ukuguqulwa kwesihlungi sikaphethiloli ngokuvamile kuyadingeka njalo lapho kushintshwa uwoyela wenjini yesi-2 noma yesi-3. Nge-Common Rail, awukwazi ukulinda isikhathi eside kangako. Ukugcinwa kwamafutha kuyabiza kakhulu, ngoba cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ufinyelele isihlungi esisha.

Izindleko Ezivamile Zezibaseli Zezitimela Zesitimela Nezokulungisa

Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokuthi kungani kufanele unakekele izinga likaphethiloli kulawa ma-diesel. Ukuvuselela, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwezijovo ezivamile zikaloliwe, kubiza cishe ama-euro ayi-10 ucezu ngalunye. Uma ukushintshwa kudingekile, ngeshwa uzoba nokumangala okungajabulisi kakhulu. Izindleko zekhophi eyodwa zingadlula ngisho nama-euro ayi-100. Yiqiniso, kuya ngemodeli ethile yemoto. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, kuzodingeka ukhokhe izingcezu ezi-4. Ezinjinini ze-V6 noma ze-V8, inani liyakhula ngokufanele.

Ama-injection kaloliwe ajwayelekile ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Lo mbuzo unentshisekelo enkulu kubathengi bezimoto abavela emakethe yesibili. Akukho okungajwayelekile. Phela bafuna ukuthenga imoto maduze nje engeke idinge ukuvuselelwa komjovo. Abakhiqizi basikisela ukuthi izijovo ze-Common Rail zizohamba cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-250 ngaphandle kokuphuka. Yebo, lezi izilinganiso futhi awukwazi ukunamathela kuzo. Ezimotweni eziningi, leli mayela selidlulile isikhathi eside, futhi azikho izimpawu ezisobala zokuwohloka. Kwezinye izimoto, kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kwe-100 XNUMX noma imayela elingaphezulu kancane, kufanele ushintshe umbhobho owodwa noma isethi yonke.

Ungawuthola kanjani umonakalo kuma-injection avamile wesitimela?

Akulula njengezinhlobo zamayunithi amadala. Udizili omusha unezinhlelo eziningi ezithuthukisa izinga lamagesi akhipha umoya (okuhlanganisa ne-DPF). Lolu hlelo luvimbela iningi lamagesi e-exhaust ukuthi abaleke aye ngaphandle. Ngakho, umjovo wesitimela ovamile ovuzayo ungabangela ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwentuthu. Ezimotweni ezingenayo i-DPF, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lomjovo olimele. Olunye uphawu olushaqisayo wubunzima bokuqalisa injini ye-Common Rail ngemva kwesikhathi eside ingasebenzi, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zasebusika. Ukusebenza kweyunithi kuyashintsha, futhi injini ngokwayo ikhipha ukudlidliza okunamandla nomsindo ongewona wemvelo. Impendulo engacacile inganikezwa ngokubheka ukuchichima noma ukuxilongwa kusevisi.

Ungawanakekela kanjani ama-injection kaloliwe ajwayelekile enjini? Sebenzisa uphethiloli oqinisekisiwe kuphela, shintsha isihlungi sikaphethiloli njalo, futhi ungazami ngemikhiqizo ewuketshezi "yesimangaliso" okumele izijovo ziphinde ziyikhiqize kabusha. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungase kube okuphambene nenhloso yabo ehlosiwe. Ukunakekela imibhobho yakho kuzonweba impilo yawo futhi ungagwema izindleko eziphansi kakhulu zokushintshwa.