I-Tesla Syndrome Yesibili.

Phenya iswishi futhi sinogesi! - kulandela eminye imibiko yabezindaba mayelana nezinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi ePoland, ezimenyezelwe ezinyangeni zamuva. Kodwa-ke, ukubhekisisa amaqiniso kanye nokubheka emuva komlando kusixwayisa ukuba siqaphe, njengoba kokubili amakhono ezobuchwepheshe kanye nenhloko-dolobha edingekayo ukuze kuqalwe uguquko lukagesi kushoda kancane ezweni lakithi.

Kuningi okwenzekayo endaweni yezimemezelo nezimemezelo. UNgqongqoshe wezaMandla u-Krzysztof Czorzewski umemezele ngoMeyi 2017 ukuthi emasontweni ezayo Umthetho ohlelweni lokusekela lwezinhlelo ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-electromobility e-Poland. Uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi olwethulwa nguMnyango Wezamandla luthatha ukuthi ngo-2025 kuzoba nezimoto zikagesi eziyisigidi emigwaqweni yeVistula.

Esigabeni sokuqala (kuze kube ngu-2018), uhulumeni kufanele aqinisekise amaPoles ngombono wawo - khona-ke azosetshenziswa. izinhlelo zomshayeli. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngo-2019-2020, ingqalasizinda yokushaja izimoto zikagesi izokwakhiwa ngamaqoqo akhethiwe kanye eduze ne-TEN-T (Trans-European Transport Network) eMfuleni iVistula. Uhulumeni ulinganisela ukuthi kuzoba nabantu abangu-50 emadolobheni angama-2020 akhethwe ngo-2025. izimoto zikagesi. Ekugcineni, uhulumeni ubikezela ukuthi esigabeni sesithathu (XNUMX-XNUMX), izimoto zikagesi zizothandwa kakhulu. vuselela isidingo izimoto ezinjalo. Ngokusho komnyango, inethiwekhi yamandla yasePoland izobe isilungele ukunikeza izimoto zikagesi ezilinganiselwa esigidini ngogesi.

Kude ne-avareji yaseYurophu

Izinhlelo eziningi nezimemezelo. Izinombolo zangempela lapha namanje zinesizotha kakhulu. Ngokusho kwePolish Association of the Automotive Industry, ngo-April 2017, kwakukhona izimoto zikagesi ezingu-47 ezibhaliswe kulo lonke iqembu lezimoto zabagibeli, kuhlanganise Uma sithatha lokhu njengesilinganiso samanje futhi siphindaphindeka ngeshumi nambili, sithola izimoto zikagesi eziyisigamu sezinkulungwane ezibhalisiwe ngonyaka. ePoland. Ngaphezu kwe-400 2016 zonke izimoto zibhaliswe okokuqala (XNUMX).

Azikho izimpawu zokukhula okubukhali futhi namanje asibukeki kahle kakhulu uma siqhathanisa ne-Europe. Ngokusho kwe-European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA), sezizonke izimoto eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-2016 zabhaliswa ku-European Union ngo-155,2. izimoto ezine-electric drive (ECV-) - okuyi-4,8% engcono kunomphumela otholwe ngo-2015 (lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nama-hybrids alolu hlobo).

Iningi (i-ECV) ngonyaka odlule libhaliswe eNorway (izinkulungwane ezingama-44,9 - ngo-2015 kwakukhona izinkulungwane ezingama-33,7), i-Great Britain (izinkulungwane ezingama-36,9 - uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkulungwane ezingama-28,7 ngo-2015.) izinkulungwane - 29,1 ayizinkulungwane), kanye naseNetherlands, lapho, nokho, ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwabhalwa kuqhathaniswa no-22,8 - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-25,2 babhalisiwe. abasebenza ngogesi uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-23,5. onyakeni odlule.

Ngokusho kwe-ACEA, ngonyaka odlule izimoto zikagesi ezingu-556 zeqembu le-ECV zabhaliswa ePoland - kuhlanganise nalezi ezibizwa ngokuthi (BEV), (EREV), (FCEV) kanye (PHEV). Uma kuqhathaniswa, ngo-2015 inani lokubhaliswa kwezimoto zeqembu le-ECV ePoland lafinyelela inani lama-337.

Isikhungo socwaningo samazwe ngamazwe i-Navigant Research ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2023, izimoto zikagesi zizobalelwa ku-2,4% wokudayiswa kwezimoto ezizayo emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba ubona, ePoland leli phesenti lisephansi kakhulu futhi kuzodingeka likhule ngokuzumayo ukuze singagcini nje ngokufinyelela isibikezelo esijwayelekile, kodwa futhi sifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ngoba lezi ziyizinhlelo zethu futhi izifiso.

Izinkampani ezine zikahulumeni kanye nokuncintisana

Ukukhuthazwa kwe-electromobility kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi yemoto kagesi yasePoland kwenziwa yinkampani i-Electro-Mobility Poland. (1) yinkampani eyakhiwe ngo-Okthoba 2016 yizinkampani ezine: i-PGE, i-Tauron, i-Enea ne-Energa. Ngamunye wabo wathatha 25% of the capital ogunyaziwe, okuyinto PLN 10 million. Inkampani ihlela - ngokusekelwa uhulumeni wasePoland - ukudala isisekelo semakethe yangaphakathi entsha futhi ube yingxenye yemboni yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele.

1. ElectroMobility Poland - isithombe-skrini sesayithi

"Imoto encane kagesi yasemadolobheni, ekhiqizwa ePoland futhi esekelwe emcabangweni wezobuchwepheshe wasePoland, inselele emakethe yezimoto yasePoland," kusho uNgqongqoshe uCzorzewski, ememezela ukusungulwa kwenkampani. “NjengoMnyango Wezamandla, sisekela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-electromobility ePoland, sakha izimo zosomabhizinisi basePoland abasebenza kulo mkhakha ukuze bakwazi ukuncintisana ngempumelelo nabaseYurophu. Vele, ukuthi imoto enjalo izokhiqizwa yini ePoland izogcina ihlolwe yimakethe.”

Uhlelo luhlanganisa futhi ukufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha zomphakathi. Kuhambisana nezixazululo zokuklama ingqalasizinda yokushaja izimoto zikagesi njengoba kuchazwe ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yokuthuthukiswa.

I-ElectroMobility Poland yamemezela umncintiswano wemoto yokuqala kagesi yasePoland. Umnqamulajuqu wokuhambisa amaphrojekthi uphelelwe yisikhathi maphakathi noMeyi 2017. Sihlangane nabaphumelele ngoSepthemba 12, kanti i-prototype yemoto kufanele yakhiwe ngonyaka ozayo. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi noJuni, abahleli babika izicelo ezicishe zibe yikhulu, ezivela ezinkampanini ezincane nasezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe nakubantu ngabanye.

"Sijabule ngentshisekelo enkulu kulo mqhudelwano," kusho okhulumela i-ElectroMobility Poland u-Alexandra Baldis esitatimendeni sabezindaba. “Manje kuzokwenzeka isigaba sokuqala somsebenzi wamajaji, lapho simeme khona iziphathimandla ezivela emhlabeni wezimoto nabaklami abavelele. Isigaba sokuqala siwukuhlola okusemthethweni, okulandelwa ukukhethwa kwamaphrojekthi nokukhethwa kwemisebenzi yokugcina ethakazelisa kakhulu eyishumi nanhlanu.”

Kulesi simemezelo, abagqugquzeli baphinde bathi iphrojekthi ngayinye emukelwe kowamanqamu izocutshungulwa ngokuklama nokumakhenikha, ukuphepha, ukunethezeka, isitayela kanye nobungane bemvelo, kanye nokusebenza kokushayela.

Ijaji lalihlanganisa:

• abantu besayensi, okungukuthi, uprofesa. ihabhu. IsiNgisi U-Marcin Szlenzak – uMqondisi we-Automotive Transport Institute, u-prof. UDkt Eng. U-Arch. Stefan Westrich - ovela ku-Faculty of Architecture yase-Warsaw University of Technology, uDkt. Ing. U-Andrzej Muszynski – Umqondisi Wesikhungo Semboni Yezimoto (i-PIMOT), uDkt. Wojciech Wesolek – Umfundisi eSitudiyo Sokuklama Izokuthutha se-Academy of Fine Arts e-Wroclaw, umklami wezikebhe, izimoto, izithuthuthu nemidlalo yamavidiyo;
• abaklami, i.e. U-Oscar Zenta uyinhloko ye-studio ye-Zieta Prozessdesign, u-Wojciech Sokołowski ungumklami wezimoto, inhloko yenkampani i-SOKKA, egxile ekwakhiweni kwezimboni nezimoto;
• umshayeli, okungukuthi, u-Joanna Madej - umshayeli wendiza kanye nomgijimi, umpetha wasePoland emibuthanweni yezimoto, u-Natalia Kowalska - umshayeli womjaho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukusebenza ku-Formula Master kanye ne-Formula 2, u-Tomasz Chopik - umshayeli onesihloko, iqhawe lasePoland emibuthanweni yezimoto;
• izintatheli zezimotolabo. U-Jarosław Maznas – ovela ku-TVN Turbo, umdidiyeli ngokubambisana wohlelo “Automaniak”, u-Rafal Jemielita – ovela ku-TVN Turbo, u-Katarzyna Friendl – intatheli yezimoto kanye ne-blogger, umbhali wewebhusayithi motocaina.pl;
• noma kunjalo U-Anna Dereszowska - umlingisi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nefilimu, umshisekeli wezimoto, u-Iza Rogulska - uchwepheshe wezokuxhumana nobudlelwano bomphakathi, uPhillips Polska, uMarcin Kobylecki - umqondisi wokudala kanye nelungu lebhodi lePlatige Image, uJoanna Kloskowska - umqondisi wezokumaketha weRingier Axel Springer Polska, onguchwepheshe bomkhiqizo - ukumaketha nokuxhumana.

Umncintiswano wokuqala uhlanganisa isigaba sokubuka. Esinye, esizomenyezelwa kulo Septhemba, sithinta ukwenziwa kwe-prototyping. Uma isinqumo sesenziwe, i-ElectroMobility Poland ihlela inqubo yokugunyaza, ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge oluncane bese isekela ukwethulwa kochungechunge lokukhiqiza.

Iqhaza le-ElectroMobility Poland ukudala izimo zamabhizinisi abonisa amandla emakethe abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi. Inkampani kufanele kube yiyona kuphela eqalayo lapha. (asibambelele kulesi siqeshana segama, nakuba esimweni “sikagesi” sibonakala siphelelwe yisikhathi) ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokushayela kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu okungenzeka - okungukuthi, imali yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu - kufanele ivele kwenye indawo. Ngakho kuphi?

Lona umbuzo oye waphendulwa yizimoto zikagesi zasePoland ezingaphezu kweyodwa, noma kunalokho umklamo wayo.

Ukuze uqhathanise, nalu uhlu olufushane lokutshalwa kwezimali amaphrojekthi kagesi emhlabeni wonke angathembela kukho.

Izigidigidi zamaShayina

Ukutshalwa kwezimali komhlaba wonke kanye noxhaso lwezimali zokuqala ezithuthukisa izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kukhule kusuka ezigidini ezingama-200 ngonyaka wezi-2013 kuya ku-$2 billion ngo-2016, ngokwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene. La manani akhula ngokushesha. IsiShayina kuphela (ngaphandle kwegama) umpetha womhlaba (2) Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-2015, ithole izigidigidi zamaRandi kubatshalizimali bezimali. Imoto yokuqala yalolu hlobo izokwakhiwa ngo-2018, kanti kunezinhlelo zokukhiqiza izimoto eziyi-2021 ngo-100. izingxenye zemoto

2. Ukubukwa kwe-Weltmeister

Enye inkampani yaseChina eyasungulwa ngo-2014. NextEV, isigamu sesigidi sezigidi zamaRandi sesinesikweletu kuze kube manje. Uhlose ukwakha uhlobo lwemoto olusha ngokuphelele, oluhambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende. Njengamanje usedalile Imoto yomjaho ye-EP9, ebonwa njengeshesha kakhulu emhlabeni imoto kagesi.

Izinkampani zaseShayina ezisafufusa nezingaziwa kangako ezinezifiso zokunqoba imakethe yezimoto zikagesi ezisafufusa zingalindela amakhulu ezigidi nezigidigidi kuma-Chinese tech giants. Isibonelo, i-"Chinese Google" yinkampani Baidu - ndawonye Tencent Holdings Bayasekela Ikusasa le-Mobility, inkampani efuna ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo kagesi eyi-premium. Akumangalisi ukuthi wakwazi ukuthola onjiniyela bakwaBMW noTesla.

Le nkampani, eyasungulwa ngo-2014, ihlotshaniswa nenhloko-dolobha yaseShayina. Ikusasa likaFaraday waseCalifornia ofuna ukuqhudelana naye Tesla. Ngesikhathi sombukiso omkhulukazi wama-elekthronikhi nobuchwepheshe obusha - iConsumer Electronics Show, ebanjwa minyaka yonke eLas Vegas - wethula imoto ezimele kagesiijubane elifinyelela ku-2,39 km/h ngemizuzwana engu-97.

Inkampani izishaya isifuba ngokuthi imoto FF91 kushesha ukwedlula Imodeli S I-Tesla nazo zonke ezinye izimoto zikagesi ezikhiqizwayo okwamanje (i-Tesla ikwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-97 km / h ngemizuzwana engu-2,5). Ngesikhathi sombukiso, kubonisiwe amandla emoto ebihamba endaweni yokupaka ngaphandle komshayeli ogibele. Abamele iFaraday bachaze ukuthi imoto yabo, enesivinini esingaguquki esingaba ngu-88 km/h, ikwazi ukumboza ibanga elingu-775 km. Ingakhokhiswa namazinga ahlukene amanje. Umkhiqizi uhlela ukwethula imoto emakethe ngo-2018. Abafundi abafuna uku-oda kusengaphambili imoto kufanele balungiselele ama-ruble angu-5. amadola angaphambili...

Idalwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ULucid Motors kuze kube manje selithole “kuphela” amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-131 kubatshalizimali. Ulungisa indawo yokwakha, Lucy Air (3), kumele ibe nemingcele ehlaba umxhwele, okuhlanganisa. Injini 600 hp kanye nendawo yokugcina amandla engu-52,5 km. Intengo elinganiselwe iyizinkulungwane eziyi-XNUMX. amadola, okungeyona inketho evimbelayo esigabeni sezimoto zikanokusho. Inani alisamangazi uma ucabangela izinzuzo zentela abathengi bakagesi e-United States abangathembela kuzo.

Siyabonga ngoxhaso lwezimali lwaseShayina nolwaseMelika lokuqalisa kukagesi, isi-Swedish Kuhlanganiswe, ne-$1,42 million ku-akhawunti ibonakala inesizotha. Nokho, uma kubhekwa amandla Swedish umcabango lobuchwepheshe kanye nokubambisana Siemens, singalindela ukuthi ngo-2019-ngemuva kwakho konke, i-premiere yemoto yabo yokuqala ihlelelwe kulo nyaka-sizobona umkhiqizo othakazelisayo.

futhi kwelinye izwe nge high isiko lobuchwepheshe - Switzerland. Usebenza lapho kusukela ngo-2009 I-Classic Factoryosanda kunikela ngemoto I-Elektra (4) Idizayinelwe ukulingana nemikhiqizo ye-Tesla. Kanjalo nenqola. Umqondo owodwa – ithuthukiswe yinkampani yaseCroatia Imoto yeRimac, amandla angu-1224 hp. kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esingu-350 km/h.

4. Imodeli ehlukile - ukubona ngeso lengqondo 49

Izibonelo eziningi ezinikezwe emhlabeni wonke zibonisa ukuthi uvame ukucabanga ngokuklama izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma okungenani ezingaphezu kwesilinganiso. Imibono yasePoland yezimoto zikagesi ijwayele ukuba yincane, idolobha, kodwa ngeshwa, njengoba sizobona, izimoto ezibiza kakhulu, zasemadolobheni.

IsiJalimane sinikeza ugesi wasePoland ngaphansi komfanekiso wase-Italy

Muva nje, abezindaba bebegcwele ulwazi mayelana imiklamo yasekhaya yezimoto zikagesi. Nokho, akuzona njalo nje isiPolish, njengoba kufakazelwa isibonelo sokwakha ESF01 (5). ekhiqizwa ekhaya kufihlwe lapha ngaphansi komzimba wemoto eyenziwe nguTychy... Fiat 500. Ngemuva kwalo msebenzi kunosomabhizinisi waseJalimane uThomas Hayek, umongameli we-Bemotion nomsunguli wesikhungo sokukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi e-Bielsko-Biała.

5. FSE 01 (copyright: Electric Vehicle Plant Bielsko-Biala)

Isikhungo socwaningo lwezimoto i-BOSMAL isize ekudaleni i-FSE 01. Inguqulo eboniswayo njengamanje iyimodeli ethuthukisiwe, okwathi ngo-2014, njengemoto ebizwa nge-BOSMAL 500 E, yethulwa e-eCarTech Motor Show eMunich (i-bemotion yayisivele isimemezele ngokudayiswa kwakho ne-BOSMAL ).

Ubude bemoto bungaphezudlwana nje kwamamitha angu-3,5. Ifakwe i-PMSM enezigaba ezintathu ehambisanayo ekhiqizwa i-Sosnowiec enamandla angu-45 hp. (i-torque enkulu engu-120 Nm). Amabhethri afihlwe ngaphansi. Ngesisindo sika-1055 kg, imoto kufanele ihambe ngesivinini esiphezulu se-135 km / h. Uma ikhokhiswa kanye izohamba amakhilomitha angu-100 kanti, ngokusho kukaHayek, izobiza ngaphansi kuka-$100. zloty.” Uma kuqhathaniswa, ngophethiloli omusha ongu-50 umenzi ufuna ngaphansi kuka-XNUMX XNUMX. i-zloty

Ukushaja i-FSE 01 kusuka kusokhethi evamile yegaraji kuthatha cishe amahora ayisithupha, kodwa amahora amathathu kuphela usebenzisa ugesi ongu-400V. Abamele i-FSE balinganisela ukuthi bayakwazi ukukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi ezifika enkulungwaneni ngonyaka.

I-Bemotion kanye ne-Automotive Research Institute BOSMAL bafake isicelo ku-National Research and Development Centre ukuze kuxhaswe imali ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingu-PLN 4,5 ngephrojekthi yabo ehlanganyelwe enesihloko esithi “Ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto ehambisa ugesi enamandla ahlakaniphile”. uhlelo lokulawula". Lokhu kusho ukuthi e-Bielsko-Biala umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuthuthukisa izimoto ezimbili ezihlukene ezisebenza ngogesi - iveni yokulethwa kwezinkampani kanye nemoto yabagibeli yase-Kowalski.

Kuze kube manje, u-Fabryka Samochodow Elektrycznych usetshale imali efinyelela ku-1 million euros kuphrojekthi. Ukubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni we-ElectroMobility Poland kwakucatshangelwa, kodwa izidingo zokuncintisana ezimenyezelwe yi-EMP zithi imoto kufanele ihambe okungenani amakhilomitha angu-150 - kulokhu cishe i-50 km.

Inkampani ingathanda ukukhomba ngokuyinhloko amakhasimende ezikhungo - amabhange, izinkampani zomshwalense, mhlawumbe izikhungo zikahulumeni abasebenzi bazo abangasebenzisa izimoto zikagesi njengezimoto zasedolobheni zakudala.

Idizayini yasePoland ngempela iyi-ELVI. Leli kwakuyigama lomqondo wemoto yokuqala yokulethwa kukagesi yasekhaya. Umkhiqizi owaziwayo wamagandaganda nemishini yezolimo, u-Ursus, wethulwa embukisweni oshicilelwe kakhulu we-Hannover Fair ngo-Ephreli (6), lapho iPoland yaba nguzakwethu kulo nyaka. Ukushayela kuhlinzekwa ngu-Hipolit Cegielski-Poznań. I-ELVI izokhiqizwa eLublin.

6. U-Ursus ELVI ku-Hannover Messe yakamuva

Imoto kufanele ibe nesisindo esingamathani angu-3,5. Umthamo omncane wokulayisha ngu-1100 kg, ububanzi bokushajwa kwebhethri elilodwa buzoba ngu-150 km, futhi isivinini esikhulu sizoba ngu-100 km/h. Njengoba abameleli bomkhiqizi beqinisekisa, yonke imingcele ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokwezidingo zabasebenzisi bakusasa. Ukuphakama kwemoto kuyoba cishe ngamamitha angu-2, ukuze ikwazi ukungena kalula, isibonelo, indawo yokupaka engaphansi komhlaba esikhungweni sokuthenga.

I-ELVI izotholakala ngezinjini ezimbili. Eyokuqala inenjini enamandla angu-60-70 kW noma acishe abe ngu-100 hp. izobekwa phakathi nendawo. Okwesibili, kuzokwazi ukuhlukanisa amandla abe yizinjini ezimbili ze-35 kW ngayinye. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa emotweni azonikeza ikhono lokushajwa ngokushesha kumthamo we-90% kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15, okufanele kubhekwe njengomphumela omuhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo ezivame ukutholakala emakethe.

Imoto ethile futhi eseyakhiwe ngobuningi iyimoto encane enedrayivu kagesi eyenziwe ePoland. Isiqephu 4E (7), eqoqwe futhi yanikezwa i-Arkus & Romet Group kusukela ngo-2012. Nakuba igama lihlotshaniswa kahle nesiPolish, inguqulo yokukhiqiza iwukuhluka kuphela kwemoto kagesi yamaShayina enezicabha ezi-5 esiyifakile. Yogomo MA4E. Imoto ishayelwa yi-brushless motor kagesi enamandla angu-5 kW (6,8 hp) kanye no-voltage ongu-72 V.

Ukucushwa kukagesi kuvumela isivinini esiphezulu esingu-62 km/h. Amandla adingekayo ukuze injini inikwe amandla agcinwa kumabhethri e-lead-acid ayisishiyagalolunye, ngalinye linomthamo ongu-150 Ah (ingqikithi engu-1350 Ah) kanye ne-voltage engu-8 V. Ububanzi obukhulu bungama-90 km, kodwa lokhu kunganyuswa ku-180 km. . km ngokuvula imodi yokushayela eyongayo, enciphisa isivinini esiphezulu sibe ku-42 km/h.

7. I-Romet 4E (umthombo: Wikipedia)

8. USiren Niki (copyright: AK Motor)

Muhle, uyashesha futhi uphelele ngobuchwepheshe... ihluzo zekhompyutha

Kokubili i-FSE ne-ELVI yizimoto okungenani ezikhona, ngisho nama-prototypes. Kuvele ukuthi ukudala i-prototype ngezimo zesi-Polish kakade kuyimpumelelo ebalulekile. Akukho ukushoda kwamaphrojekthi wemvelo engapheli kakhulu. Lokhu kubandakanya, isibonelo, Siren Nicky (8). Ngokwencazelo yomkhiqizi i-AK Motors, kuzoba yimoto encane yedolobha efakwe imoto kagesiengathwala abantu ababili nemithwalo emincane. Amabhethri ahlinzekwe ngenjini avumela ibanga elingaba ngu-150 km ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi angashajwa aze afike ku-90% ngemizuzu engu-15 nje kuphela.

Inkinga nje ukuthi lo mshini... awukho ngokomzimba. Okungenani akekho owambona emhlabeni wangempela. Kodwa-ke, ungabona ihluzo eziningi ezinhle zekhompiyutha. Ngeshwa, lokhu kusebenza nakwezinye izibonisi ze-AK Motors - I-Melusines Oraz I-Ligey.

Ngesinye isikhathi, icala le-ELV001(9) lalisezingeni eliphezulu - imoto okwakufanele ihambe ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-150 ngenkokhelo eyodwa. Kwakufanele kube isiPolish ngokuphelele, i.e. yakhelwe futhi yakhiwa onjiniyela bethu. Izimali zatholwa ngisho ne-European Union futhi i-ELV8 prototype yadalelwa izigidi ezingu-001. Idizayini yangaphandle yesimanje UMichal Kraczyk, umfundi owenza iziqu e-Academy of Fine Arts e-Krakow. Izinkampani zasekhaya ezifana ne-Car Technology Production, i-KOMEL noma i-Mielec Leopard yizona ezibhekele ukwakhiwa. Lo mfanekiso uthathe cishe izinyanga ezingama-20 ukwakhiwa futhi, ngokuka-Jerzy Czerkes, umxhumanisi wephrojekthi e-MARR Regional Development Agency e-Mielec, ama-90% ezingxenye aklanywa futhi akhiwa endaweni.

9. ELV001 (copyright: exeon.co)

Amandla achazwe kabanzi e-ELV001, ngaphezu kwesitayela sayo esikhangayo sezicabha ezintathu, kuhlanganisa nendawo yabagibeli abane, ibhuthi enkulu engu-310-litre kanye nomthamo wokukhokha ongu-550kg. Ukushayela futhi kwakuyiphuzu eliqinile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuvumela ukonga okubalulekile (izindleko zokuhamba nge-100 km ngayinye zingama-zloty angu-4), futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunikeza ukusebenza okumangazayo. awu 41hp izokuvumela ukuthi usuke ku-0 uye ku-100 km/h. ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-6. Ijubane eliphezulu lalingu-110 km/h, kanti isikhathi sokushaja ibhethri sasisuka emahoreni ayisi-6 kuye kwayi-8. Ukufingqa, singasho ukuthi lena imoto enemingcele engekho ngaphansi kwamamodeli ancintisanayo avela kubakhiqizi abaziwayo bomhlaba.

Konke lokhu okuvelayo kwakusho ukuthi ngo-2014 abezindaba babhala nge-ELV001 njengethemba lemboni yezimoto yasekhaya. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi njengoba umqondo womshini osebenza kahle kanye nedrayivu yokonga wadalwa, mhlawumbe kukhona okuzoqhubekela phambili nale ndiza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nokho, ngemva kwalokho kwathuleka ngale ndaba. Umtshali-zimali akatholakalanga icala lahoxiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababhali bephrojekthi ngokwabo abasho ukuthi inhloso yabo kwakuwukukhiqiza imoto.

Umqondo oyinhloko kwakuwukudala amathuba ezinkampani zasekhaya ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ezivela embonini yezimoto ukuze zithole ulwazi ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni izingxenye zezimoto zikagesi. Bekumayelana nokuhlola imibono nezinhlaka zikazwelonke. Ngempela, ngenxa yalokhu, izinkampani eziningana sezivele zibambisana noma zinethuba lokubambisana nezinkampani ezinkulu zezimoto eYurophu.

Kodwa ingabe amaphrojekthi ezimoto zikagesi zasePoland azohlala phakade kuphela endaweni yemibono nama-prototypes okuqala?

Ishaja esuphamakethe kanye nesibani somgwaqo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi akudingi nje imiklamo emihle yemoto, kodwa nengqalasizinda. Futhi neqiniso lokuthi ePoland cishe ibuthakathaka ngisho nangaphezu kwemali yokutshala kulo mkhakha. Njengamanje kukholakala ukuthi sine-approx. 130 iziteshi ukushaja imoto kagesi (10). Futhi eJalimane, isibonelo, kukhona kakade 125 ayizinkulungwane.

10. Imephu ye-Google enezindawo zokushaja imoto kagesi e-Poland (kusuka ku-mytesla.com)

Ngokusho kwephrojekthi kahulumeni "Iphakheji Yezokuthutha Ehlanzekile", ePoland ngo-2020 6 izinkulungwane ezivamile kanye 400 okusheshayo ukushaja amaphuzu izimoto zikagesi. Ngokwemithetho ye-EU, okungenani iphuzu ngalinye leshumi kufanele lifinyeleleke emphakathini.

Abezindaba (ngokwesibonelo, “Dziennik – Gazeta Prawna”) basanda kushicilela izibalo ezinkulu nakakhulu - eminyakeni ezayo sizodala eminye imisebenzi eyi-10 2. izindawo zokushaja imoto kagesi. Cishe ingxenye yabo izoba sesiteshini sokuhlola, enye i-XNUMX. bazokwakha amaphuzu, ngokwesibonelo, ezimbonini ze-biogas, kanye nasezikhungweni zokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngumoya namanzi. Akukacaci ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuzofakwa kulawa mashaja. Kuyafaneleka ukungeza ukuthi sesivele sidale iziteshi ezimbalwa sisebenzisa isisombululo I-Tesla Supercharger - kuhlanganisa. eWroclaw, Katowice nasePoznań.

I-10 iyithemba elifisa kakhulu. Abanye bazothi - akunangqondo. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukuphika ukuthi inani lokufakwa okunjalo ePoland belilokhu likhula muva nje. Isibonelo, e-Łódź iyodwa, i-PGE isebenza eziteshini zokushaja eziyisithupha ezinamandla angu-50 kW sisinye. Zizokwethulwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-2017. Ama-opharetha omakhalekhukhwini nawo kubikwa ukuthi anentshisekelo yokwakha inethiwekhi yamashaja ezimoto zikagesi. Le miklamo izoxhaswa ngezimali yisiKhwama Sezokuthutha Ezingcolisa Kancane noma Isikhwama Sikazwelonke Sokulawulwa Kwemvelo Namanzi, kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Izinkampani zezimoto ezifana neBMW, Ford, Daimler neVolkswagen nazo zisungula amanethiwekhi azo okushaja e-Europe, okungukuthi ePoland.

Baningi abantu abafuna ukuqala leli bhizinisi. Ekupheleni kuka-2016, kanye nesitolo se-80 Lidl e-Poland, isiteshi sokuqala sokushaja izimoto zikagesi sochungechunge lwesaphulelo savulwa e-Poznań. Isiteshi simahhala futhi siyafinyeleleka ngezikhathi zokusebenza zesikhungo. Ungayisebenzisa - ngenxa yokushaja okusheshayo, izinga elicishe libe ngu-30% lingafinyelelwa emizuzwini eyi-XNUMX. Isakhiwo ngokwaso sishiswa amandla avela ku-geothermal asekelwa ukubuyiswa kwamandla.

Amaphuzu wokushaja wamahhala nawo abangela abanye uchungechunge lwezitolo. Umbono wokuheha amakhasimende ngeziteshi zokushaja zamahhala usuvele usetshenziswa e-Europe, okuhlanganisa no-Aldi, E. Leclerc kanye no-Auchan. E-Poland, i-IKEA idala neziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo zezimoto ezinjalo ezitolo zayo.

Izinkampani ezimbili zikahulumeni zikaphethiloli, i-Orlen kanye neLotos, ezisaqaphe okwenzekayo, zilungiselela ukungena emakethe. U-Orlen wayenamashaja amabili e-Tesla eziteshini zikaphethiloli ezingaphezu kuka-1700, kanti iLotos ibilokhu ishayela izimoto zikagesi nezehybrid eziteshini ezikhethiwe zaseTri-City kusukela ngo-2015.

Umbono wengqalasizinda othakazelisayo wazalwa endaweni ehluke ngokuphelele yasePoland. ILublin University of Technology kanye ne-PGE Dystrybucja bafuna ukulungiselela ngokuhlanganyela uhlelo olusha lokushaja izimoto zikagesi, oluzosebenzisa amashaja atholakala Izibani zomgwaqo. Umsebenzi kufanele uqedwe ngo-2020. Umgomo wephrojekthi ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba mahhala kwezimoto zikagesi kulo lonke elasePoland esikhathini esizayo. I-Lublin University of Technology izolungiselela izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zamashaja amasha, futhi i-PGE Dystrybucja izonakekela izinhlelo ze-IT ezizovumela ukuthi amashaja ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokulawula zomqhubi wokuphakela amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zikagesi osetshenziselwa ukushaja izimoto zingafakwa ezikweletini zikagesi wendawo yokuhlala yomshayeli.

amabhethri emoto kufanele ishajwe ngamandla amakhulu angama-25 kW. Ukushaja okugcwele kuzothatha cishe imizuzu engama-70. Amashaja azoba nezinhlobo ezintathu zamapulaki, okukuvumela ukuthi uxhume izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto zikagesi. Kumele zibe yi-bidirectional, i.e. futhi uqinisekise ukubuyiswa kwamandla kusuka kumabhethri kuya ohlelweni, uma kunesidingo. Ngenxa yomehluko wamanani kagesi ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku, lesi sixazululo sizosiza abashayeli ukuthi babone ukonga okwengeziwe. Izindleko zeshaja eyodwa zilinganiselwa kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40. i-zloty Kodwa-ke, abadali bephrojekthi abahlosile ukuzibandakanya ekukhiqizeni kwabo - izinhlelo zamashaja zizotholakala kubakhiqizi abanentshisekelo ngesisekelo selayisensi evulekile.

E-Warsaw ngaphandle kukagesi wedolobha - e-Wroclaw bazohamba

Enhloko-dolobha, kuzokwazi futhi ukukhokhisa izimoto zikagesi phambi kwendlunkulu ye-energy ukukhathazeka i-RWE e-Wybrzeża Szczecin, kanye nasezikhungweni zokuthenga eziningana, isibonelo, i-Galeria Mokotów, i-Arkadia, i-CH Warszawa Wileńska ne-Blue City. Iphuzu ngalinye kulawa lingaqedwa ngemizuzu engama-40 kuya ehoreni.

Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2016, i-Public Transport Authority yamemezela uhlelo lokuklama, ukuqaliswa kanye nokugunyazwa kwezinhlelo zokushaja izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kanye ne-hybrid emapaki ezimoto e-P+R e-Warsaw.

Kodwa-ke, inethiwekhi enganele kuze kube manje yeziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi kube ngesinye sezizathu ezenza uhulumeni wasekhaya waseWarsaw uzame ukwethula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi. ukwabelana ngemoto, yagcina isiyekile imfuneko yokuthi le phrojekthi ihlanganise nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. Mhlawumbe owokuqala kulo mncintiswano kuzoba yiWroclaw, lapho izimoto zedolobha ezisebenza ngogesi zizongena emigwaqweni entwasahlobo ka-2018.

NgoFebhuwari 2017, isivumelwano sasayinwa phakathi kwedolobha kanye nenkampani ye-Enigma, enesibopho sokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi. Inhloko-dolobha ye-Lower Silesia kufanele iqale ngezimoto zikagesi ezingama-200 ezitholakala kubo bonke abantu abahlala khona - izinhlobo zeNissan Leaf eziyi-190 kanye ne-10 ye-Nissan VAN.

Izimoto ngeke zibe mahhala - cishe izindleko zokuhamba zizoba cishe i-zloty engu-1 ngekhilomitha. Ungabhukha ngewebhusayithi noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, olukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukutholakala kwezimoto ezingazodwana edolobheni. Ukuvula nokuqalisa imoto nakho kuzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lwesicelo. Okufanayo kuya ezinkokhelweni. Ukukhokha kusengaphambili noma inkokhelo yenziwa ngemva kokubuyisela imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokwakhiwa iziteshi zokushaja eziyishumi nambili zezimoto.

11. Ukulayisha imoto maphakathi ne-Warsaw (isithombe: blog.kurasinski.com)

Izinkonzo ziyasonta

Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nesiqubulo sezimoto zikagesi eziyisigidi emigwaqweni yasePoland phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Kunemibono eminingi yokuthi ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo akunakwenzeka. Ngoba uguquko lukagesi ludinga imali yoguquko, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, izinhlelo zokusekela abashayeli, izinkampani, izikhungo kanye nohulumeni basekhaya. Khonamanjalo, emithonjeni yezindaba usengathola imibiko yezingxabano nokushuba kwesimo phakathi kwezikhungo okumele zigqugquzele imibono kahulumeni.

I-Pulse Business ibhale ukuthi iHhovisi likaNdunankulu kanye noMnyango Wezezimali abafuni ukuba nezimoto zikagesi emkhunjini wabo. Kodwa kwakuwukuphatha kombuso, okuhlanganisa nezinkonzo, okufanele ngabe zazisa lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha futhi zibe yisibonelo.

Khonamanjalo, inhloko yeHhovisi likaNdunankulu, uBeat Kemp, ekhuluma ngombiko we-Krzysztof Czorzewski ocashunwe ekuqaleni, uhlongoza ukuthi izimoto ezisetshenziswa ehhovisi zingafakwa ezinhlelweni ezizayo, ngoba lo mbhalo “awunaki izimo zokusebenza zehhovisi. ezinye izinhlaka zokuphatha, njengenhloko yeHhovisi likaNdunankulu " UMnyango Wezangaphandle uchaza ukuthi basebenzisa izimoto ezithathwe kwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke ngeke bathenge izimoto ezintsha, futhi kuzoba nzima kuye ukuthenga izimoto zikagesi. Okuxaka kakhulu ukuthi uMnyango Wezezimali, okungukuthi, inkonzo eholwa nguMateusz Morawiecki, omunye wabagqugquzeli abakhulu bokuhamba kukagesi, nayo ifuna ukugwema abasebenza ngogesi.

Izikhulu ziphinde zibuze umbono wokunikeza izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi umzila wamabhasi. Lokhu kuqeda esinye sezisusa ezibaluleke kakhulu zokushintshela kugesi. Kuthiwani ngezinxephezelo zentela, izimali zokupaka kanye nezinye izinsiza ezizokhuthaza abantu ukuthi basebenzise izimoto zikagesi?

Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, u-Krzysztof Kowalczyk, osanda kuhola i-ElectroMobility Poland, wesula. Nakuba uMaciej Kos, uMongameli we-EMP, esitatimendeni esikhishwe ukuthi "zonke izinqubo enkampanini zihamba kahle, futhi ukuqedwa kwenkontileka no-Krzysztof Kowalczyk akusabisa noma yimiphi imiklamo eyenziwa yi-EMP," ukwesula okusheshayo okunjalo. ayifaki sandla ekwakhiweni kwesimo sezulu esinethemba mayelana nephrojekthi yomdabu yokuhamba kukagesi .

Kunzima ukungaboni ukuthi ukuqaphela imibono eshiwo ngeke kube umsebenzi olula. Imali yokutshalwa kwezimali esikalini esidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuqalwe ukukhiqizwa, i.e. ezinkulu azilindelekile, futhi amaphrojekthi asePoland adalulwe kuze kube manje awawakhiphi amasokisi ngezixazululo zobuchwepheshe eziyimpumelelo.

Mhlawumbe kufanele sihambe ngendlela ehlukile futhi esikhundleni sokugxila ekwakhiweni kwe "Tesla yesibili", i.e. ekulingiseni nasekuvuleni iminyango evele ivuliwe, cabanga ngokuthola izixazululo zezinkinga eziningiliziwe zezobuchwepheshe ezisabalulekile ezimotweni zikagesi. akwanele, kodwa akekho noyedwa emhlabeni oke wabhekana nabo? Mhlawumbe kufanelekile ukufuna izindlela zokwandisa ububanzi, isivinini sokushaja, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukuphathwa kwamandla ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke kwemoto, futhi ubani owaziyo - mhlawumbe nemithombo yamandla emisha?

Le ndlela incike kuphela ezingeni elithile ezingeni lokutshala izimali. Okuningi kuzoxhomeka emisha, amaPoles anayo ngobuningi.