Amathayi asebusika agcwele - isiqinisekiso sokubamba kunoma yiziphi izimo?

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 izakhamuzi zasenhlonhlweni yaseScandinavia zibhekana nobunzima basebusika emgwaqweni, zisebenzisa amathayi aklanywe ngokukhethekile anendawo yezigxobo zensimbi. Empeleni "angamathayi asebusika" ashintshwe kancane kodwa ukubamba kanye nokuzethemba kokushayela endaweni eneqhwa akufaniswe. Kodwa-ke, ezweni lakithi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa njalo ngokusemthethweni, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezinye izindawo kungase kunciphise ukuphepha emgwaqeni.

Isondo eligxilile liyinto esungulwe eNyakatho Yurophu.

Ngisho namathayi angcono kakhulu enziwe ngezinhlanganisela zenjoloba ezikhethekile abhekana kuphela nezinkinga ezifana neqhwa noma iqhwa eligcwele ngokwezinga elilinganiselwe. Nakuba ukunyathela kuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlinzeka "okunamathela" okungcono kakhulu ongqimbeni lweqhwa (ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa ama-sipes), akunamandla neze ebusweni bendawo eneqhwa. Ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi emazweni lapho iqhwa nokukhithika kuyinsakavukela khona, amathayi anezimbobo athandwa kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kuye kwenziwa phakathi neminyaka ngenombolo nobude bezikhonkwane, kodwa namuhla ngokuvamile zingu-60 kuya ku-120 futhi zihluka ngosayizi ukusuka ku-10 kuya ku-15 mm.

Amathayi agcwele - enziwa kanjani?

Nakuba afana namamodeli amasondo ajwayelekile, amathayi ahlanganisiwe anama-sipe ambalwa. Ngokuvamile, zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-2 futhi ubude bufika ku-15 mm, nakuba emalolini zifinyelela ku-30 ​​mm. Izigxobo zifakwa ethayini ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-vulcanization, ezivumela ukuba zifakwe izikhathi eziningi, kusukela ngesikhathi sokusebenza zingalahleka noma zilimale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwawo kuye kwalungiswa ngendlela yokuthi isondo lingagugi ngokushesha ngenxa yesimo sezulu. Yini enye ehlukile "ebusika"?

Isondo eligcwele - izinguquko ezengeziwe

Omunye umehluko owenza amathayi asebusika anezikhonkwane ahlale isikhathi eside, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukunyathela okukhulu, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okungcono kwezintambo zensimbi emzimbeni we-stud. Uma ungqimba lwenjoloba kuleli phuzu lwaluncane kakhulu, luzophuka ngokushesha, ngenxa yokucindezela okudluliselwayo, kanye nesenzo sikasawoti osetshenziselwa ukugcina imigwaqo isesimweni esihle. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhande ensimbi azogqwala ngokushesha, okuzonciphisa kakhulu ukuphila kwesondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla anamandla adluliselwa ngokuqondile emabhandeni lapho ushayela ku-asphalt angaholela ekulimaleni kwemishini.

I-spike ihlelwa kanjani?

Izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zamathayi anjalo, lapho ukuziphatha kwawo okuhle kakhulu emgwaqeni kuncike khona, yizinsimbi zensimbi ezivela ku-60 kuya kwezingu-120. Ngokuvamile iqukethe i-aluminium, insimbi, noma umzimba wepulasitiki ozungeza isipikhi sangempela esenziwe nge-tungsten carbide eqine kakhulu. Nakuba umzimba ngokwawo ucishe uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele ethayini, iyiphuzu le-tungsten eliphuma kulo cishe ngo-1,5mm. Isiqhwaga samathayi e-Nokian sase-Finnish sembule okuhlukile okunama-studs anyakazayo avumela ukushayela okuphephile endaweni egandayiwe eyomile.

Asebenza kanjani amathayi agxishiwe

Nakuba izigxobo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukubambelela kwemoto eqhweni naseqhweni zingahluka kakhulu, indlela ezisebenza ngayo icishe ifane. Nomaphi lapho itiyela lishelela khona, izigxobo zensimbi zinikeza ukudonsa okungcono kakhulu ekubambeni okungaguquki. Kodwa-ke, okuhle kumshayeli akusilungele ngempela isimo sendawo engaphezulu - ikakhulukazi uma ushayela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu, eyehlisa isithunzi ngokushesha uma kusetshenziswa izigxivizo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo akuvunyelwe kuwo wonke amazwe, futhi emazweni amaningi kungaphansi kwemingcele.

I-Norway, Finland - kuphi lapho ongagibela khona amathayi agcwele?

Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo amathayi agxishiwe avunyelwe. Kwamanye amazwe, la mathayi angaphansi kwezindleko zokuminyana kwedolobha, angase adinge izimpawu ezikhethekile, futhi cishe angasetshenziswa kuphela phakathi nenkathi yasebusika. Phakathi kwamazwe lapho ama-spikes avunyelwe khona i-Italy, iSweden, iFinland, iNorway, i-Austria, iLithuania, iLatvia, i-Estonia neSpain. Eziningi zalezi zindawo, indinganiso yemigwaqo emhlophe yilapho imigwaqo eneqhwa ivunyelwa kuyo yonke inkathi yasebusika. IPoland ayikho phakathi kwabo.

Amathayi agcwele ezweni lakithi - abukeka kanjani?

I-Poland ingelinye lamazwe analokho okubizwa ngemigwaqo emnyama evamile, okungukuthi lawo lapho abaphathi bemigwaqo bebophezelekile ukuyigcina imnyama isikhathi esiningi sasebusika. Ngakho-ke, imigwaqo ezweni lakithi ihlanjululwa njalo eqhweni futhi ifafazwe ngosawoti nesihlabathi, okuthi - nakuba ingabizi - iqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha kubasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izixazululo ezikhethekile emigwaqweni yethu, ngaphandle kwamasondo ajwayelekile asebusika, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-studs cishe kuvinjelwe njalo.

Ithini imithetho ngamathayi agxishiwe?

Ukugibela amathayi agxishiwe emigwaqweni yomphakathi akuvumelekile ezweni lakithi. Umthethonqubo ukhuluma ngokusetshenziswa "kwezinto eziphikisana nokushelela ezibekwe unomphela" futhi ukwephulwa kwawo kujeziswe ngenhlawulo yama-euro ayi-10 nokugcinwa kwesikhashana kwesitifiketi sokubhalisa. Okuwukuphela kwendlela engokomthetho engenzeka yokusebenzisa izigxivizo emigwaqweni yomphakathi ukubamba iqhaza ku-rally ehleliwe noma umjaho wasebusika ngemvume yangaphambili yomlawuli womgwaqo etholwe umhleli.

Amathayi agxilile ayisixazululo esihle, nakuba engafaneleki

Ngemva kokuthakaselwa kokuqala kwamasondo agxilile, namuhla ukusetshenziswa kwawo kulawulwa kakhulu futhi kuvinjelwe. Iziphathimandla zamazwe amaningi ziye zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kungcono ukususa imigwaqo yeqhwa kunokungena ezindlekweni zokulungisa njalo i-asphalt pavement. Ngakho-ke, amathayi anjalo angasetshenziswa ezimweni ezilinganiselwe futhi ngaphakathi kwemingcele enengqondo. Abaphelele, kodwa ngokuqinisekile bahlinzeka ngokuphepha emigwaqweni eneqhwa.