Idizayini yesondo lemoto - konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nomsebenzi wengxenye ngayinye yamasondo

Amathayi yiwona kuphela izingxenye zemoto ezithintana ngqo nendawo esihamba kuyo. Kumele abe namandla ngokwanele ukuze akwazi ukuxoxisana ngokuphephile namaqhubu nemigodi noma amatshe amakhulu namancane. Kumele zimelane nemoto enesisindo esingamathani amaningana futhi zihambe ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-200 km/h. Nakuba kungeyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ngakho, banesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ingabe unentshisekelo yokukhiqiza amathayi emoto? Funda isihloko sethu ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngakho!

Ukwakhiwa kwamasondo - ukunyathela kwamasondo kuyisihluthulelo

Amathayi angenashubhu esiwasebenzisayo namuhla ahlehlela emuva ku-1947. Zabe zethulwa futhi zisathuthukiswa njalo kuze kube namuhla. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukunyathela, okwenza amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 obuso besondo. Nguye obhekele ukuzinza nokubamba kwesiteringi uma ushayela. Amathrekhi ayizinhlobo ezintathu:

• symmetric;
• i-asymmetric;
• iqondiswe.

Wonke amathayi anamuhla ayingxube yerabha yemvelo kanye neyokwenziwa, kanye ne-carbon black. Ebusika, i-silica futhi, isibonelo, i-resin yengezwa. Uma unentshisekelo ekulinganiseni, sikuphathele izindaba ezimbi - bonke abakhiqizi bagcina lolu lwazi luyimfihlo, abafuni ukuthi idatha enjalo iwele ezandleni zabaqhudelana nabo. Ngoba imakethe yamasondo ezimoto inkulu futhi umjaho ngowamakhulu ezigidi zama-euro ngenzuzo. Kodwa-ke, kubashayeli, lezi yizindaba ezinhle - uma uchitha imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni amathayi, ukushayela okuphephile nokuzethemba kuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zinjani.

Uhlangothi lwesondo

Esinye isici esibalulekile somklamo wamasondo udonga lwaso oluseceleni. Ikhiqizwe ngezinsimbi ze-carcass ezakheke ngaphambili kanye nerabha (eguquguquka kakhulu kunokunyathela). Inhloso yalesi sici ukuvikela ifreyimu ekulimaleni nasekushaqekeni, kanye nokwandisa ukunethezeka kokushayela. Lokhu kuphinde kuthinte ukudluliswa komthwalo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, imininingwane ebalulekile yabashayeli ibekwe eceleni kwethayi:

• usayizi
• inkomba yomthwalo;
• inkomba yesivinini;
• usuku lokwenziwa kwesondo;
• umkhiqizi wamasondo negama lemodeli.

unyaweni

Igama layo lobungcweti liwunyaweni, nakuba abaningi belibiza ngokuthi ikhola. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiliphi igama, lenza umsebenzi obalulekile kuwo wonke amasondo emoto. Inesibopho sokusimamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwesondo nerimu, okubalulekile uma kuziwa kwezokuphepha emgwaqeni. Unyawo lunomgogodla wensimbi futhi lufakwe nentambo yerabha. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukuvikelwa kwamathayi ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi yesisindo semoto.

ibhola lesigubhu

Uma kuziwa ekwakhiweni kwamasondo, ucingo lobuhlalu akumele lukhohlwe. Umsebenzi wayo ukugcina amathayi onqenqemeni lwerimu. Yiqiniso, yenziwe ngezintambo zensimbi, ezixhunywe kumakhoyili futhi zifakwe ebuhlalu besondo. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izintambo ezimbili zobuhlalu, ezisongwe ngongqimba olusekelwe enayiloni. Lokhu kuthinta ukudluliswa kwemithwalo ephezulu kakhulu ngamathayi ezimoto ngaphandle kwengozi yokuwaqhuma.

Siyini isidumbu futhi siyini isidumbu sesondo?

Isidumbu asilutho ngaphandle kongqimba oluzungeze isondo. Itholakala phezulu. Kuye ngomkhiqizi nosayizi wesondo, liqukethe izingqimba ezimbalwa noma ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili zocingo oluncane olunamandla aphezulu. Ahlelwe nge-diagonally futhi anamathiselwe ngokulandelana. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze udale inethiwekhi eminyene yonxantathu. Umsebenzi we-carcass ukunikeza isondo ukumelana nesivinini esiphezulu kanye namandla e-centrifugal asebenza kuwo, okungaba yingozi lapho ushayela. Yehlisa umphumela wokushisa kwesondo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu, yilesi sendlalelo esibonakala kuqala. Ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuklama amathayi.

Isidumbu sesondo yisidumbu. Ihlukaniswe ngamamodeli we-radial, lapho isisekelo sitholakala khona ngo-radially, kanye ne-diagonal, lapho isisekelo sitholakala khona ngokuphambana. Lesi yisici esakhiwe ngobuningi bezendlalelo zezintambo, umsebenzi wawo ukuxhuma ingxenye yehlombe yesondo nendawo yalo engaphambili. Isisekelo ngokuvamile senziwe ngendwangu yendwangu futhi, kuye ngokuthi umenzi nosayizi, ingaba eyodwa-, ezimbili- noma ezintathu-layered. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu walesi sici ukugcina ukuma kwesondo ngendlela efanele. Kuya ngekhwalithi yokubuyisela ukuthi isondo lizomelana yini nokuhlanekezelwa (kungase kuvele ngesikhathi sokusheshisa noma ukubhuleka) kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lesi sendlalelo sibaluleke kakhulu ngokuhlala kwesondo kanye nekhwalithi, futhi endabeni yokwakhiwa kwamasondo, kubaluleke kakhulu kubakhiqizi bamathayi. 

Isendlalelo sokuvala siyisici esibalulekile sesakhiwo

I-sealing layer, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuhlalu, ingaphakathi kwesondo futhi iyingxenye eyinhloko yesondo. Njengoba ungase uqagele, umsebenzi walo ukuvikela isondo emanzini noma emoyeni ongena ngaphakathi. Lesi singqimba simelana nama-oxidants kanye nama-asidi nezisekelo. Nguye ohlukile kunamakhamera abesetshenziswa amasondo ezimoto phambilini. Uma ubheka ukwakhiwa kwesondo, uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi ubuhlalu bugcina isondo ekulahlekelweni ukucindezela futhi bunikeza ungqimba oluvikelayo.

Ukuphepha ngenkathi ushayela

Ukushayela ezindaweni ezihlukene, amathayi amahle azokugcina uphephile. Naka ukunyathela, indawo yamasondo kanye nongqimba lwenjoloba. Kuphinde kuthinte ukusebenza, ukunethezeka kokushayela kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nezinga lomsindo okhiqizwa yiwo wonke amathayi. Kodwa-ke, uma incane, ikhululeka nakakhulu phakathi namahora amade okushayela. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokugibela, hlola isimo samasondo—ukudonsa kwamasondo, isimo sentambo yensimbi nanoma yikuphi ukuguga okubukeka kabi. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke amasondo esizini, ehlobo nasebusika. Zonke zazo, nakuba zakhiwe ngokuhlukile, zinezakhiwo ezifanayo, futhi ukwakheka kwesondo akufani kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Isondo lemoto liyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu esihlanganisa izingqimba eziningana. Bonke banomsebenzi wabo - kanye ne-viscose, ne-polyester, kanye ne-lamella banesibopho sento ethile, okusho ukuthi bayathinta induduzo yokushayela. Nokuphepha, okubalulekile endabeni yamasondo emoto. Izixazululo zokuklama zithuthukisiwe, kodwa abakhiqizi cishe abazange basho igama lokugcina. Uma kuziwa endabeni yokwakhiwa kwamasondo, ngokuqinisekile siyomangala izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Lapho uthenga amathayi amasha, qaphela hhayi kuphela ubukhulu bamathayi, kodwa futhi nobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.