Isekhethi yejeneretha yemoto

Okuyisisekelo kakhulu umsebenzi generator - ukushajwa kwebhethri ibhethri namandla okunikezwa kwamandla kagesi wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Ngakho-ke, ake sihlolisise i-generator circuitungayixhuma kanjani kahle, futhi unikeze namathiphu okuthi ungazihlola kanjani wena.

Umkhiqizi Indlela eguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi. Ijeneretha inomgodi lapho kugitshezwe khona i-pulley, lapho ithola khona ukuzungezisa kusuka ku-ICE crankshaft.

1. Ibhethri elishajekayo
2. Okukhipha i-generator "+"
3. Inkinobho yokushisa
4. Isibani senkomba yezempilo ye-Alternator
5. I-capacitor yokucindezela umsindo
6. I-Positive Power Rectifier Diodes
7. I-Negative Power Rectifier Diodes
8. "Isisindo" sejeneretha
9. Ama-diode ajabulisayo
10. I-Windings yezigaba ezintathu ze-stator
11. Ukunikezwa kwama-winding field, i-reference voltage yesilawuli sikagesi
12. I-Excitation winding (i-rotor)
13. Isilawuli se-Voltage

ijeneretha yomshini isetshenziselwa ukunika amandla abathengi bakagesi, njengalokhu: isistimu yokuthungela, ikhompuyutha esebhodini, ukukhanya komshini, uhlelo lokuxilonga, futhi kungenzeka futhi ukushaja ibhethri lomshini. Amandla ejeneretha yemoto yomgibeli acishe abe ngu-1 kW. amajeneretha omshini anokwethenjelwa ekusebenzeni, ngoba aqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwamadivayisi amaningi emotweni, ngakho-ke izidingo zawo zifanelekile.

Idivayisi ye-generator

Idivayisi yejeneretha yomshini isho ukuba khona kwesilungisi sayo kanye nesekethe yokulawula. Ingxenye ekhiqizayo yejeneretha, kusetshenziswa ukujikajika okungaguquki (i-stator), ikhiqiza amandla ashintshashintshayo ezigaba ezintathu, aphinde alungiswe uchungechunge lwama-diode ayisithupha amakhulu futhi amandla amanje aqondile ashaja ibhethri. I-alternating current ibangelwa inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo yama-winging (ezungeze insimu yokujikajika noma i-rotor). khona-ke i-current ngokusebenzisa amabhulashi nama-slip rings inikezwa kumjikelezo we-electronic.

Idivayisi ye-generator: 1. Nut. 2. Iwashi. 3.I-Pulley. 4. Ikhava yangaphambili. 5. Indandatho yebanga. 6. Irotha. 7. Stator. 8.Ikhava yangemuva. 9. Ibhokisi. 10. I-Gasket. 11. Umkhono ovikelayo. 12. Iyunithi yokulungisa ene-capacitor. 13. Isibambi sebhulashi nesilawuli se-voltage.

Ijeneretha itholakala ngaphambi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto futhi iqalwa kusetshenziswa i-crankshaft. Umdwebo wokuxhuma kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwejeneretha yemoto kuyafana kunoma iyiphi imoto. Yiqiniso, kukhona umehluko, kodwa ngokuvamile uhlotshaniswa nekhwalithi yezimpahla ezikhiqizwayo, amandla kanye nokuhlelwa kwezingxenye ze-motor. Kuzo zonke izimoto zanamuhla, amasethi e-generator amanje afakiwe, angafaki i-generator kuphela, kodwa futhi nomlawuli we-voltage. Umlawuli usabalalisa ngokulinganayo amandla amanje ku-winding field, kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi amandla e-generator azibeka ngokwawo ashintshashintsha ngesikhathi lapho i-voltage kumatheminali wamandla okukhiphayo ihlala ingashintshiwe.

Izimoto ezintsha zivame ukufakwa iyunithi kagesi ku-voltage regulator, ngakho-ke ikhompuyutha esebhodini ingakwazi ukulawula inani lomthwalo kusethi ye-generator. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezimotweni eziyi-hybrid, i-generator yenza umsebenzi we-starter-generator, uhlelo olufanayo lusetshenziswa kwezinye imiklamo yesistimu yokumisa isiqalo.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwejeneretha ye-auto

Umdwebo Connection generator Vaz 2110-2115

Umdwebo wokuxhumeka kwe-generator ukushintshana kwamandla kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. Ibhethri.
2. Ijeneretha.
3. Ibhulokhi ye-Fuse.
4. Ukuthungela.
5. Ideshibhodi.
6. Ibhulokhi yokulungisa kanye nama-diode engeziwe.

Isimiso sokusebenza silula, lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, futhi nge-switch ye-ignition idlula ebhokisini le-fuse, isibani sokukhanya, ibhuloho le-diode futhi idlule ku-resistor kuya ku-minus. Lapho ukukhanya kwedeshibhodi kukhanya, khona-ke i-plus iya ku-generator (kuya emaphethelweni e-excitation), khona-ke ngesikhathi sokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, i-pulley iqala ukujikeleza, i-armature nayo iyajikeleza, ngenxa yokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, i-electromotive force ikhiqizwa futhi i-alternating current ivela.

Okuyingozi kakhulu kujeneretha ukujikeleza okufushane kwamapuleti osinki okushisa axhunywe “kubuningi” kanye netheminali ethi “+” yejeneretha enezinto zensimbi ezibanjwe ngephutha phakathi kwazo noma amabhuloho ahambayo akhiwe ukungcola.

kuqhubekele kuyunithi yokulungisa nge-sinusoid ehlombe langakwesokunxele, i-diode idlula ukuhlanganisa, futhi susa kwesokudla. Ama-diode engeziwe esibani esikhanyayo asika ama-minus futhi atholakala kuphela ama-pluses, bese eya endaweni yedeshibhodi, futhi i-diode ekhona idlula kuphela ukukhishwa, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya kuyacima futhi ukuhlanganisa bese kudlula. i-resistor futhi iya ku-minus.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwejeneretha eqhubekayo yomshini singachazwa kanje: igagasi elincane eliqondile liqala ukugeleza nge-excitation winding, elawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula futhi igcinwe ezingeni elingaphezu kuka-14 V. Amajeneretha amaningi emotweni. zikwazi ukukhiqiza okungenani ama-ampere angama-45. I-generator igijima ku-3000 rpm nangaphezulu - uma ubheka isilinganiso sobukhulu bamabhande ama-fan ama-pulleys, khona-ke kuyoba amabili noma amathathu kuya kweyodwa maqondana nemvamisa yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Ukuze ugweme lokhu, amapuleti nezinye izingxenye ze-generator rectifier zimbozwe ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele ngesendlalelo se-insulating. Kumklamo we-monolithic weyunithi yokulungisa, amasinki okushisa ahlanganiswa ikakhulukazi namapuleti afakayo enziwe ngezinto ezivikelayo, aqiniswe ngemigoqo yokuxhuma.

khona-ke sizocabangela umdwebo wokuxhuma wejeneretha yomshini usebenzisa isibonelo semoto ye-VAZ-2107.

Umdwebo wezintambo we-generator ku-VAZ 2107

Uhlelo lokushaja lwe-VAZ 2107 luncike ohlotsheni lwe-generator esetshenzisiwe. ukuze ushaje ibhethri ezimotweni ezinjengalezi: VAZ-2107, Vaz-2104, Vaz-2105, ezisenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ye-carburetor, i-generator yohlobo lwe-G-222 noma okulingana nayo ngokukhipha okwamanje okungama-55A. okudingekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto ze-VAZ-2107 ezinenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yomjovo zisebenzisa i-generator 5142.3771 noma i-prototype yayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-generator yamandla eyandisiwe, ene-80-90A yamanje okukhiphayo. ungaphinda ufake amajeneretha anamandla anamandla okubuya angafika ku-100A. Amayunithi okulungisa kabusha kanye nezilawuli zikagesi zakhelwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-alternator; ngokuvamile zenziwa endlini eyodwa ngamabhulashi noma akhiphekayo futhi agxunyekwe phezu kwendlu ngokwayo.

Uhlelo lokushaja lwe-VAZ 2107 lunomehluko omncane kuye ngonyaka wokukhiqiza imoto. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona kwesibani sokulawula ukushaja, esitholakala kuphaneli yensimbi, kanye nendlela exhunywe ngayo kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-voltmeter. Lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezine-carbureted, kanti uhlelo alushintshi ezimotweni ezinemijovo yama-ICE, luyafana nalezi zimoto ezake zakhiwa ngaphambilini.

Izimpawu ze-generator:

1. I-“Plus” yesilungisi samandla: “+”, V, 30, V+, BAT.
2. “Ground”: “-”, D-, 31, B-, M, E, GRD.
3. Okukhiphayo kwenkundla: W, 67, DF, F, EXC, E, FLD.
4. Isiphetho sokuxhuma nesibani sokulawula ukusebenza kahle: D, D+, 61, L, WL, IND.
5. Okukhiphayo kwesigaba: ~, W, R, ST.
6. Okukhiphayo kwephoyinti elinguziro lokujika kwe-stator: 0, MP.
7. Okukhiphayo kwesilawuli sikagesi sokuyixhuma kunethiwekhi esebhodini, ngokuvamile ebhethrini elithi “+”: B, 15, S.
8. Okukhiphayo kwesilawuli sikagesi ukuze kunikwe amandla kusukela kuswishi yokuthungela: IG.
9. Okukhiphayo kwesilawuli sikagesi sokuyixhuma kukhompyutha esebhodini: FR, F.

Uhlelo generator Vaz-2107 uhlobo 37.3701

1. Ibhethri le-accumulator.
2. Ijeneretha.
3. Isilawuli samandla kagesi.
4. Ibhulokhi yokukhweza.
5. I-ignition switch.
6. I-Voltmeter.
7. Isibani sokulawula ukushajwa kwebhethri elishajekayo.

Uma ukuthungela kuvuliwe, i-plus esuka kwilokhi iya ku-fuse No. 10, bese iya ku-relay yesilambu sokulawula ukushajwa kwebhethri, bese iya koxhumene naye kanye nasekuphumeni kwekhoyili. Ukuphuma kwesibili kwekhoyili kuhlangana nokuphumayo okuphakathi kwesiqalisi, lapho kuxhunywe khona amawindi amathathu. Uma oxhumana nabo be-relay bevaliwe, isibani sokulawula sivuliwe. Lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqalwa, ijeneretha ikhiqiza amandla amanje futhi i-voltage eshintshanayo engu-7V ivela kumawindings. I-current igeleza ikhoyili edluliswayo bese i-armature iqala ukuheha, kuyilapho abathintwayo bevuleka. I-Generator No. 15 idlula okwamanje ku-fuse No. 9. Ngokufanayo, i-excitation winding ithola amandla nge-brush voltage generator.

Uhlelo lokushaja lwe-VAZ olunama-ICE womjovo

Uhlelo olunjalo lufana nezikimu zakwamanye amamodeli we-VAZ. Ihluke kunangaphambili ngendlela yokuthakazelisa nokulawula ukusebenza kwe-generator. Kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isibani esikhethekile sokulawula kanye ne-voltmeter kuphaneli yensimbi. Futhi, ngesibani sokushaja, ukuvuswa kokuqala kwejeneretha kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala komsebenzi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-generator isebenza "ngokungaziwa", okungukuthi, ukuthakazelisa kuya ngokuqondile ekuphumeni kwe-30. Uma ukuvutha kuvuliwe, amandla nge-fuse No. 10 aya esibani sokushaja kuphaneli yensimbi. ngokuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa ibhulokhi ekhuphukayo ingena ekuphumeni kwama-61. Ama-diode amathathu engeziwe anikeza amandla kusilawuli se-voltage, sona sona siwadlulisele kumawindi ajabulisayo ejeneretha. Kulokhu, isibani sokulawula sizokhanya. Kungaso kanye isikhathi lapho ijeneretha izosebenza ezingcwecweni zebhuloho elilungisa izinto lapho amandla ogesi azoba phezulu kakhulu kunalawo ebhethri. Kulesi simo, isibani sokulawula ngeke sishise, ngoba i-voltage ehlangothini lwayo kuma-diode engeziwe izoba ngaphansi kunaseceleni kwe-stator winding futhi ama-diode azovala. Uma ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-generator isibani sokulawula sikhanyisa phansi, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi ama-diode engeziwe aphukile.

Ihlola ukusebenza kwejeneretha

Ungahlola ukusebenza kwejeneretha ngezindlela eziningana usebenzisa izindlela ezithile, isibonelo: ungabheka i-voltage yokubuya yejeneretha, ukwehla kwe-voltage ocingweni oluxhuma ukuphuma kwamanje kwejeneretha ebhethrini, noma uhlole i-voltage elawulwayo.

Ukuze uhlole, uzodinga i-multimeter, ibhethri lomshini kanye nesibani esinezintambo ezidayisiwe, izintambo zokuxhuma phakathi kwejeneretha nebhethri, futhi ungathatha i-drill enekhanda elifanele, njengoba kungase kudingeke uvule i-rotor. nati ku-pulley.

Isheke lokuqala elinesibani nesibani se-multimeter

Umdwebo wezintambo: ukuphela kokuphumayo (B+) ne-rotor (D+). Isibani kufanele sixhunywe phakathi kwe-generator enkulu ephumayo B + kanye no-D + contact. Ngemuva kwalokho, sithatha izintambo zamandla bese sixhuma "i-minus" ku-terminal engalungile yebhethri kanye nomhlabathi we-generator, "plus", ngokulandelana, ekuhlanganiseni kwe-generator kanye nokuphuma kwe-B + ye-generator. Siyilungisa ku-vice futhi siyixhume.

"IMisa" kufanele ixhunywe kokugcina kakhulu, ukuze ingafinyeleli ibhethri.

Sivula umhloli kumodi ye-voltage engaguquki (DC), sixhuma i-probe eyodwa ebhethri ku-"plus", okwesibili futhi, kodwa ku-"minus". ngokuqhubekayo, uma konke kusebenza ngokuhlelekile, khona-ke ukukhanya kufanele kukhanye, i-voltage kuleli cala izoba ngu-12,4V. Khona-ke sithatha i-drill bese siqala ukuvula i-generator, ngokulandelana, ukukhanya kuzoyeka ukuvutha, futhi i-voltage izobe isivele i-14,9V. Bese sengeza umthwalo, sithathe isibani se-halogen se-H4 bese silenga kutheminali yebhethri, kufanele ikhanyise. Khona-ke, ngokulandelana okufanayo, sixhuma i-drill kanye ne-voltage ku-voltmeter izovele ibonise i-13,9V. Kumodi yokwenziwa, ibhethri elingaphansi kwesibani linikeza i-12,2V, futhi uma sivula i-drill, bese kuba ngu-13,9V.

Isifunda sokuhlola i-generator

Akunconyiwe neze:

1. Hlola ijeneretha ukuthi iyasebenza yini ngomjikelezo omfishane, okungukuthi, “ukuthola inhlansi”.
2. Ukuvumela, ukuze i-generator isebenze ngaphandle kokuvulwa kwabathengi, akuthandeki futhi ukusebenza nebhethri linqanyuliwe.
3. Xhuma itheminali ethi “30” (kwezinye izimo B+) phansi noma itheminali ethi “67” (kwezinye izikhathi D+).
4. Yenza umsebenzi wokushisela emzimbeni wemoto ngezintambo zejeneretha nebhethri zixhumekile.