I-Sulfuric acid iqhuba ugesi?

I-Sulfuric acid iyikhemikhali etholakala ezindlini eziningi namabhizinisi. Ingabe iyawuhambisa ugesi? Ingabe ukugxila okuphezulu kuthinta ukuqhutshwa kwayo kukagesi? I-sulfuric acid isetshenziselwa ini uma ihambisa ugesi? Ngaphambi kokuchaza kabanzi, nansi impendulo emfushane:

Yebo i-sulfuric acid isimilos ugesi Kuhle kakhulu. Empeleni, inesicelo esikhethekile ngenxa kagesi wayo ophakeme abasebenziI-Vity. Nokho, inolaka kakhulu, ngakho kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha.

Qaphela! I-sulfuric acid iyinto edla kakhulu. Iyalimaza lapho ithinta isikhumba noma amehlo, noma uma ihogelwe. Ukuchayeka kakhulu kukho kungaholela ngisho nasekufeni. Yiphathe ngokucophelela.

Yini eyenza i-sulfuric acid iqhube ugesi?

I-Autoprotolysis kanye ne-ionization

I-Sulfuric acid, i-mineral acid enefomula yamakhemikhali H₂SO₄iqukethe i-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo nesibabule. Iwuketshezi olungenambala, olungenaphunga, olune-viscous oluxubana namanzi. Ikhono le-sulfuric acid lokuqhuba kahle ugesi kungenxa yenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-autoprotolysis. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho i-protonation (ukudluliselwa kwe-proton) kwenzeka phakathi kwama-molecule afanayo, okuvumela ukuhlukana.

Lapho i-sulfuric acid incibilika emanzini, ikhambi lifakwa i-ionized ngokuhlukaniswa libe yi-hydrogen (H.₃O⁺) kanye ne-sulfate (HSO₄^-) ama-ions. Yilawa ma-ion athwala amashaji futhi awavumele ukuthi aqhube ugesi. Lapho ifakwa emanzini, i- sulfuric acid iba umqhubi kagesi ongcono nakakhulu, okwenza ube usizo kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi. Ngaphambi kokuba singene kuwo, ake sibone ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukugxilisa ingqondo ekutheni i-sulfuric acid iwenza kahle kangakanani ugesi.

Ingabe ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-sulfuric acid kuyenza isebenze ngogesi?

I-Dilute sulfuric acid ine-sulfuric acid engaphansi kuka-30% ngobuningi, kuyilapho i-sulfuric acid egxilile inama-98%. Ungase ucabange ukuthi i-sulfuric acid egxilile ingaba umqhubi kagesi ongcono kunefomu le-dilute, kodwa akunjalo.

I-sulfuric acid egxilile ine-conductivity kagesi ephansi kune-dilute sulfuric acid. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncipha kwe-H⁺ ngakho₄^2- ions ngendlela egxilile. Ukugxila okuphezulu kuyenza iminyene kune-dilute sulfuric acid, kodwa ukuqhutshwa kwayo kukagesi kuyancishiswa. I-Dilute sulfuric acid isebenza kakhulu ngogesi ngenxa yokwanda kwe-H⁺ ions.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid njengomqhubi

Ukuqapha kuqala

Ukuqapha kuyadingeka lapho usebenza nanoma yini equkethe i-sulfuric acid ngoba iyingozi futhi igqwala kakhulu. Kungabangela ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kugxilwe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezilandelayo:

• Sebenzisa isivikelo sesandla njengamagilavu.
• Gqoka iphinifa elivikelayo.
• Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha noma gqoka i-visor yobuso.

Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi

I-sulfuric acid inemisebenzi eminingi. Isibonelo, isetshenziswa ezindlini njengesicoci se-drain noma isicoci sesitsha sendlu yangasese. Embonini yamakhemikhali, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto zokunamathisela, okokuhlanza, izibulala-zinambuzane, namanye amakhemikhali; ebuthweni, isetshenziselwa ukwenza iziqhumane. Ibuye isetshenziswe kwezolimo, upende, ukuphrinta, izimoto nezinye izimboni. Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu.

Iningi lalezi zicelo zihlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukucwiliswa kwe-oxidation. Kodwa i-sulfuric acid nayo iwusizo kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zikagesi. Lokhu kuhlolwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

I-sulfuric acid njenge-electrolyte

Okunye okuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zayo zikagesi kumabhethri e-lead-asidi ezimotweni nakwezinye izimoto. Ebhethrini le-asidi eholayo, i-sulfuric acid isetshenziswa njenge-electrolyte ebhethrini lemoto uma ixutshwe namanzi. Ngakho-ke, akugcini nje ukuqhuba ugesi, kodwa futhi iyakwazi ukuqongelela imali kagesi.

Inqobo nje uma i-voltage yokushaja isetshenziswa ebhethrini le-lead-acid, ihlukana ibe ngamapheya ama-ion aphambene, okungukuthi iphozithivu nenegethivu. Ama-ion ayaphoqeleka ukuthi ahlukane ngenkathi i-current igeleza ibe yi-positive pole. Uma ishajwe ngokugcwele, isixazululo se-electrolyte (bheka umfanekiso ngezansi) sinokugcwala okuphezulu kwe-sulfuric acid efomini eliwuketshezi. Igcina iningi lamandla amakhemikhali. Ibhethri libe seliphuma lapho lixhumeke ekulayisheni. Ibhethri le-lead-acid lisiza ukuqala imoto ngenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Ukufingqa

I-Sulfuric acid iqhuba ugesi noma cha? Sachaza ukuthi ukwenza kahle kakhulu. Sibonise ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa i-autoprotolysis, yachaza ukuthi ingaqhuba kanjani ugesi ngokusebenzisa i-ionization ye-hydrogen ions kanye ne-sulfate ions, nokuthi ukugxila okuphansi emanzini kwenza i-sulfuric acid ikwazi ukuqhutshwa ngogesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sichaze ukuthi i-sulfuric acid isetshenziswa kanjani njenge-electrolyte kumabhethri e-lead-acid.

Bheka ezinye zezihloko zethu ngezansi.

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• I-nitrogen ihambisa ugesi
• I-Isopropyl alcohol yenza ugesi