Isihlungi se-particle. Sika noma cha?
Izihlungi ze-Turbo diesel particle ngokuvamile zenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle, zengeze izindleko ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile bayanqunywa, kodwa lesi akusona isixazululo esingcono kakhulu.
Umlando wezihlungi zezimoto, ezithwebula izinhlayiya ezivela kumagesi aphumayo - umle nomlotha, uhlehlela emuva ku-1985. Babehlonyiswe ngama-turbodiesel amathathu-litre kwaMercedes, abe esethengiswa eCalifornia. Kusukela ngo-2000, baye baba indinganiso izimoto French ukukhathazeka PSA, futhi eminyakeni eyalandela base ngokuya esetshenziswa ezimotweni zezinye izinhlobo. Lezi zinhlobo zezihlungi ezifakwe kumasistimu wokukhipha udizili zibizwa nge-DPF (kusuka kwesiNgisi "isihlungi se-diesel particulate") noma i-FAP (kusuka "kuzinhlayiya zesihlungi") zesiFulentshi.
Kwamukelwe amazinga amabili ahlukene ezihlungi zezinhlayiya zikadizili. Esokuqala izihlungi ezomile, ezingasebenzisi uketshezi olwengeziwe ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kwe-soot. Ukusha kwenzeka ngokulawula umjovo ngendlela efanele futhi unikeze uphethiloli owengeziwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kukhiqizwe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu legesi yokukhipha umoya nokushiswa kokungcola okunqwabelene kusihlungi. Izinga lesibili izihlungi ezimanzi, lapho uketshezi olukhethekile oluthathiwe ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwamagesi okukhipha umoya kunciphisa izinga lokushisa lomlilo lamadiphozithi esihlungi. Ukushiswa ngemuva kokushiswa kuvame ukubandakanya ama-injection afanayo anikezela uphethiloli enjinini. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa i-injector eyengeziwe eklanyelwe kuphela ukuhlanza isihlungi ngokushisa i-particle matter.
Ngombono, yonke into ibonakala iphelele. Izinhlayiya ze-soot nomlotha zingena esihlungini, futhi lapho sigcwaliswa ezingeni elifanele, i-electronics ibonisa isidingo sokushisa ukungcola. Ama-injection aletha inani elikhulayo likaphethiloli, izinga lokushisa lamagesi e-exhaust liyakhuphuka, umsizi nomlotha uyasha, futhi konke kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho imoto ihamba ezimweni ezishintshayo zomgwaqo - kokubili edolobheni nangaphandle komgwaqo. Iqiniso liwukuthi inqubo yokushisa isihlungi idinga imizuzu embalwa yokushayela njalo, isivinini esiphezulu, esingenzeka kuphela emgwaqeni omkhulu. Cishe alikho ithuba elinjalo edolobheni. Uma imoto ishayelwa amabanga amafushane kuphela, inqubo yokutubeka ngeke iqedwe. Isihlungi sigcwele ngokweqile, futhi uphethiloli oweqile wehla ngezindonga zesilinda ku-crankcase futhi uhlambulule uwoyela wenjini. Amafutha aba mncane, alahlekelwa izakhiwo zawo futhi izinga lawo liyakhuphuka. Iqiniso lokuthi isihlungi sidinga ukushiswa siphawulwa yinkomba yokukhanya kudeshibhodi. Awukwazi ukuziba, kungcono ukuphuma edolobheni futhi uthathe uhambo olude kakhulu ngesivinini esinconywayo. Uma singakwenzi lokho, kuzodingeka uye esikhungweni senkonzo ukuze ushise isihlungi endaweni yokusebenzela bese ushintsha uwoyela ngomunye omusha.
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Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalesi sidingo kuholela esimweni esibi kakhulu - ukuvala ngokuphelele isihlungi se-particle (injini isebenza kuphela kwimodi ephuthumayo, isihlungi kufanele sishintshwe) kanye nethuba "lokwesula" noma ukugcwala okuphelele kwenjini. Sengeza ukuthi izinkinga ngesihlungi zivela ku-mileage ehlukene, kuye ngokuthi imodeli yemoto kanye nendlela yokusebenza kwayo. Ngezinye izikhathi isihlungi sisebenza ngokungenasici ngisho nangemva kwe-250-300 km eyizinkulungwane, ngezinye izikhathi iqala ukwenza izinto eziyinqaba ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
Inani elikhulu labashayeli basebenzisa izimoto ukuhamba amabanga amafushane. Izimoto zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuya emsebenzini noma esikoleni kuphela. Yilaba basebenzisi abathintwa kakhulu izinkinga ezihlobene nesihlungi se-particle. Ukuchitha imali kumawebhusayithi kusebenzisa izikhwama zemali, ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi bafuna inketho yokususa isihlungi esinesisindo esibi. Ayikho inkinga ngalokhu, ngoba imakethe ijwayele ukubhekana namaqiniso futhi izitolo eziningi zokulungisa zinikeza izinsizakalo ezihlanganisa ukusika into eyinkinga. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukususa isihlungi sezinhlayiya akukho emthethweni. Imithethonqubo ithi akuvumelekile ukushintsha ukwakheka kwemoto eshiwo ngokwesivumelwano. Futhi lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesihlungi se-particle, esiphawulwe futhi ku-nameplate. Kodwa abanikazi bezimoto abaphelelwe ithemba bayawushaya indiva umthetho ngenxa yezimali zabo. Isihlungi esisha se-particle sibiza kusuka kokumbalwa kuye ku-PLN 10. Imiphumela yokushiswa kwakhe ngaphansi ibiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, baya ezinkulungwaneni zemihlangano yokufundisa ehlinzeka ngenkonzo yokusika isihlungi se-DPF, bazi ukuthi ukutholwa kwaleli qiniso ngamaphoyisa emgwaqeni, noma ngisho nodokotela wokuxilonga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngezikhathi ezithile, cishe kuyisimangaliso. Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke ama-mechanics alungile, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukususa isihlungi nakho kuyinkinga.
Isihlungi se-particle singasikwa ngama-zloty angamakhulu ambalwa, kodwa ukususa kukodwa ngeke kuyixazulule inkinga. Kusasele indaba yezinto zikagesi. Uma ishiywe ingashintshiwe, uhlelo lokuphatha injini luzoqopha ukungabikho kwayo. Ngemva kokunquma, umshini ungashayela ngamandla aphelele futhi ungabonisi izinkinga ngokukhanya kwenkomba. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uzokucela ukuthi ushise isihlungi esingekho ngokomzimba futhi ufake injini kumodi ephuthumayo. Kusazoba nenkinga "yokumpompa" uphethiloli owengeziwe kumasilinda kanye namafutha enjini ahlanjululwayo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho unquma ukusika isihlungi se-particle, udinga ukuxhumana ne-workshop ehloniphekile ezohlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe obugcwele benkonzo enjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kokukhipha isihlungi, siphinde sivumelanise kahle izinto zikagesi ukuze zibe nesimo esisha. Kuphakathi kokuthi uzobuyekeza isofthiwe yomshayeli wenjini ngokufanele, noma uzokwethula i-emulator efanele ekufakweni, empeleni "ukukopela: i-electronics on-board." Amakhasimende egaraji ngezinye izikhathi akhonjwa omakhenikha abangathembekile abangakwazi noma abangafuni ukushintsha izinto zikagesi nakuba bekhokhisa imali ngakho. Ukuze uthole insizakalo yokukhipha izihlungi ezinobungcweti ngokufaka i-emulator efanelekile, kuzodingeka ukhokhe ukusuka ku-PLN 1200 ukuya ku-PLN 3000, kuye ngemodeli yemoto. Kumaqiniso ethu, ukungabikho kwesihlungi sezinhlayiya kunzima ukukubona. Ngisho nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwesimiso sokukhipha umoya yiphoyisa noma isazi sokuxilonga akusivumeli ukuba siphethe ngokuthi isihlungi sinqanyuliwe. Izilinganiso zentuthu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngezikhathi ezithile esiteshini sokuxilonga ngeke futhi zivumele ukutholwa kwesihlungi, ngoba ngisho nenjini enezinhlayiya ezisikiwe zizothobela izindinganiso zamanje. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi awekho amaphoyisa noma odokotela abanentshisekelo kakhulu kuzihlungi ze-DPF.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula futhi ukuthi ukukhishwa kwesihlungi sezinhlayiya akukho emthethweni, nakuba kuze kube manje kunokungajeziswa. Uma othile engagculisekile ngomthetho, mhlawumbe ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kuzokwenzeka. Phela, ama-DPF afakwe ngenxa yemvelo kanye nekhwalithi yomoya sonke esiwuphefumulayo. Ngokususa isisefo esinjalo, siba oshevu abafanayo nalabo abashisa amabhodlela epulasitiki kuhhavini. Kakade esigabeni sokukhetha imoto, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi udinga ngempela i-turbodiesel nokuthi kungcono yini ukukhetha inguqulo kaphethiloli. Futhi uma sithenga imoto enenjini ye-diesel, kufanele sibekezelele ukuba khona kwesihlungi se-diesel particulate futhi sigxile ngokushesha ekulandeleni izincomo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okungenazinkinga.
