Isihlungi sezinhlayiya siyidivayisi encane, enomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanzekeni komoya

Ziyini izinhlayiya ze-aerosol? 

Emadolobheni ngesikhathi sezimoto eziningi, izinto ezingcolisayo eziningi, kuhlanganise nezinhlayiya, zisemoyeni. Umthombo wabo omkhulu izinjini zikadizili. Izinhlayiya azilutho kodwa umule, onobuthi. Ayinakubonwa ngeso lenyama, kodwa ingena ngokushesha ohlelweni lokuphefumula lomuntu, lapho ingangena khona ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukuchayeka ngokweqile ezinhlayiyeni kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.

Isihlungi Sezinhlayiya Zedizili kanye Nokukhishwa Kokuphuma Kwegesi

Ukuze kuncishiswe inani lezinhlayiya zezinhlayiya ezisemoyeni, kuye kwethulwa izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-exhaust, eziye zanciphisa kakhulu inani lezinhlayiya ze-soot emkhathini. Ukuze bahlangabezane nazo, abakhiqizi bezimoto kwakudingeka babhekane nokuhlunga kwegesi ephumayo. Ngama-90s, amaFulentshi aqala ukusebenzisa kakhulu izihlungi zezinhlayiya. Lapho i-Euro 2005 standard yethulwa ngo-4, yaphoqelela ukusetshenziswa kokuhlunga cishe kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha. Izinga le-Euro 5, elaqala ukusebenza ngo-2009, alibandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezinjalo.

Izinga lakamuva le-Euro 6d-temp lisho ukuthi isihlungi se-diesel particulate (i-DPF noma isihlungi se-GPF) sifakwa kakhulu futhi hhayi ezinjinini zikadizili kuphela, kodwa nasezinjinini zikaphethiloli - ikakhulukazi lezo ezifakwe umjovo oqondile wamafutha.

Siyini isihlungi se-particle?

Isihlungi se-particle sibizwa nangokuthi i-FAP - kusukela ku-French expression filtre à particles noma i-DPF, kusukela ku-English - particulate filter. Njengamanje, isifinyezo se-GPF siyasetshenziswa, i.e. isihlungi se-diesel particulate.

Lona umshini omncane oyingxenye yesistimu yokukhipha umoya wemoto. Ifakwe ngemuva kwesiguquli se-catalytic futhi inohlobo lwekani elinesihlungi sezinhlayiya ngokwaso. Umzimba wenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali esezingeni eliphezulu. Iqukethe izindlu zokuhlunga ze-ceramic ezakhiwe ngamashaneli avaliwe ahlelwe ngokuhambisana. Amashaneli akha igridi eminyene futhi avaliwe ohlangothini olulodwa, ashintshana ukusuka kokufakwayo noma ohlangothini lokuphumayo.

Ezihlungini ze-DPF, izindonga zesiteshi zenziwe nge-silicon carbide, ehlanganiswe ne-aluminium ne-cerium oxide, futhi izinhlayiya ze-platinum, insimbi ebiza kakhulu ehloniphekile, zifakwe kuzo. Nguye owenza ukuthengwa kwesihlungi sezinhlayiya kubize kakhulu. Intengo yesihlungi iyehla uma le platinum iyindlala.

Sisebenza kanjani isihlungi se-particle?

Ezinjinini zikadizili, izinhlayiya eziqinile zakha ngobuningi ngesikhathi injini iqala futhi uma injini isebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi, njengasebusika. Ziyingxube yomsizi, izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe nama-hydrocarbons angashiswanga. Ngenxa yokuthi imoto ine-DPF particulate filter, izinhlayiya ezinjalo ziyabanjwa futhi zigcinwe yiyo. Umsebenzi wakhe wesibili ukuwashisa ngaphakathi kwesisefo.

Amagesi okukhipha amanzi angena kusihlungi sezinhlayiya kufanele abhoboze izindonga zamapayipi okungenisa ukuze kungene imigudu yokukhipha umoya. Ngesikhathi sokugeleza, izinhlayiya ze-soot zihlala ezindongeni zokuhlunga.

Ukuze isihlungi se-diesel particulate sisebenze kahle, kufanele sibe neyunithi yokulawula injini ezoyilawula. Isekelwe kuzinzwa zokushisa ngaphambi nangemva kwesihlungi kanye nezinkomba ze-broadband lambda probe, eyazisa ngekhwalithi yamagesi e-exhaust avela kule ngxenye yemoto. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwesihlungi kunenzwa yokucindezela ebophezelekile ekuboniseni izinga lokugcwalisa kwayo nge-soot.

Isihlungi se-DPF - izimpawu zokuvala

Ungase usole ukuthi isihlungi se-diesel particulate asisebenzi kahle futhi siyavaleka uma ubona ukwehla kwamandla enjini noma iyunithi yokushayela ingena esimweni esiphuthumayo. Cishe uzoqaphela ukukhanya okukhomba kudeshibhodi okubonisa ukuthi isihlungi se-diesel particulate sigcwele umule. Izimpawu nazo zingahluka ngokuphelele.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi isihlungi se-diesel particulate esivalekile sizobangela ukwenyuka okungalawuleki kwesivinini senjini kanye nokubamba ngokushesha. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka futhi uma zingekho izimo ezifanele zokushiswa kwezinhlayiya zomsizi ngaphakathi kwesihlungi. Lokhu kwenzeka uma imoto isetshenziselwa uhambo olufushane. Lapho inqubo yokushiswa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile iphazamiseka, uphethiloli ongashisiwe ungena emafutheni, okwandisa inani lawo futhi ulahlekelwe izakhiwo zawo zangempela. Lokhu kusheshisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezingxenye zenjini. Uma kunamafutha amaningi, azongena ekamelweni elivuthayo ngokusebenzisa i-pneumothorax, okungaholela emonakalweni omkhulu.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma isihlungi se-particle sivalekile?

Uma uthola ukuthi isihlungi se-particle sivalekile, unezinketho ezimbili:

• ukuvakashela ishabhu yemishini ukuze ubuyisele le ngxenye. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isevisi ngeke ibe eshibhile - isihlungi sezinhlayiya sibiza ama-zloty angamakhulu amaningana, futhi ukukhushulwa okunjalo akusizi isikhathi eside;
• buyisela isihlungi se-particle engasebenzi ufake esisha. Ngeshwa, intengo yalesi sici semoto ayiphansi futhi isukela ku-3 kuya ku-10 XNUMX. i-zloty.

Abanye abashayeli, befuna ukonga imali, banquma ukususa isihlungi se-diesel particulate emotweni yabo, kodwa khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuphambene nomthetho. Kuphambene nomthetho ukukhipha isisefo sezinhlayiya emotweni. Uma umsebenzi onjalo utholwa ngesikhathi kuhlolwa imoto, ungase ulahlekelwe isitifiketi sakho sokubhalisa futhi uthole isigqebhezana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushayela ngaphandle kwesisefo kunomthelela ekwandeni kokungcola kwensisi emoyeni owuphefumulayo. Ngakho-ke, udalula wonke umuntu oseduze kwakho ezifweni zokuphefumula.