I-Hybrid Ephelele Kunazo Zonke Ezake Zenziwa

I-hybrid yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-BMW Eqinisweni, bekuwukubonakaliswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu.

Izinkampani zezimoto zivame ukudweba izithombe zokuphelela ekukhishweni kwazo kwabezindaba, kepha empeleni azikwazi ukubikezela inkambo yemicimbi yomhlaba futhi zihlele indlela yazo ngendlela efanelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi izinguquko zidinga ukwenziwa endizeni, kwesinye isikhathi ngokushesha, kwesinye isikhathi hhayi ngokwanele. Kunoma ikuphi, beza nesipiliyoni esingenakulinganiswa, futhi ukuvela kohlelo lwe-BMW hybrid luyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Izulazula ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ize ithole lawo mafomu acacile, ukuveza imizwa nezinhlamvu ezithile ezinazo njengamanje.

Inqubo yokwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani kawoyela, eyaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1993 futhi yaqhubeka ngokushesha phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo, yamangaza abahlaziyi abaningi futhi yabangela izinguquko ezinkulu embonini yezimoto. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-BMW isivele inezinjini zedizili ezisebenza kahle, kodwa lezi zimoto zahlala zibalulekile emakethe yaseYurophu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Toyota iphikelele ohlelweni lwabo lwe-hybrid, oluthembeke kakhulu futhi lwashintshela kuLexus kanokusho. Selokhu kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngo-1997, ngokwethulwa kwePrius yokuqala ngo-XNUMX kanye nokwandiswa kancane kancane kwe-hybrid lineup yakwaToyota, le nkampani ayizange inanaze nakanye. Lapho amanani kawoyela eqala ukwenyuka, inkampani ekugcineni yakwazi ukuzuza umvuzo wokuzikhandla nokubekezela kwayo. By the way, ngisho namanje, ngemva ihlazo diesel (akukacaci ukuthi kungani iToyota igwema ukusebenzisa amabhethri amakhulu kanye nemisebenzi replaceable). KwaToyota izinkampani ezifana noBMW bezingafuni nokuyizwa indaba, nabaphathi abaningi bakwaGM abafana noBob Lutz bebeze babagcone.

I-co-op yomhlaba jikelele

Kwakunezizathu ezizwakalayo zokwethulwa kweBMW Project i ngo-2007. Lapho sekucaca ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwentengo kawoyela kwakushesha futhi kuzinzile futhi kwahlola ubukhona bonke bemboni yezimoto njengoba kwakunjalo ngaleso sikhathi, izinkampani eziningi zashintsha indlela ezibheka ngayo ubuchwepheshe be-hybrid. Phakathi kwabo, iBMW, ngokusobala ayikakulungeli okwenzekayo. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngomqhudelwano oqondile uDaimler-Benz, okwathi njengamanje wasayina isivumelwano sokwakha uhlelo lwe-hybrid ne… GM. Yebo, kungazwakala kungajwayelekile, kepha empeleni i-GM yayinobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obudingekayo ngoba isigaba sayo sokudlulisa i-Allison sase sivele sakha uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-hybrid lwamabhasi eNew Flyer. Ngo-2005, abantu ababephethe kwaBMW banquma ukujoyina ukuhlangana neBMW futhi ngalokho baqala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubambisana kwe-global hybrid.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wonjiniyela bezinkampani ezintathu kwaba "ukunciphisa" okuyinkimbinkimbi yesistimu yebhasi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Two-Mode Hybrid" - ubuchwepheshe obufana kakhulu nobuchwepheshe beToyota ngamajeneretha amabili emoto kanye negiya leplanethi elihlangene, kodwa ekusebenzeni okuningi. . iphelele ngoba ibinamagiya eplanethi engeziwe abengeza amagiya angashintshi ohlelweni. Zontathu izinkampani zenza umzamo omkhulu, kodwa ekugcineni, ngenxa yokusebenzisana, kwazalwa iBMW ActiveHybrid X6, ngokulandelana. I-Mercedes ML450 Hybrid ne-Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zamuva ezivela kwezinye izigaba ze-GM. Uhlobo lweBMW enenjini enamandla engu-XNUMX cylinder direct-injection biturbo sekuyiyona ehamba phambili kuzo zonke.

Kwasheshe kwabacacela kwaMercedes nakwaBMW ukuthi lolu hlelo ngeke lube yisixazululo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubunzima bezici kanye nezizathu zalokhu cishe kwaziwa kuphela kubantu abavela emazingeni aphezulu ezinkampani ezimbili, kodwa mhlawumbe okuyinhloko ukuthi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwalubiza kakhulu. Ngo-2011, isibonelo, i-Active Hybrid X6 bekufanele ibize u-€103, kuyilapho leyo esetshenziselwa i-X000 6i ibiza "kuphela" €50.

Kuze kube namuhla, abakwa-BMW bakushaya indiva indaba yayo yonke i-dual-mode hybrid odyssey futhi bakushaya indiva leli qiniso emlandweni wabo. Izimpendulo zisuka kokuthi "umfelandawonye ne-Mercedes kanye ne-GM ehilela ukuthuthukiswa kuphela" kuye kokuthi "sizuze ulwazi oluningi." Nalapho, inhloko yezocwaningo nentuthuko, u-Klaus Draeger, akazange angene emininingwaneni washintsha wagxila eqinisweni lokuthi uhlelo lwe-dual-mode luyisixhumanisi esisodwa kubuchwepheshe obuningi obuxubile umnyango wakhe osebenza ngabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, konke lokhu akuguquli ukubaluleka kwesixazululo esiyingqayizivele sobuchwepheshe, okuye kwabonakala sengathi sisebenza kakhulu kuze kube manje, futhi iqiniso lokuthi akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside kwakha i-aura eyengeziwe ye-mysticism ezungezile. Namuhla, amathathu kuphela ama-BMW ActiveHybrid X6 angatholakala kusizindalwazi esikhulu se-mobile.de.

Ama-nzalo asebenzayo: ayini?

Ngisho nangesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-ActiveHybrid X6, iMercedes neBMW bebevele belandela igatsha elihlukile lokuziphendukela kwemvelo lamanye amamodeli we-hybrid. Umfutho obambisene wokubambisana uholele ekwakhiweni ngokuhlanganyela kwezinguqulo zokuqala ze-S-Class (S400 Hybrid) kanye neBMW Active Hybrid 7. Zombili lezi zimoto besezivele zinamabhethri alayini-ion, izinto zokwabelana zikagesi ezabelwana ngezwekazi kanye nokwakhiwa okuhambisanayo nebhethri elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisiwe. ekuhambiseni imoto kagesi. Ngemuva kwabo, lezi zinkampani zombili zagcina sezizibekele indlela yazo, okuholele ekutheni zivele njengamanje ngesabelo esiphakeme kakhulu sikagesi kudrayivu nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-plug-in hybrid nge-pure drive kagesi.

Kepha ake singazihambeli thina. Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lesi-6, abakwa-BMW nabakwaMercedes babesenombono ohlukile womqondo wokushayela i-hybrid. Kakade ngezindlela ezimbili, uhlelo lweMercedes 'hybrid lubhekisa kubashayeli abalinganiselayo besebenzisa injini yomjikelezo we-Atkinson yamasilinda ayisithupha, futhi kwasetshenziswa iyunithi efanayo kwi-S-Class. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abakwa-BMW babheka uhlelo lwe-hybrid exotic, okufanele isetshenziswe njengesisusa esengeziwe sezinjini futhi hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi zibe zimbi kakhulu izimfanelo ezinamandla, kepha futhi ibe yibhonasi kulokhu. Kulo mongo, isiqubulo esithi ActiveHybrid sasinengqondo ngempela futhi abaklami bangeza imoto kagesi ezimotweni zabo ezinamandla. Kokubili i-ActiveHybrid X7 (bheka ibhokisi) ne-ActiveHybrid 4,4 zinikwe amandla yinjini enkulu engama-407 litre 2009 bhp biturbo. Futhi ngenkathi imoto kagesi ibisengu-2013 kW kuphela kusuka ku-01 kuye ku-7 ukukhiqizwa kwe-F15 Series 3 futhi isanikeza ukudonsa okuthe xaxa lapho isheshisa, ku-ActiveHybrid 30 (F5) naku-ActiveHybrid 10 (F306). kuya enjini eyisilinda eyisithupha engu-40 hp turbo. kwanezelwa i-torque enesihluku yemoto kagesi engu-5 kW, exhunywe ku-gearbox onejubane eziyisishiyagalombili. Lapho isheshisa isuka ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angaphezu kwe-100 iye ku-1 km / h, zombili lezi zimoto zibonise izimfanelo ezinamandla ezinamandla. Umbuzo ohlukile ukuthi konke lokhu kungahlala isikhathi esingakanani ngamabhethri anomthamo cishe we-XNUMX kWh.

Kodwa-ke, lefilosofi ngokusobala ayisebenzanga, ngoba womathathu amamodeli awaphumelelanga emakethe. I-ActiveHybrid Week yanqanyulwa eminyakeni emine kamuva, kwathi i-ActiveHybrid 5 no-3, eyethulwa ngo-2011 nango-2012, ngokulandelana, yaphila impilo emfushane futhi yaphela ukubakhona ngo-2015. Kwakukhona nefilosofi entsha eyayichazwe yimikhombandlela yeProject i, eyayingasafaki amayunithi kaphethiloli anamandla amakhulu, kepha izinhlobonhlobo ezincane ezine kuphela zamasilinda (ngisho ne-X5 kanye no-Series 7), ahambisana nama-motors kagesi anamandla kakhulu, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla amakhulu. umthamo omkhulu nekhono lokuhamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-40 ku-drive kagesi kuphela. Lokhu kuyizimo zezikhathi, futhi naseYurophu, nezintela zayo zemvelo emadolobheni amaningi aseYurophu, le filosofi yayiphelele. Ngenkathi kuqubuka ihlazo lokukhishwa kukadizili, izinkampani eziningi, kufaka phakathi iBMW, ziveze le mikhiqizo yezithombe eyenzelwe ukugcwalisa uhla.

I-hybrid yemodi emibili yeBMW izohlala ingubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele

I-ActiveHybrid X6 isewumsebenzi wobunjiniyela wobuciko, ngeshwa ibiza kakhulu. Uhlelo lunikeza ukunethezeka okungenakuqhathaniswa, futhi ukuthamba kokusuka kwenye imodi ukuya kwenye futhi usuka kwelinye igiya uye kwelinye kumnandi kakhulu ukwedlula lokho okuhamba phambili kwamagiya ayisishiyagalombili e-ZF. Ihlanganisa izinjini ezimbili ezifana nezakwaToyota futhi izisebenza ngokwazo, kodwa inamagiya angashintshi - into uToyota abasanda kuyethula nge-hybrid yabo yezigaba eziningi. Ngeshwa, le modeli yebhethri ye-nickel-metal hydride ibe nesisindo esingama-250 kg ngaphezu kozakwabo ovamile, naphezu kokuntuleka kweziqinisi ezisebenzayo kanye nokumiswa okuguquguqukayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-electronics anamandla anamandla, atholakala ngaphansi kwejazi lemvula elikhulu kukhava yangaphambili, alawula ukugeleza kwamandla nokukhetha imodi ngokunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa. Ingabe konke kwakunengqondo? Impendulo inguyebo ngokuphelele. Emjikelezweni wokuhlola wangempela wezimoto nezemidlalo, okuhlanganisa isivinini esikhulu, i-ActiveHybrid X6 ibonise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okumangalisayo okungu-9,6 amalitha. Lapho ushayela edolobheni, amanani angaba ngu-9,0 l / 100 km ayengenzeka. Lokhu kwakuwubufakazi bangempela kubadali besistimu ye-hybrid yemodi emibili kanye nabaklami baseBavaria. Kodwa-ke, lena imodeli egcwele usayizi weSUV enesisindo esingamathani amabili nesigamu, enengaphambili elikhulu namathayi anobubanzi ... 325 millimeters.

Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev