Ibutho lezempi elinamandla kunawo wonke?
Isabelomali esilinganiselwe soMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US sonyaka wezimali ka-2019 singama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-686, sikhuphuke ngo-13% sisuka kwisabelomali sika-2017 (esokugcina esiphasiswe yiCongress). IPentagon iyindlunkulu yoMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US.
NgoFebhuwari 12, uMongameli waseMelika uDonald Trump wethula kuCongress isiphakamiso somthethosivivinywa wesabelomali sonyaka wezimali ka-2019 ozosebenzisa cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-716 kwezokuvikela izwe. UMnyango Wezokuvikela kufanele ube nesamba sezigidigidi ezingama-686 zamaRandi, sikhuphuke ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-80 (13%) kusukela ngo-2017. Lesi yisabelomali sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni we-United States - ngemuva konyaka wezimali ophakeme ka-2011, lapho iPentagon yayinezigidigidi ezingama-708 zamaRandi. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka isithangami sabezindaba, uTrump waveza ukuthi i-United States izoba “nebutho elingakaze libe nalo” nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali eyengeziwe ezikhalini ezintsha nasekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe kuwumphumela wosongo olubangelwa iRussia neChina.
Ekuqaleni kwalokhu kuhlaziywa, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi e-United States, ngokungafani, isibonelo, ePoland noma emazweni amaningi omhlaba, unyaka wentela (isabelomali) awuhambisani nonyaka wekhalenda, ngakho-ke, sikhuluma. mayelana nesabelomali sika-2019, nakuba kwaze kwaba muva nje sigubhe ukuqala kuka-2018. Unyaka wentela kahulumeni wase-US uqala ngo-Okthoba 1 wonyaka odlule wekhalenda ukuya ku-30 Septhemba walo nyaka, ngakho-ke uhulumeni wase-US okwamanje (March 2018) maphakathi nonyaka wezimali ka-2018, okungukuthi i-US yokuvikela ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngonyaka ozayo.
Isamba semali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-686 siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Esokuqala, esibizwa nge-Defence Base Budget, sizoba ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-597,1 futhi, uma sigunyazwa yiCongress, ngokwegama sizoba isabelomali esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wase-US. Insika yesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwezempi yangaphandle (i-OVO), ibekwe ku-$ 88,9 billion, okuyinani elibalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nalolu hlobo lokusebenzisa imali ngo-2018 ($ 71,7 billion), okuyinto, nokho, , iyancipha ngombono "wempi" ka-2008, lapho kwabelwa i-OCO u-$186,9 billion. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, uma kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemali okusele okuhlobene nokuvikeleka kwezwe, inani eliphelele elihlongozwayo emthethweni wesabelomali ngale njongo lingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-886, imali ephakeme kakhulu kule ndawo emlandweni we-United States. Ngaphezu kwalezi zigidigidi ezingama-$686 ezishiwo ngenhla, lo mphumela uhlanganisa nezingxenye ezithile zesabelomali ezivela eMnyangweni Wezindaba Zomakadebona, Wezifundazwe, Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya, Wezobulungiswa, kanye Nophiko Lwezokuphepha Lwenuzi Kazwelonke.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphatha kukamongameli kunokwesekwa okungaguquki kweCongress kumongo wokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezokuvikela. Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, kwafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni samaqembu ahlukene, okwathi ngawo kwanqunywa ukuthi isikhashana (onyakeni wentela ka-2018 no-2019) kumiswe indlela yokuthatha ezinye izinto zesabelomali, okuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwezokuvikela. Isivumelwano, esifinyelela ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-1,4 zamaRandi (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-700 ngonyaka wezi-2018 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-716 ngonyaka wezi-2019), sisho ukwenyuka komkhawulo wokusebenzisa lezi zinhloso ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-165 uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhawulo yangaphambilini ngaphansi koMthetho wokulawulwa kwesabelomali kusukela ngo-2011. , kanye nezivumelwano ezilandelayo. Isivumelwano ngoFebhuwari savula ukuphathwa kukaTrump ukuze kunyuswe ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezokuvikela ngaphandle kwengozi yokudala indlela yokuqolwa, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-2013, kwaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ezinkampanini zemboni yezempi neyokuvikela.
Izizathu zokwenyuka kwezindleko zezempi zase-US
Ngokwamazwi womabili kaDonald Trump ngesikhathi senkomfa yabezindaba yangoFebhuwari 12 ngesabelomali kanye nolwazi loMnyango Wezokuvikela, isabelomali sika-2019 sibonisa isifiso sokugcina inzuzo yezempi ngaphezu kwezitha ezinkulu zase-US, i.e. China kanye Russian Federation. Ngokomcwaningi mabhuku woMnyango Wezokuvikela u-David L. Norquist, isabelomali esisalungiswa sisekelwe emicabangweni mayelana namasu okuvikeleka kuzwelonke kanye nokuvikela izwe okukhona njengamanje, okungukuthi nobuphekula. Uveza ukuthi kuya ngokuya kucaca ukuthi iChina neRussia bafuna ukubumba umhlaba ngokwezimiso zabo zobukhosi futhi, kule nqubo, bathathe indawo yokuhleleka okukhululekile nokuvulekile okwaqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuchuma komhlaba wonke ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II.
Ngempela, nakuba izinkinga zobuphekula kanye nokuba khona kweMelika eMpumalanga Ephakathi kugcizelelwe kakhulu emibhalweni eshiwo ngenhla, indima enkulu kubo idlalwa usongo oluvela "kumbangi wamasu" - iChina neRussia, "ephula imingcele. emazweni angomakhelwane." yabo. Ngemuva kunezifunda ezimbili ezincane, okuvunywa ukuthi, azikwazi ukusongela i-United States, iDemocratic People's Republic of Korea kanye ne-Islamic Republic of Iran, iWashington eyibona njengomthombo wokungabikho kozinzo ezifundeni zabo. Kuphela endaweni yesithathu ku-National Defence Strategy usongo lwamaqembu amaphekula okukhulunywe ngawo, naphezu kokunqotshwa kwalabo okuthiwa. Isimo samaSulumane. Imigomo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzivikela yilena: ukuvikela indawo yase-United States ekuhlaselweni; ukugcina inzuzo yamabutho ahlomile emhlabeni nasezifundeni ezibalulekile zombuso; ukuvimbela isitha ekuhlaseleni. Icebo lilonke lisekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi i-United States manje isiphuma esikhathini "se-strategic atrophy" futhi iyaqaphela ukuthi ukuphakama kwayo kwezempi ngaphezu kwezimbangi zayo ezinkulu kunciphile eminyakeni yamuva.
