Ibhande lezokuphepha
Ibhande noma isethi yamabhande, akhipheka kalula uma elaya, aklanyelwe ukubophela umuntu esihlalweni ukuze amvikele uma kwenzeka ingozi, noma kunoma yikuphi ukuvikeleka ngokuphepha esihlalweni ngokulindele ukwehla okukhulu. Ithola ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu uma ihlanganiswe ne-airbag.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, amabhande aye athuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene: ekuqaleni, ayengahlonywanga ngisho ne-reel, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwakungalungile, ngokuvamile kungasebenzi, kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, akuzange kuvumele ogqokile ukuba ahambe. Khona-ke, ekugcineni, ama-reels afika, futhi ukuze athuthuke nakakhulu, zonke izindlu zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezingaqinisa ibhande ngesikhathi sengozi engenzeka (ama-pretensioners).
Ithuluzi eliyigugu lokuphepha emgwaqeni futhi namuhla akubona bonke abawagqokayo. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, amakhaya amaningi asebenzisa ama-buzzers azwakalayo aphoqa ngisho nabahlaseli abaphinda kakhulu ukuthi bafake ibhande. Lesi sixazululo sithandwa kakhulu yi-Euro NCAP, enikeza amaphuzu ebhonasi ezivivinyweni zabo ezidumile zokuphahlazeka ezimotweni ezihlome ngazo.
Amabhande ezihlalo ayizinto eziqanjiwe ezineminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ubudala: aqala ukugunyazwa ngumuntu ongumFulentshi uGustave Desiree Liebau (owawabiza ngokuthi "amabhande ezihlalo") ngo-1903. Kodwa-ke, isivinini esingesikhulu kakhulu sezimoto zangaleso sikhathi kanye nobungozi bokuphelelwa umoya (izinto ezisetshenziswa kabi kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi) zabangela ukuthi idivayisi ihlakazeke ngendlela enganele.
Ngo-1957, ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-motorsport, lapho nabo badlala indima ekusekeleni umzimba ngokusheshisa kwe-lateral, bafakwa kwezinye izimoto, nakuba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu njengesivivinyo kunokuqinisekisa ukuthi into iwusizo ngempela. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlolwa yayibhekwa njengenhle kakhulu, futhi ngo-1960 uchungechunge lokuqala lwamabhande ezihlalo lwakhululwa emakethe. Ikakhulukazi bekuthiwa amabhande ezihlalo uma efakwe ngendlela azonciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokushayisa isifuba isiteringi uma kwenzeka ibhuleka kungazelelwe.
Ngo-1973, iFrance yamemezela ukuthi amabhande ezihlalo ayimpoqo ngokomthetho. Kamuva, wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga, okuhlanganisa ne-Italy, alandela umthetho we-transalpine (e-United States of America, izwe lokuqala ukuwenza abe yimpoqo kwakuyiMassachusetts ngo-1975).
