Ukuqondanisa - hlola izilungiselelo zokumiswa ngemva kokushintsha amathayi

Uma imoto idonsela ngakwesobunxele noma kwesokudla lapho ushayela iqonde endaweni eyisicaba, noma okubi nakakhulu - amathayi ashaya ngokushintshana, khona-ke udinga ukuhlola ukuqondanisa.

Ijometri yamasondo ithinta ngqo ukuphepha. Inhloso yokulungiswa kwemoto ukukhulisa ukubambelela kwemoto emgwaqeni kanye nokuqina kwamasondo nokulengiswa. Kuphinde kuthinte ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokunethezeka kokushayela. Lapho ulungisa i-geometry yamasondo, umgomo uwukusetha i-engeli elungile ye-camber kanye nokuhambisana kwesondo. Ama-engeli amane ayinhloko ayalungiseka: i-camber angle, i-engeli yozwane, i-engeli ye-knuckle yokuqondisa kanye ne-engeli ye-knuckle yokuqondisa.

Bheka futhi: Amathayi asehlobo - nini ukushintsha futhi hlobo luni lokunyathela ongalukhetha? Umhlahlandlela

I-Camber angle

I-engeli enyakazayo i-engeli ye-yaw yesondo njengoba ibhekwa ngaphambili emotweni. I-camber eyeqile idala ukuguga kwamasondo angalingani.

I-Positive camber yilapho ingaphezulu lesondo lincike kude nemoto. I-engeli ephozithivu eningi kakhulu izogqoka indawo engaphandle yesondo lokunyathela. I-negative camber yilapho ingaphezulu lesondo lincike emotweni. I-engeli enegethivu eningi kakhulu izogqoka ingaphakathi lokunyathela kwesondo.

I-engeli efanele ye-lean isethwe ukuze amasondo emoto alale phansi lapho ephenduka. Uma umehluko phakathi kwama-engeli e-camber ku-axle yangaphambili mkhulu, imoto izovame ukudonsa kanzima eceleni.

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Ukuqondanisa isondo

Uzwane umehluko webanga phakathi kwamasondo angaphambili nangemuva ku-ekseli. I-engeli yozwane ithinta indlela imoto eziphatha ngayo lapho isongwa. I-Toe-in yilapho ibanga phakathi kwamasondo e-axle lincane ngaphambili kunangemuva. Lesi simo sidala ukuthi imoto ishone phansi uma ingena ekhoneni, okusho ukuthi ijwayele ukuphonsa ingaphambili lomzimba ekhoneni.

Bheka futhi: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto zasebusika eziyishumi - ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho? 

Ukungena ezinzwaneni eziningi kakhulu kubonakala njengokuguga, kuqala emaphethelweni angaphandle. Umehluko uvela lapho ibanga eliphakathi kwamasondo e-asili engemuva lilincane kunangaphambili. I-Divergence idala i-oversteer emakhoneni, okusho ukuthi ingemuva lemoto lithanda ukuphuma ekhoneni bese ishelela phambili ekhoneni.

Lapho amasondo ehlukana, ukuguga kwe-tread kuzoqala ngaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lokugqoka lubizwa ngokuthi ukugqoka futhi ungaluzwa ngokucacile ngokuhambisa isandla sakho phezu kokunyathela.

I-Engeli yokuqondisa

Lena i-engeli eyakhiwe iqupha lokuqondisa elinomugqa oqondile obheke phansi, olinganiswa nge-eksisi ephambanayo yemoto. Endabeni yezimoto ezinezikhonkwane zebhola (amahinge), lona umugqa oqondile odlula eksisi yokujikeleza kwalezi zikhonkwane lapho uphenduka.

Ibanga lamaphoyinti akhiwe yiphaseji ngendiza ye-eksisi yomgwaqo: iphini lokuqondisa ne-camber, libizwa ngokuthi i-turning radius. Irediyasi ejikayo ilungile uma ukuphambana kwalezi zimbazo kungaphansi kwendawo yomgwaqo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sincipha kanjani uma zilala phezulu.

Ukulungiswa kwalesi pharamitha kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi esisodwa nokulungiswa kwe-engeli yokujikeleza kwesondo. Izimoto zesimanje zisebenzisa i-radius ejikayo engalungile, ekuvumela ukuthi ushayele uqonde lapho ubhuleka, ngisho noma elinye lama-brake circuit lilimele..

Bheka futhi: Ukumiswa kwemoto - isibuyekezo ngemuva kwesinyathelo sasebusika ngesinyathelo. Umhlahlandlela 

I-Engeli yokuqondisa

Ukunwetshwa kwephinikhodi ye-knuckle kubangela umzuzu wokuzinza kusukela ekuphenduleni kwe-lateral komhlaba, okusiza ukusimamisa amasondo aqondisayo, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu kanye ne-radius enkulu ephendukayo.

Le engeli ichazwa ngokuthi iphozithivu (i-knuckle in) uma indawo yokuphambana kwe-axis ye-pivot nomgwaqo iphambi kwendawo okuthintana kuyo phakathi kwesondo nomgwaqo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-stall (i-knuckle braking angle) yenzeka lapho iphuzu lokuphambana kwe-axis yequpha lokuqondisa nomgwaqo lenzeka ngemva kwendawo yokuthinta isondo nomgwaqo.

Ukusetha kahle isondo lokuqondisa ngaphambili kuvumela amasondo emoto ukuthi abuyele ngokuzenzakalela endaweni yomugqa oqondile ngemuva kokujika.

Chofoza ukuze ubuke izithombe zokulungisa i-camber

Ukulahleka kokuqondisa kwesondo

Ukushintsha kwejiyomethri yamasondo emoto, nakuba kwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile, kungabangelwa ukushayisana kwamasondo anonqenqema noma ukushayisana ngesivinini esikhulu embotsheni yomgwaqo. Futhi, ukusebenza kwemoto emigodini, ukukhahlameza komgwaqo kusho ukuthi izinkinga zokuqondisa amasondo zizokwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqondisa amasondo nakho kuphukile ngenxa yengozi.

Kodwa ukuqondanisa kwesondo kungashintsha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokugqoka okuvamile kwezingxenye ezimisiwe ezifana namasondo amasondo, izikhonkwane ze-rocker nezinduku zokubopha.

Ukuqondanisa amasondo kulungiswa ngokubheka ukuqondanisa kwesondo nokuliqhathanisa nezicaciso ezinikezwe umenzi wemoto.

Bheka futhi: Ukukhetha into epholile - uchwepheshe uyeluleka 

Ukusetha i-camber efanele kuwumsebenzi olula, kodwa awukwazi ukwenziwa ekhaya noma egaraji. Lokhu kudinga idatha yemboni efanele namathuluzi akhethekile. Konke ukulungiswa kokumiswa kuthatha imizuzu engama-30. Izindleko zayo - kuye ngokuthi imoto - cishe kusukela PLN 80 kuya 400.

Ngokusho kukangoti

UMariusz Staniuk, ongumnikazi wesitolo sezimoto se-AMS Toyota kanye nesevisi e-Słupsk:

- Ukuqondanisa kufanele kulungiswe ngemuva kokushintshwa kwesondo lesizini. Futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ikakhulukazi manje, lapho ushintsha amathayi asebusika abe yihlobo. Ngemuva kobusika, lapho izimo zokushayela ziqinile kunezinye izinkathi zonyaka, izingxenye zokumiswa nokuqondisa zivame ukuhluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-geometry kufanele ihlolwe lapho ufaka amathayi amasha emasondweni. Futhi kuyadingeka ngempela ukuya ekulungiseni lapho sibona ukuthi isondo lesondo liguga ngokungalungile, i.e. uhlangothi olulodwa luguga ngokushesha, noma lapho ukunyathela kunqanyuliwe. Olunye uphawu oluyingozi lokungaqondani okungalungile ukuklabalasa lapho ujika ekhoneni noma udonsa imoto eceleni lapho ushayela iqonde. Ijiyomethri nayo idinga ukuhlolwa lapho imoto ilungiswa kakhulu, njengokushunwa kokumiswa. Futhi futhi lapho ushintsha izakhi zokumiswa ngazinye - ngokwesibonelo, ama-bushings noma iminwe ye-rocker, izingalo ze-rocker ngokwazo noma iziphetho zenduku.

Wojciech Frölichowski 

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