Ibhethri liyakhishwa - indlela yokuxhuma nokusebenzisa ama-jumper ngendlela efanele

Kuyabanda ngaphandle nemoto ngeke ivume. Isimo esingesihle esingenzeka kunoma ngubani. Iphutha ngokuvamile i-acc ebuthakathaka. ibhethri lemoto elikhishiwe ngokuvamile elima ukusebenza phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuzosiza noma ukushaja ngokushesha ibhethri lemoto (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yimvuselelo, uma kukhona isikhathi nendawo), ukuyifaka esikhundleni sesibili, noma usebenzise ama-leashes bese uqala ukushayela ngemoto yesibili.

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani ibhethri yemoto iyeka ukusebenza phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika.

Isizathu sokuqala iminyaka nesimo sakhe. Amanye amabhethri a-odwa eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu ngemva kokuthengwa kwemoto entsha, amanye azohlala iminyaka eyishumi. Isimo esibuthakathaka sebhethri yemoto sizibonakalisa kahle ngezinsuku ezineqhwa, lapho amandla kagesi aqoqiwe ehla kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa lehla.

Isizathu sesibili ukuthi imishini kagesi eminingi ivuliwe phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Lapha kubalwa amawindi afudumalayo, izihlalo, izibuko noma isiteringi imbala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini zikadizili zinezibandisi ezishisisa ngogesi, njengoba zona ngokwazo zikhiqiza ukushisa okuncane.

Le heater kagesi epholile isebenza ngenkathi injini isezingeni lokushisa futhi idla ugesi omningi okhiqizwa i-alternator. Kusukela kulokhu osekushiwo, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuze ushaje ibhethri yemoto ebuthakathaka ekuqaleni, kuyadingeka ukwenza idrayivu ende - okungenani i-15-20 km. Endabeni yezimoto ezihlangene ezinenjini encane kaphethiloli kanye nemishini ebuthakathaka, ukushayela kwe-7-10 km kwanele.

Isizathu sesithathu ukuhamba njalo okufushane ngenjini ebandayo. Njengoba sekushiwo esigabeni esandulele, okungenani 15-20 km resp. 7-10 km. Ohambweni olufushane, asikho isikhathi esanele sokushaja kahle ibhethri yemoto, futhi iyaphuma kancane kancane - iba buthaka.

Isizathu sesine esenza ibhethri yemoto iyeke ukusebenza phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika amandla aphezulu okuqalisa okubandayo. Amapulagi akhanyayo enjini eqandisiwe made kancane, njengoba kunjalo nesiqalo ngokwaso. Uma ibhethri yemoto ibuthakathaka, injini efriziwe izoqala kuphela ngezinkinga noma ingaqali nhlobo.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ibhethri lemoto liphule ukulalela ngisho nasezinyangeni ezifudumele. Ibhethri lemoto lingakhishwa futhi ezimweni lapho i-el. imoto, imoto ayisebenzi isikhathi eside, futhi amanye amadivayisi asebenzisa okuncane kodwa okuqhubekayo ngemuva kokucisha, kwenzeke iphutha (isifunda esifushane) ku-elektroniki yemoto, noma ukwehluleka kokushaja kwe-alternator kwenzeke, njll.

Ukukhishwa kwebhethri kungahlukaniswa ngamazinga amathathu.

1. Ukukhishwa okuphelele.

Njengoba besho, imoto ayizwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhiya okuphakathi akusebenzi, isibani asingeni lapho kuvulwa umnyango, futhi isibani sesexwayiso asifikeki lapho kukhanyiswa. Kulokhu, ukwethulwa kunzima kakhulu. Njengoba ibhethri liphansi, udinga ukuqondisa kabusha konke kusuka kwenye imoto. Lokhu kusho izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zekhwalithi (ukujiya) kwezintambo zokuxhuma namandla anele webhethri yemoto ukuqala injini yemoto engasebenzi ekhishiwe.

Endabeni yebhethri yemoto ekhishwe ngokuphelele, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi impilo yayo yesevisi incipha ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lapho ikhishwe ngokuphelele, cishe ayinakusetshenziswa. Ngokwenzayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe imoto enjalo ingaqalwa, ibhethri lemoto ligcina amandla kagesi amancane kakhulu ku-alternator, futhi uhlelo lukagesi lwemoto empeleni luphila kuphela kumandla akhiqizwa i-alternator.

Ngakho-ke, kunengozi yokuthi lapho ushintsha inani elikhulu likagesi osebenzisa amandla. imishini ingase ibe nokwehla kwamandla kagesi - ijeneretha ayisebenzi, okungaholela ekuvaleni kwenjini. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ngeke uyiqale injini ngaphandle kosizo (amakhebula) ngemuva kokucisha injini. Ukuze ugcine imoto isebenza, ibhethri idinga ukushintshwa.

2. Cishe ukukhishwa okuphelele.

Endabeni yokukhishwa okucishe kuphelele, imoto lapho uthi shazi ibukeka kahle. Ezimweni eziningi, le yindlela okusebenza ngayo ukukhiya okuphakathi, amalambu akhanya eminyango, kuthi lapho kukhanyiswa, amalambu okuxwayisa akhanyiswe bese kuvulwa uhlelo lokulalelwayo.

Noma kunjalo, inkinga ivela lapho izama ukuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho i-voltage yebhethri yemoto ebuthakathaka yehla kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho izibani zesikhombi (izibonisi) ziyaphuma bese kudluliswa noma kudluliswa igiya lokuqalisa. Njengoba ibhethri linamandla amancane kakhulu, amandla amaningi adinga ukuqondiswa kabusha ukuqala imoto. amandla avela kwenye imoto. Lokhu kusho izidingo ezikhuphukile zekhwalithi (ukujiya) kwezintambo ze-adaptha namandla anele ebhethri lemoto ukuqala injini yemoto engasebenzi ekhishiwe.

3. Ukukhishwa okuncane.

Endabeni yokukhishwa okuyingxenye, imoto iziphatha ngendlela efanayo nakwisimo esedlule. Umehluko kuphela ovelayo lapho uzama ukumisa imoto. Ibhethri lemoto linenani elikhulu likagesi. amandla akwazi ukuphotha ukuqala. Kodwa-ke, i-starter motor ijikeleza kancane futhi ukukhanya kwezinkomba ezikhanyisiwe (izibonisi) kuyehla. Lapho uqala, i-voltage yebhethri lemoto yehla kakhulu, futhi noma ngabe i-starter ijikeleza, azikho izinguquko ezanele zokuqalisa injini.

Izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi (i-ECU, umjovo, izinzwa, njll.) Azisebenzi kahle kuma-voltages aphansi, okwenza kube nzima ukuqala injini. Kulokhu, kudingeka ugesi omncane kakhulu ukuqala. amandla, futhi ngenxa yalokho izidingo zamakhebuli e-adapter noma umthamo webhethri yemoto yemoto esizayo ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo ezedlule.

Ukusetshenziswa okulungile kwama-leashes

Ngaphambi kokuxhuma izintambo, hlola i-acc. hlanza izindawo lapho amatheminali ekhebula azoxhunywa khona - oxhumana nabo be-acc yebhethri yemoto. ingxenye yensimbi (uhlaka) engxenyeni yenjini yemoto.

1. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqala imoto okuzothathwa kuyo ugesi. Ngenjini engekho emotweni esizayo, kunengozi yokuthi ibhethri elishajiwe lemoto lizoba namanzi kakhulu ngenxa yokusizwa kwebhethri yemoto ekhishiwe, futhi ekugcineni imoto ngeke iqale. Lapho imoto ihamba, enye i-alternator igijima futhi iqhubeke nokushaja ibhethri lemoto elishajiwe emotweni esizayo.
2. Ngemuva kokuqala imoto esizayo, qala ukuxhuma izintambo zokuxhuma ngale ndlela elandelayo. Umthamo omuhle (ovame ukuba bomvu) uqala ukuxhumeka kupali oqondile webhethri yemoto ekhishiwe.
3. Okwesibili, ukuhola okuhle (okubomvu) kuxhuma esigxotsheni esihle sebhethri lemoto elishajiwe emotweni esiziwe.
4. Bese uxhuma ukuphela okungalungile (okumnyama noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) esigungwini esingesihle sebhethri lemoto elishajiwe emotweni esiziwe.
5. Eyakamuva ixhunywe kutheminali enegethivu (emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) engxenyeni yensimbi (uhlaka) engxenyeni yenjini yemoto engasebenzi enebhethri lemoto efile. Uma kunesidingo, itheminali enegethivu nayo ingaxhunywa kutheminali enegethivu yebhethri yemoto ekhishiwe. Nokho, lokhu kuxhumana akunconywa ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunengozi yokuthi inhlansi ekhiqizwe lapho itheminali ixhunyiwe, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ibangele umlilo (ukuqhuma) ngenxa yentuthu evuthayo ephuma ebhethrini lemoto elichithiwe. Isizathu sesibili ukwanda kokumelana nesikhashana, okwenza buthaka inani lamanje elidingekayo ukuze kuqalwe. Isiqalisi sivamise ukuxhunywa ngqo kwibhulokhi yenjini, ngakho ukuxhuma ikhebula elinegethivu ngqo enjinini kuqeda lokhu kumelana ne-crossover. 
6. Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izintambo zixhunywe, kunconywa ukwandisa ijubane lemoto esizayo okungenani ku-2000 rpm. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-idling, amandla okushaja nokukhuphuka kwamanje kancane, okusho ukuthi amandla amaningi ayadingeka ukuqala injini ngebhethri yemoto ekhishiwe.
7. Ngemuva kokuqalisa imoto ngebhethri yemoto ekhishiwe (ekhishiwe), kuyadingeka ukunqamula izintambo zokuxhuma ngokushesha okukhulu. Banqanyuliwe ku-oda elingemuva lokuxhumeka kwabo.

Ukuthandwa okuningi

• Ngemuva kokusebenzisa izintambo, kungakuhle ukuthi ungavuli amadivayisi ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okwandisiwe (amawindi ashubile, izihlalo, uhlelo lomsindo olunamandla, njll.) Kumakhilomitha ayi-10-15 alandelayo. isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokuqala okulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, kuthatha amahora amaningi ukushayela ukushaja ngokugcwele ibhethri lemoto, futhi uma lokhu kungenzeki, ibhethri lemoto elibuthakathaka kufanele likhokhiswe kusuka kumthombo wangaphandle. izimpahla zikagesi (amashaja).

• Uma imoto eqalile iphuma ngemuva kokunqamula izintambo zokuxhuma, ishaja (enye into) ayisebenzi kahle noma kunephutha lezintambo.

• Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuqalisa ekuzameni kokuqala, kutuswa ukuthi ulinde cishe imizuzu emi-5-10 bese uzama ukuqala futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, imoto yokusiza kufanele ihlale ivuliwe futhi izimoto ezimbili kufanele zixhumeke komunye nomunye. Uma ihluleka ukuqalisa ngisho nangomzamo wesithathu, mhlawumbe elinye iphutha noma (udizili oqandisiwe, ukugcwala kwenjini yegesi - kudingeka kuhlanzwe ama-spark plug, njll.).

• Lapho ukhetha izintambo, awudingi ukubheka ukubukeka kuphela, kepha futhi nobukhulu bangempela babaqhubi bethusi ngaphakathi. Lokhu kufanele kuboniswe kupakethe. Ngokuqinisekile ungathembeli ekuhlolweni kwamehlo kwezintambo, ngoba abaqhubi abancane futhi imvamisa i-aluminium bavame ukufihlwa ngaphansi kokwehlukaniswa okunzima (ikakhulukazi esimweni sezintambo ezishibhile ezithengwe kumaphampu noma emicimbini yesuphamakethe). Izintambo ezinjalo azikwazi ukuthwala ezanele zamanje, ikakhulukazi uma zibuthaka kakhulu noma. Ibhetri yemoto ekhishwe ngokuphelele ngeke iqale imoto yakho.

• Ezimotweni zabagibeli ezinezinjini zikaphethiloli ezingafika kumalitha ayi-2,5, kunconywa izintambo ezinabaqhubi bethusi u-16 mm noma ngaphezulu.² futhi nokuningi. Ezinjini ezinomthamo ongaphezu kwamalitha angu-2,5 nezinjini ze-turbodiesel, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinobukhulu obungu-25 mm noma ngaphezulu.² nokuningi.

• Lapho uthenga izintambo, ubude bazo nazo zibalulekile. Ezinye zazo zingamamitha angu-2,5 kuphela ubude, okusho ukuthi zombili izimoto kufanele zisondelane kakhulu, okuyinto engenakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ubude bekhebula lokugxuma obuncane obungamamitha amane kuyanconywa.

• Lapho uthenga, kufanele uhlole nokwakheka kwamatheminali. Kumele zibe namandla, zibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi zibe namandla amakhulu okubamba. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokuthi ngeke bahlale endaweni efanele, bazowa kalula - ingozi yokubangela isifunda esifushane.

• Lapho wenza ukuqala okuphuthumayo ngamanye amandla wemoto, kufanele futhi ukhethe ngokucophelela izimoto noma umthamo webhethri yemoto yazo. Kungcono ukubheka umthamo, ubukhulu, noma amandla wenjini. Izimoto kufanele zifane ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kudingeka usizo lokuqala ngokwengxenye (ukukhishwa okuncane kwebhethri lemoto), khona-ke ibhethri elincane elivela ethangini likagesi elinamasilinda amathathu nalo lizosiza ukuqala imoto engasebenzi (ekhishiwe). Kodwa-ke, kuyadumaza kakhulu ukuthatha amandla ebhethri yemoto yenjini engu-litre ezintathu-cylinder bese uqala injini kadizili oyisilinda oyisithupha lapho ibhethri lemoto seliphumile ngokuphelele. Kulesi simo, ngeke nje uqale imoto ekhululiwe, kepha futhi uzokwazi nokukhipha ibhethri elisizayo ebelikhokhiswa ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengozi yokulimala kwebhethri lesibili lemoto (uhlelo lukagesi).