I-SUV yohlaka - kuyini? Idivayisi nomgomo wokusebenza. Isithombe nevidiyo

Njengoba sike sabhala kuwebhusayithi yethu iVodi.su, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweSUV kanye ne-crossover ubukhona be-All-wheel drive, ikesi lokudlulisa elinegiya lokunciphisa, umehluko we-interaxle noma we-interwheel ongacishwa, kanye I-SUV yangempela inohlaka lwenkampani yenethiwekhi.

Ngakho-ke kuphakama umbuzo, okuzocatshangelwa kulesi sihloko - luyini uhlaka kanye ne-SUV yohlaka?

Uhlaka lwemoto - idivayisi nenjongo

Kuze kube manje, ezivame kakhulu yizinhlobo ezilandelayo zezakhiwo zomzimba:

• ifreyimu;
• ngomzimba othwala umthwalo;
• ngohlaka oluhlanganisiwe.

Umehluko phakathi kwabo ubalulekile.

1. Esimweni sokuqala, uhlaka luyi-skeleton yemoto futhi zonke ezinye izingxenye zifakwe kuyo: ukumiswa, umzimba ngokwawo, wonke amayunithi.
2. Esimweni sesibili, i-cabin isebenza njengefreyimu futhi zonke izingxenye nemihlangano inamathele kuyo. Izimoto ezinohlaka oluhlanganisiwe zihluke ezimotweni zefreyimu ngoba ifreyimu ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nomzimba, okungukuthi, lokhu kuvumelana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zangaphambilini.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zohlaka lwemoto:

• ama-spars - ifreyimu iqukethe ama-spars - axhunywe nge-welding, ama-bolts noma ama-rivets - namalungu awela phakathi kwama-spars;
• umgogodla - isisekelo sohlaka yipayipi yokudlulisela, lapho konke okunye sekuvele kufakwe khona;
• i-fork-spinal - izimfoloko ezivela ku-spars zixhunywe kwipayipi yokudlulisela ukufakwa kwamayunithi amandla kubo;
• isisekelo esithwala umthwalo - ifreyimu ihlanganiswe nephansi lemoto, okuholela esiteji esithwala umthwalo lapho i-cab, amayunithi, ukumiswa kufakwe khona.

Ukunciphisa isisindo sezimoto zezemidlalo, amafreyimu we-tubular noma ama-lattice ashiselwe kusuka kumapayipi angasindi asetshenziswa. Lolu hlaka lufana ne-lattice, yingakho luthole igama.

Ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo zozimele luhlukaniswe ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezincane, cishe noma yimuphi umkhiqizi uzama ukuletha okuthile okungokwakhe ekwakhiweni.

Isibonelo, amafreyimu e-spar anomumo ongu-X, ayaphambana, amaladi, anqamula okumise okuka-X, njalo njalo. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi amaSUV amaningi akhelwe phezu kwesisekelo samafreyimu e-spar.

Uhlaka luyingxenye esinda kakhulu kunoma iyiphi imoto, ebalwa cishe Amaphesenti angu-15-20 ngesisindo. Yingakho ama-SUV ozimele angaba nesisindo esingamathani amathathu nesigamu, noma ngisho nangaphezulu, kuyilapho umkhuba namuhla uwukuthi abakhiqizi bazama ukunciphisa isisindo sonke semoto.

Izidingo eziningi zibekwe phambili kuhlaka lwezimoto zanamuhla, kufaka phakathi amaSUV:

• amandla - kufanele imelane nokugoba okuhlukahlukene, imithwalo ye-torsion;
• ukuqina - ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kuqinisekisa isikhundla esingaguquki sawo wonke ama-node anamathiselwe kuwo;
• ukukhanya - izinga lokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza imoto, kuncike kule parameter;
• ukugcinwa;
• ukukhiqizwa - lula ukukhiqiza kanye nokugcinwa.

Ngakho-ke, inhloso eyinhloko yohlaka lwe-SUV:

• thatha futhi usakaze umthwalo;
• gcina ukuhlelwa okufanayo kwamayunithi, izakhi zomzimba, ukuqondanisa kwama-axles namalunga wendawo yonke;
• ukudluliswa kwamandla ukusuka kumshini wokuqondisa, isistimu yamabhuleki, ama-axles kuya kusisindo esiphelele semoto.

Izinzuzo nezingozi zokwakhiwa kohlaka

Izimoto zokuqala zazinesakhiwo sohlaka. Izinto eziningi zishintshile kusukela ngalezo zikhathi, kodwa, njengoba sibona, onjiniyela abazange balahle uhlaka olusekelayo.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zayo?

Okokuqala, kulula kakhulu ukwenza, kulula kakhulu onjiniyela ukubala isakhiwo kanye nomklamo ifreyimu, kanye nezici zayo. Nakuba ukwakhiwa kwezimoto ezinomzimba we-monocoque kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokubala eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ikhwalithi yesibili ebalulekile ukunethezeka kwabagibeli ngokwabo. Lokhu kufezwa ngamajoyinti anwebekayo kanye nama-dampers erabha, njengamaphedi enjoloba aqinisiwe. Ama-SUV ozimele anokuvaleka komsindo okungcono nokuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza, njengoba yonke imithwalo esuka ekumisweni idluliselwa kuhlaka futhi ithotshiswe isistimu yokumunca ukushaqeka.

Okwesithathu, ifreyimu yandisa kakhulu amathuba okulungisa nokuguqula isimo semoto. Inganwetshwa noma incishiswe ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngoba lokhu kwanele ukufaka ama-spars amafushane, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, engeza amalungu awela (uma unamathuluzi namakhono afanele). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cabs ahlukene nezinhlobo zomzimba zingafakwa kuhlaka olufanayo.

Izimoto zozimele azijwayele ukugqwala (okumangalisayo, lokhu kuyiqiniso). Isizathu sonke siwukuthi kunezindiza ezimbalwa ezifihliwe, futhi ifreyimu ngokwayo ifaka umoya ongcono.

Kulula ukwelapha ngama-anti-corrosion agents. Hhayi-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ifreyimu ihlanganiswe ensimbi ehlala isikhathi eside, futhi amalungu esiphambano nama-spars aminyene.

Kukhona, yiqiniso, inani lokungalungi:

• ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwesisindo nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo - kusetshenziswe uphethiloli owengeziwe, injini enamandla kakhulu iyadingeka, isivinini esiphansi;
• ama-spars "adla" ingxenye yesikhala esisebenzisekayo, ngokulandelana, ingaphakathi elingakhululekile, ngakho-ke ubukhulu obubalulekile be-SUVs yohlaka;
• ifreyimu ingaphansi komzimba othwala imithwalo ngokwemibandela ye-torsional rigidity - cishe uqaphele ukuthi kulula ukusonteka, isibonelo, ishidi lekhadibhodi elibi kunebhokisi lekhadibhodi;
• ukuphepha okubi kakhulu kwe-passive ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ikhabethe liphule izintaba kanye nokukhubazeka okwengeziwe.

Ama-SUV ozimele adume kakhulu

Kuyacaca ukuthi akukho okuhle futhi wonke umuntu uyazinqumela ukuthi uzodelani uma ethenga imoto ethile. Nokho, ama-SUV ozimele asazulazula emigwaqweni yethu.

Domestic - wonke amamodeli we-UAZ angaphandle komgwaqo: UAZ 469, UAZ Hunter, UAZ Patriot, UAZ 3160. Ngempela, izimoto ze-UAZ zizokwazi ukushayela yonke indawo. Yiqiniso, uma ukhumbula amamodeli okuqala, awazange ahluke ngokunethezeka. Ezesimanje eziningi zingaqhudelana nezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zamaSUV angaphandle, kodwa, ngeshwa, awahlukani emnothweni.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwamanye amamodeli ngokuya ngokuzinza emithelela yangaphambili. (isikali sisuka ku-1 siye ku-10)

Toyota - esihlokweni mayelana crossovers Japanese kanye SUVs on Vodi.su, sibhale wonke uhlaka SUVs yale nkampani: Land Cruisers, Tundra, Sequoia, Hilux wonke uhlaka SUVs.

AmaSUV abiza kakhulu anohlaka ahlanganisa amakilasi e-G, GL, GLA kanye ne-GLK yakwaMercedes. Empeleni, bonke babizwa - Imoto engekho emgaqweni, okusho ukuthi "Off-road".

Izimoto ze-M-class nazo zakhiwe ngesisekelo sesakhiwo sohlaka.

Land Rover Defender, Jeep Wrangler, Volkswagen Amarok, BMW X1-X6, Opel Antara kanye neFrontera, Dodge RAM, Ford Expedition. Ngisho nezimoto zamaShayina ezingabizi kakhulu ezivela eGreat Wall, noma iSsangYong yaseKorea nazo zingamaSUV ozimele.

Ividiyo emayelana namamodeli we-Great Wall.

Ukuqhathanisa okungcono kakhulu: Land Cruiser 200 vs. Nissan Patrol.

Iyalayisha...