Ingabe u-R134 yinto yesikhathi esidlule? Iyiphi igesi okufanele ikhethwe yi-air conditioner yemoto? Zithini izintengo zamafriji?

I-air conditioning yemoto ingenye yezinto ezisunguliwe ezilethe izinzuzo eziningi uma kuziwa ekunethezekeni kokushayela. Abashayeli abaningi abasakwazi ukucabanga ukushayela ngaphandle kwale divayisi. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe ebukhoneni besici esishintsha izinga lokushisa lomoya onikeziwe. Ngaphambili bekuyi-r134a yesiqandisi. Isiphi isiqandisi se-air conditioning semoto esisetshenziswayo njengamanje?

Isiqandisi se-air conditioner - kungani sidingeka?

Isimiso sokusebenza kwesistimu yokupholisa umoya emotweni ilula. Ngosizo lwe-compressor, i-condenser, i-dryer, i-expander ne-evaporator, igesi elingaphakathi liyacindezelwa futhi likhishwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubangela izinguquko ekushiseni komoya ongena endlini. Kunengqondo ukuthi i-refrigerant ye-air conditioner iyadingeka kulokhu ukuze kusebenze uhlelo lonke. Ngaphandle kwalo, umsebenzi wazo zonke izingxenye ubungeke ube nancazelo.

Isiqandisi esingu-R134a - kungani singasasetshenziswa? 

Kuze kube manje, isiqandisi esingu-r134a sisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokupholisa umoya. Nokho, isimo sashintsha lapho kuthathwa isinqumo sokunciphisa umthelela omubi wezimoto endaweni yemvelo. Kufanele wazi ukuthi akuwona kuphela amagesi akhipha umoya ayingozi emvelweni, kodwa futhi namakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukupholisa. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2017, izimoto kufanele zisebenzise amafriji ngenombolo ethile ye-GWP, engadluli ku-150. Yini engashiwo ngale nkomba?

Iyini i-GWP?

Indaba yaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule ngo-1997 edolobheni laseJapane iKyoto. Yilapho abacwaningi bafinyelela khona esiphethweni sokuthi ukukhululwa kwezinto eziyingozi endaweni ezungezile kufanele kuncishiswe ngokushesha. Kamuva i-GVP (Gen. Amandla Okufudumala Omhlaba), okwakubonisa ukulimaza kwazo zonke izinto emvelweni. Uma izinga layo liphakeme, liyilimaza kakhulu imvelo. Ngaleso sikhathi, igesi engu-r134a esetshenzisiwe yabonakala ingahambisani ngokuphelele neziqondiso ezintsha. Ngokwenkomba entsha, ine-GWP ye-1430! Lokhu kuqede nya ukusetshenziswa kwesiqandisi esingu-r134a kuma-air conditioner ezimoto. 

Ithini indawo yesiqandisi esingu-r134a?

Omunye wamalungu enhlangano ye-VDA (German. Inhlangano Yezimboni Yezimoto). Wenza ithisisi enesibindi yokuthi i-CO izoba yisixazululo esihle.₂njengento entsha yokupholisa umoya. Lesi siphakamiso satholwa ngesasasa ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi njengoba le nto iyisici esinqumayo sezinga elingenhla le-GWP futhi inesici esingu-1. Ishibhile futhi itholakala kalula. Isihloko, nokho, sagcina sesivuna i-Agent HFO-1234yf nge-GWP ye-4. 

Yini etholwe ngalesi siqandisi se-air conditioning?

Umdlandla obangelwa ukwehla kwe-wUmthelela wemvelo we-ejenti entsha washabalala ngokushesha. Kungani? Bacaphune ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri olusangulukisayo olubonisa ukuthi lapho into isha, ikhipha i-hydrogen fluoride enobuthi obukhulu. Umphumela wawo emzimbeni womuntu umangalisa kakhulu. Esifundweni somlilo wemoto esilawulwayo, isiqandisi se-air conditioning i-HFO-1234yf sisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nama-ejenti okucima umlilo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa i-hydrofluoric acid. Inezici ezingaba nomthelela onamandla ezicubu zomuntu futhi zibangele ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-factor ngokwayo iphula ngempumelelo i-aluminium, i-zinc ne-magnesium. Ngakho-ke, iyinto eyingozi kakhulu kubantu.

Imiphumela yokukhumbula i-r134a

Into entsha yokugcwalisa kabusha amasistimu omoya ezimotweni ivumelana kakhulu nemvelo kunegesi engu-r134a. Kodwa-ke, yilapho izinzuzo zalesi simo se-air conditioning ziphela khona. Kungani ungasho kanjalo? Okokuqala nje, isiqandisi esidala se-A/C sasinokushisa okuzenzakalelayo okungama-770^oC. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengokungashi. Ngokuphambene, i-HFO-1234yf esetshenziswa njengamanje ivutha ku-405^oC, okwenza icishe ivuthe. Akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu kungase kubangele miphi imiphumela uma kwenzeka kushayisana nomlilo.

Intengo ka-r134a kanye nentengo yeziqandisi ezintsha zomoya 

Intengo yesiqandisi se-air conditioning ibaluleke kakhulu kubashayeli abaningi. Kufanele kube eshibhile, esheshayo futhi izinga eliphezulu. Ngokuvamile lezi zici ezintathu azihlangani ekucushweni sekukonke. Futhi ngeshwa, uma kukhulunywa nge-air conditioning factor, kuyafana. Uma ngaphambili intengo ye-r134a factor ibiphansi, manje isici se-air conditioner sesiyabiza ngokuphindwe ka-10! Lokhu, kunjalo, kubonakala emananini wokugcina. Abanye abashayeli bayehluleka ukuqonda iqiniso lokuthi kufanele bakhokhe imali ethe xaxa ngomsebenzi ofanayo nawenza eminyakeni embalwa edlule.

Siyini isizathu sentengo ephezulu yesiqandisi sama-air conditioner?

Isibonelo, iqiniso lokuthi ama-workshops aphoqelelwe ukushintsha imishini yawo kuthinta ukukhuphuka kwentengo ye-air conditioning. Futhi lokhu, yiqiniso, kubiza imali. Uyini umphumela? Isevisi egunyaziwe izolindela inani eliphakathi kwama-euro angu-600-80 ukuze kugcwaliswe kabusha isifudumezi-moya. 

Ingabe kusengenzeka ukugcwalisa kabusha igesi engu-r134a?

Lolu wudaba olushaya kanzima embonini yezimoto. Kunohwebo olungekho emthethweni ngo-r134a. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-workshops amaningi asayisebenzisa, ngoba kunezimoto eziningi emigwaqweni yasePoland amasistimu azo okupholisa umoya angashintshwanga entweni entsha i-HFO-1234yf. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile umkhiqizo omdala we-air conditioning uvela emithonjeni engekho emthethweni, ngaphandle kwezimvume noma izitifiketi, okudala enye ingozi yokusebenzisa imikhiqizo engaziwa imvelaphi emotweni yakho.

Iyiphi igesi ye-air conditioning yemoto okufanele ngiyikhethe?

Isimo sibukeka sifiphele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcinwa nokugcwalisa kabusha uhlelo ngegesi entsha kubiza ama-zloty angamakhulu amaningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-airconditioner engaziwa evela kwamanye amazwe ngokungemthetho. Yini ongayenza kulesi simo? Uma unemoto entsha futhi lonke uhlelo lokupholisa umoya luvaliwe, kufanele ujabule. Awubhekane nezindleko eziningi zokwengeza ohlelweni, ukulungisa nje. Igesi engu-R134a ayisekho emthethweni ekupholiseni umoya, kodwa i-carbon dioxide isalokhu iyindlela ethokozisayo. 

Isiqandisi esishibhile futhi esivumelana nemvelo sama-air conditioner, i.e. R774.

Into enegama elithi R774 (lolu uhlobo lwe-CO₂) iwumkhiqizo wokushisa umoya oshibhile futhi ohambisana nemvelo. Lokhu kwaqale kwabhekwa ezifundweni. Yiqiniso, ukuhlomisa i-workshop ngedivayisi yalolu hlobo kuvame ukubiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-zloty, kodwa kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokugcwalisa kanye nokuhlinzeka nge-air conditioner. Izindleko zokushintsha uhlelo ku-R774 akufanele zeqe ama-euro angu-50, okuyizindleko zesikhathi esisodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkonzo ezivamile.

Igesi yemvelo ye-air conditioning yemoto, i.e. propane

Omunye umqondo uvela kubantu base-Australia abasebenzisa i-propane ukuze banikeze amandla ama-air conditioner. Igesi yemvelo, nokho, njenge-HFO-1234yf, ivutha kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-air conditioner ayidingi ukuguqulwa ukuze isebenze ku-propane. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yayo phezu kwayo ukuthi ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayibangeli izinguquko ezinkulu lapho ihwamuka noma iqhuma. 

Aphelile amasheke ashibhile e-air conditioner futhi ayishaja nge-factor r134a (okungenani ngokusemthethweni). Manje osekusele wukulinda esinye isinqumo esizoshintsha iziqondiso ezikhona bese sikhomba indlela elandelayo embonini yezimoto. Njengomthengi, ungase uthande ukucabangela ezinye izindlela noma uhambe nendlela endala eyazama futhi yahlolwa, i.e. vula amafasitela.