Izinto ezinhlanu ezizonciphisa impilo yenjini
Okuqukethwe
Izinjini zesimanje zenziwa ngenhloso yokuthola ukusebenza kahle okuphelele nobungane bemvelo, ngenkathi kungacatshangelwa izici zabathengi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwenjini kuncishisiwe. Kubalulekile ukugcina lo mkhuba engqondweni lapho ukhetha imoto. Nalu uhlu olufushane lwezinto ezizofushanisa impilo yenjini.
Ukunciphisa ivolumu
Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukwehla kwakamuva kwevolumu yamagumbi omlilo. Umgomo ukunciphisa inani lezinto eziyingozi ezikhishwe emkhathini. Ukugcina amandla nokukhulisa amandla, isilinganiso sokucindezela kufanele sikhuphuke. Kepha isilinganiso sokucindezela esiphakeme sisho ukucindezela okwengeziwe ezintweni okwenziwa kuzo iqembu lama-piston.
Ukwehlisa ivolumu yokusebenza ngengxenye eyodwa kokuthathu kuphindaphinda umthwalo kuma-piston nasezindongeni. Onjiniyela kudala babala ukuthi kulokhu, ibhalansi ephelele itholakala ngezinjini ezingama-4-cylinder ezinomthamo wamalitha ayi-1,6. Kodwa-ke, abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile ze-EU zokukhishwa, ngakho-ke namuhla zithathelwa indawo ngamayunithi angu-1,2, 1,0 noma amancane.
Amapistoni amafushane
Iphuzu lesibili ukusetshenziswa kwama-pistons amafushane. I-logic ye-automaker icace kakhulu. I-piston encane, ilula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isinqumo sokunciphisa ukuphakama kwepiston sinikeza ukusebenza okukhulu nokusebenza kahle.
Kodwa-ke, ngokunciphisa umphetho we-piston nokuxhuma ingalo, umakhi wengeza umthwalo ezindongeni zesilinda. Ngezinga eliphakeme, i-piston enjalo ivame ukudabula ifilimu kawoyela bese ishayisana nensimbi yamasilinda. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuholela ekugugeni nasekudabukeni.
Turbo on izinjini ezincane
Endaweni yesithathu ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini ezincane ze-turbocharged (kanye nokubekwa kwazo kumamodeli amakhulu futhi asindayo njengale Hyundai Venue). I-turbocharger esetshenziswa kakhulu inikwa amandla amagesi aphumayo. Njengoba kushisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa ku-turbine lifinyelela ku-1000 degrees.
Ukukhula kwevolumu yenjini, kukhulu ukugqokwa. Imvamisa, iyunithi ye-turbine ayisebenziseki cishe nge-100000 km. Uma iringi ye-piston ilimele noma ikhubazekile, i-turbocharger izomunca konke ukunikezwa kukawoyela wenjini.
Ayikho injini efudumalayo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukunganakwa kwenjini kufudumala ngamazinga okushisa aphansi. Eqinisweni, izinjini zesimanje zingaqala ngaphandle kokufudumeza ngenxa yezinhlelo zakamuva zomjovo.
Kodwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, umthwalo ezingxenyeni ukwanda kakhulu: injini kufanele iphampa uwoyela futhi ifudumale okungenani imizuzu emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwemvelo, abakhiqizi bezimoto basishaya indiva lesi sincomo. Futhi impilo yenkonzo yeqembu lama-piston iyancipha.
Qala-stop uhlelo
Into yesihlanu eyenza impilo yenjini ibe mfishane wuhlelo lokuqala/lokumisa. Yethulwa abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuze "banciphise" isikhathi sokuphumula sethrafikhi (ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi belinde ukukhanya okubomvu), lapho izinto eziningi eziyingozi zingena emkhathini. Lapho nje isivinini semoto sehla siye ku-zero, isistimu iyayicisha injini.
Inkinga, nokho, ukuthi injini ngayinye yakhelwe inani elithile lokuqalwa. Ngaphandle kwalesi simiso, izoqala izikhathi ezingu-100 000 esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-20, futhi ngayo - cishe esigidini esi-1. Lapho injini iqalwa kaningi, izingxenye ezishayisanayo ziyaguga ngokushesha.
