kahlanu esweni

Ekupheleni kuka-2020, imicimbi eminingana yabanjwa emanyuvesi nasezikoleni, yahlehliswa kusukela ... Mashi. Enye yazo “kwakuwumkhosi” wosuku lwe-pi. Kulesi senzakalo, ngo-December 8, nganikeza inkulumo ekude eNyuvesi yaseSilesia, futhi lesi sihloko siwukufingqwa kwenkulumo. Iphathi yonke iqale ngo-9.42, kanti inkulumo yami ihlelelwe u-10.28. Kuvelaphi ukunemba okunjalo? Kulula: izikhathi ezi-3 pi cishe u-9,42, kanti u-π ukuya ku-2 amandla cishe u-9,88, kanti ihora lesi-9 kuye kwangama-88 amandla angu-10 kuye kwangama-28 ...

Isiko lokuhlonipha le nombolo, eveza isilinganiso sesiyingi sendilinga kuya kububanzi bayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Archimedes njalo (kanye nasemasikweni akhuluma isiJalimane), uvela e-USA (bona futhi: ). 3.14 Mashi "isitayela saseMelika" ngo-22:22, yingakho umqondo. Okulingana nesiPolish kungaba uJulayi 7 ngoba ingxenyenamba 14/XNUMX ilinganiselwa ku-π kahle, okuyinto...u-Archimedes wayeseyazi. Yebo, uMashi XNUMX isikhathi esingcono kakhulu semicimbi eseceleni.

Lezi zingxenye ezingamakhulu amathathu neshumi nane zingomunye wemiyalezo embalwa yezibalo esihlale nayo kusukela esikoleni impilo yakhe yonke. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokho"kahlanu esweni". Igxilile olimini kangangokuthi kunzima ukuyiveza ngendlela ehlukile nangomusa ofanayo. Lapho ngibuza endaweni yokukhanda izimoto ukuthi ukulungisa kungase kubize malini, umakhenikha wacabanga ngakho wayesethi: “ngokuphindwe kahlanu cishe ama-zloty angamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili.” Nganquma ukusizakala ngalesi simo. "Usho isilinganiso esinzima?". Umakhenikha kumele acabange ukuthi angizwanga kahle, ngakho waphinda, "Angazi kahle ukuthi yimalini, kodwa izikhathi ezinhlanu ngeso zingaba ngu-800."

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Imayelana nani? Isipelingi sangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II sasebenzisa u-“cha” ndawonye, ​​futhi ngasishiya lapho. Asibhekani lapha ngezinkondlo ezigabisayo, nakuba ngithanda umbono wokuthi "umkhumbi wegolide uphampa injabulo." Buza abafundi: Usho ukuthini lo mcabango? Kodwa ukubaluleka kwalo mbhalo kukwenye indawo. Inombolo yezinhlamvu emagameni alandelayo amadijithi esandiso sika-pi. Asibone:

Π ≈ 3,141592 653589 793238 462643 383279 502884 197169 399375 105820 974944 592307 816406 286208 998628 034825 342117 067982 148086 513282 306647 093844 609550 582231 725359 408128 481117 450284

Ngo-1596, usosayensi waseDashi waseJalimane Ludolph van Seulen ibale inani lika-pi laya ezindaweni zamadesimali ezingama-35. Khona-ke le mifanekiso yaqoshwa ethuneni lakhe. Unikeze inkondlo enombolweni pi kanye nakumklomelo wethu weNobel, Vislava Shimborska. U-Szymborska wayemangazwe ukungahlali kwezikhathi zale nombolo kanye neqiniso lokuthi cishe 1 ukulandelana ngakunye kwamadijithi, njengenombolo yethu yocingo, kuzokwenzeka lapho. Nakuba indawo yokuqala itholakala kuyo yonke inombolo engenangqondo (okufanele siyikhumbule esikoleni), eyesibili iyiqiniso lezibalo elithakazelisayo okunzima ukulifakazela. Ungathola nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikezayo: nginike inombolo yakho yocingo futhi ngizokutshela ukuthi ikuphi ku-pi.

Lapho kukhona ukuzungeza, kukhona ukulala. Uma sinechibi eliyindilinga, ukuhambahamba kulo lide ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,57 kunokubhukuda. Yebo, lokhu akusho ukuthi sizobhukuda kancane kancane kancane kancane okuphindwe kanye nengxenye kuya kabili kunalokho esizodlula. Ngabelana ngerekhodi lomhlaba le-100m nerekhodi lomhlaba le-100m. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, umphumela ucishe ufane futhi u-4,9. Sibhukuda kancane izikhathi ezi-5 kunalokho esigijimayo. Ukugwedla kuhluke ngokuphelele - kodwa kuyinselelo ethokozisayo. Inomlando omude kakhulu.

Ebalekela i-villain esiphishekelayo, uMhlekazi omuhle nohloniphekile wahamba ngomkhumbi waya echibini. Isikhohlakali sigijima ngasogwini futhi simlinde ukuthi alenze phansi. Yebo, ugijima ngokushesha kunemigqa ye-Dobry, futhi uma egijima kahle, u-Dobry uyashesha. Ngakho okuwukuphela kwethuba lokubi ukuthola Okuhle ogwini - isibhamu esinembile esivela ku-revolver akuyona inketho, ngoba. Okuhle kunolwazi olubalulekile u-Evil afuna ukulwazi.

Okuhle kuhambisana nalelisu elilandelayo. Ubhukuda enqamula ichibi, kancane kancane esondela ogwini, kodwa njalo ezama ukuba ngakolunye uhlangothi kuMubi, ogijimela kwesokunxele, bese eya kwesokudla. Lokhu kuboniswa emfanekisweni. Vumela i-Evil iqale isikhundla sibe ngu-Z₁, futhi iDobre imaphakathi nechibi. Lapho u-Zly ethuthela ku-Z₁, uDobro uzohamba ngomkhumbi aye ku-D.₁lapho Okubi kuku-Z₂, kuhle D₂. Izogeleza ngendlela e-zigzag, kodwa ngokuhambisana nomthetho: kude ngangokunokwenzeka ukusuka ku-Z. Nokho, njengoba isuka enkabeni yechibi, Okuhle kufanele kuhambe emibuthanweni emikhulu nangaphezulu, futhi ngesikhathi esithile ayikwazi. babambelele esimisweni “sokuba ngakolunye uhlangothi Lokubi.” Khona-ke wagwedla ngamandla akhe wonke waze wafika ogwini, enethemba lokuthi omubi ngeke adlule echibini. Ngabe Okuhle kuzophumelela?

Impendulo incike ekutheni Okuhle kungagwedla ngokushesha kangakanani uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lemilenze Yokubi. Ake sithi uMubi ugijima ngesivinini esilingana nesomuntu olungile echibini. Ngakho-ke, indingilizi enkulu kunazo zonke, lapho Okuhle angagwedla khona ukuze amelane nokubi, inobubanzi obuncane ngokuphindwe kanye kunobubanzi bechibi. Ngakho, emdwebeni esinawo. Ephuzwini elingu-W, Uhlobo lwethu luqala ukugwedla lubheke ogwini. Lokhu kumele kuhambe 

 ngesivinini

Uyasidinga isikhathi.

Umubi ujaha zonke izinyawo zakhe ezinhle. Kumele aqedele uhhafu wombuthano, okuzomthatha imizuzwana noma imizuzu, kuye ngamayunithi akhethiwe. Uma lokhu kungaphezu kwesiphetho esijabulisayo:

Omuhle uzohamba. Ama-akhawunti alula akhombisa ukuthi kufanele kube yini. Uma Umuntu Omubi egijima ngesivinini esiphindwe ka-4,14 kunoMuntu, akupheli kahle. Futhi lapha, futhi, inombolo yethu pi iyangenela.

Okuyindilinga yinhle. Ake sibheke isithombe samapuleti amathathu okuhlobisa - nginawo ngemuva kwabazali bami. Iyiphi indawo kanxantathu we-curvilinear phakathi kwabo? Lona umsebenzi olula; impendulo isesithombeni esifanayo. Akumangazi ukuthi ivela kufomula - phela, lapho kukhona ukujikeleza, kukhona i-pi.

Ngisebenzise igama okungenzeka ukuthi angilijwayele:. Leli igama lenombolo pi esikweni elikhuluma isiJalimane, futhi konke lokhu sibonga amaDashi (empeleni umJalimane owayehlala eNetherlands - ubuzwe babungenandaba ngaleso sikhathi), ULudolf waseSeoulen... Ngo-1596 g. ubale amadijithi angama-35 wokunwetshwa kwakhe kuya kumadesimali. Leli rekhodi lahlala kwaze kwaba ngu-1853, lapho UWilliam Rutherford ibale izihlalo ezingama-440. Umphathi werekhodi wokubala okwenziwa ngesandla (mhlawumbe ingunaphakade) UWilliam Shanksokwathi, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi, yanyatheliswa (ngo-1873) ukunwetshwa kuya kumadijithi angama-702. Kuphela ngo-1946, izinombolo zokugcina ezingu-180 zatholakala ukuthi azilungile, kodwa zahlala zinjalo. 527 kahle. Kwakujabulisa ukuthola iphutha ngokwalo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokushicilelwa komphumela ka-Shanks, basola ukuthi "kukhona okungahambi kahle" - kwakunezimbalwa eziyisikhombisa eziqhubekayo ezisolisayo. I-hypothesis engaqinisekisiwe (December 2020) ithi zonke izinombolo kufanele zivele ngemvamisa efanayo. Lokhu kwenze u-D.T. Ferguson ukuthi abuyekeze izibalo zikaShanks futhi athole iphutha "lomfundi"!

Kamuva, imishini yokubala namakhompyutha kwasiza abantu. Ophethe irekhodi lamanje (ngoDisemba 2020). Timothy Mullican (50 trillion izindawo zamadesimali). Izibalo zithathe ... izinsuku ezingama-303. Asidlale: le nombolo ingathatha isikhala esingakanani, esiphrintwe encwadini ejwayelekile. Kuze kube muva nje, "uhlangothi" oluphrintiwe lombhalo beluyizinhlamvu eziyi-1800 (imigqa engu-30 ngemigqa engama-60). Masinciphise inani lezinhlamvu namamajini ekhasi, sikhreme izinhlamvu ezingu-5000 ekhasini, futhi siphrinte izincwadi zamakhasi angu-50. Ngakho-ke izinhlamvu ze-XNUMX trillion zingathatha izincwadi eziyizigidi eziyishumi. Akukubi, akunjalo?

Umbuzo uthi, inhloso yalo mshikashika onjena? Ngokombono wezomnotho nje, kungani umkhokhintela kufanele akhokhele “ukuzijabulisa” okunjalo kochwepheshe bezibalo? Impendulo ayinzima. Okokuqala, kusuka eSeoulen wasungula izikhala zokubala, bese kuba usizo ekubalweni kwe-logarithmic. Ukube wayetshelwe ukuthi: ngicela wakhe izikhala, ubezophendula: kungani? Ngokufanayo umyalo:. Njengoba wazi, lokhu kutholakala akuzange kwenzeke ngephutha, kodwa nokho kuwumkhiqizo wocwaningo lolunye uhlobo.

Okwesibili, asifunde akubhalayo Timothy Mullican. Nansi ukukhiqizwa kokuqala komsebenzi wakhe. USolwazi Mullican uku-cybersecurity, futhi i-pi iyinto encane yokuzilibazisa kangangokuthi usanda kuhlola uhlelo lwakhe olusha lwe-cybersecurity.

Futhi leyo 3,14159 kwezobunjiniyela ingaphezu kokwanele, leyo enye indaba. Masenze isibalo esilula. I-Jupiter iku-4,774 Tm kude neLanga (i-terameter = 1012 metres). Ukuze ubale umjikelezo wombuthano onjalo onerediyasi ukuya ekunembeni okungenangqondo kwemilimitha engu-1, kuyokwanela ukuthatha u-π = 3,1415926535897932.

Isithombe esilandelayo sibonisa ikota indilinga yezitini ze-Lego. Ngasebenzisa amaphedi angu-1774 futhi kwakungaba ngu-3,08 pi. Hhayi okuhle kakhulu, kodwa yini ongayilindela? Umbuthano awukwazi ukwakhiwa ngezikwele.

Impela. Inombolo pi yaziwa ukuthi iyini isikwele esiyindilinga - inkinga yezibalo ebilinde isixazululo sayo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000 - kusukela ezikhathini zamaGreki. Ungakwazi yini ukusebenzisa ikhampasi kanye ne-straightedge ukwakha isikwele indawo yaso elingana nendawo yendilinga enikeziwe?

Igama elithi "square of a circle" lingene olimini olukhulunywayo njengophawu lwento engenakwenzeka. Ngicindezela ukhiye ukuze ngibuze, ingabe lolu wumzamo othile wokugcwalisa umsele wobutha ohlukanisa izakhamuzi zezwe lethu elihle? Kodwa sengivele ngigwema lesi sihloko, ngoba cishe ngizizwa ngezibalo kuphela.

Futhi futhi into efanayo - isixazululo senkinga ye-squaring umbuthano asizange sivele ngendlela yokuthi umbhali wesixazululo, Charles Lindemann, ngo-1882 wamiswa futhi ekugcineni waphumelela. Ngokwezinga elithile yebo, kodwa kwaba umphumela wokuhlasela okuvela endaweni ebanzi. Izazi zezibalo ziye zafunda ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinombolo. Hhayi kuphela izinombolo eziphelele, ezinengqondo (okungukuthi, izingxenyana) kanye nokungenangqondo. Ukungenakulinganiswa nakho kungaba ngcono noma kubi kakhulu. Singase sikhumbule esikoleni ukuthi inombolo engenangqondo ngu-√2 - inombolo eveza isilinganiso sobude be-diagonal yesikwele kuya kubude bohlangothi lwayo. Njenganoma iyiphi inombolo engenangqondo, inesandiso esingapheli. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi ukunwetshwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyimpahla yezinombolo ezinengqondo, i.e. izinombolo eziyimfihlo:

Lapha ukulandelana kwezinombolo 142857 kuphindaphinda unomphela.Ku-√2 lokhu ngeke kwenzeke - lokhu kuyingxenye yokungabi nangqondo. Kodwa ungakwazi:

(ingxenye iqhubeka unomphela). Sibona iphethini lapha, kodwa yolunye uhlobo. I-Pi ayivamile kangako. Ayinakutholwa ngokuxazulula i-algebraic equation - okungukuthi, leyo lapho ingekho impande eyisikwele, noma i-logarithm, noma imisebenzi ye-trigonometric. Lokhu vele kukhombisa ukuthi akwenzeki - ukudweba imibuthano kuholela emisebenzini ye-quadratic, nemigqa - imigqa eqondile - kuma-equations we-degree yokuqala.

Mhlawumbe ngichezukile esimisweni esikhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izibalo kuphela okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubuyela emsuka - ezibalweni ezinhle zasendulo zabacabangi abasidalela isiko lokucabanga laseYurophu, okungabazekayo namuhla ngabanye.

Kumaphethini amaningi amele, ngikhethe amabili. Eyokuqala siyihlanganisa nesibongo UGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716).

Kodwa wayaziwa (isibonelo, hhayi uLeibniz) esazini samaHindu sangenkathi ephakathi uMadhava weSangamagram (1350-1425). Ukudluliswa kolwazi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekuhle - ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwakuvame ukuxaka, futhi ayengekho namabhethri omakhalekhukhwini (ngoba izinto zikagesi zazingakasungulwa!). Ifomula yinhle, kodwa ayinalusizo lwezibalo. Kusukela kwezithako eziyikhulu, "kuphela" 3,15159 etholakala.

usengcono kancane i-Viète'a (esuka kuzibalo ze-quadratic) kanye nefomula yayo kulula ukuyihlela ngoba ithemu elandelayo emkhiqizweni iyimpande yesikwele yangaphambilini kanye nokubili.

Siyazi ukuthi indilinga iyindilinga. Singasho ukuthi lona umzuliswano wamaphesenti angu-100. Isazi sezibalo sizobuza: kungenzeka yini ukuthi into ethile ingabi yiphesenti elingu-1? Ngokusobala, lena i-oxymoron, ibinzana eliqukethe ukuphikisana okufihliwe, njengokuthi, isibonelo, iqhwa elishisayo. Kodwa ake sizame ukukala ukuthi imimo ingaba yindilinga kangakanani. Kuvela ukuthi isilinganiso esihle sinikezwa ifomula elandelayo, lapho u-S eyindawo kanye no-L umjikelezo wesibalo. Ake sithole ukuthi umbuthano uyindilinga ngempela, ukuthi i-sigma ingu-6. Indawo yendilinga iyisiyingi. Sifaka ... futhi sibone ukuthi yini elungile. Siyindilinga kangakanani isikwele? Izibalo zilula nje, ngeke ngize ngizinike. Thatha ihexagon evamile ebhalwe kumbuthano onobubanzi. I-perimeter ngokusobala ingama-XNUMX.

Isigxobo

Kuthiwani ngehexagon evamile? Isiyingi sayo si-6 kanye nendawo yayo

Ngakho sinakho

okucishe kulingane no-0,952. I-hexagon ingaphezu kuka-95% "round".

Umphumela othokozisayo utholakala lapho kubalwa ukuzungeza kwenkundla yezemidlalo. Ngokwemithetho ye-IAAF, ama-straight namajika kufanele abe ngamamitha angu-40 ubude, nakuba ukuchezuka kuvunyelwe. Ngikhumbula ukuthi iBislet Stadium e-Oslo yayincane futhi iyinde. Ngibhala ukuthi “kwakukhona” ngoba ngaze ngagijima kuyo (ngomuntu osafunda!), Kepha eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-XNUMX edlule. Ake sibheke:

Uma i-arc inobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-100, irediyasi yaleyo arc ingamamitha. Indawo yotshani ingamamitha-skwele, kanti indawo engaphandle kwayo (lapho okunamabhodi aphansi) ihlanganisa amamitha-skwele. Ake sixhume lokhu kufomula:

Ngakho ingabe ukuzungeza kwenkundla yezemidlalo kunento yokwenza nonxantathu olinganayo? Ngoba ukuphakama kukanxantathu olinganayo kuyinani elifanayo lezikhathi zohlangothi. Ukuhlangana okungahleliwe kwezinombolo, kodwa kuhle. Ngiyayithanda. Futhi abafundi?

Hhayi-ke kuhle ukuthi iyindilinga nakuba abanye bengaphikisa ngoba igciwane elisithinta sonke liyindilinga. Okungenani yindlela abayidweba ngayo.