Ihlola ukuthungela nge-oscilloscope

Indlela ethuthuke kakhulu yokuxilonga izinhlelo zokuthungela izimoto zesimanje zenziwa kusetshenziswa umhloli wemoto. Le divayisi ikhombisa i-wave wave ye-voltage ephezulu yesistimu yokuthungela, futhi ihlinzeka ngolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela ngama-pulses okushisa, inani le-voltage ehlukanayo, isikhathi esivuthayo namandla enhlansi. Enhliziyweni yomhloli wemoto kulele i-digital oscilloscope, futhi imiphumela iboniswa esikrinini sekhompyutha noma ithebhulethi.

Inqubo yokuxilonga isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kuzo zombili izifunda eziyisisekelo nesesibili kuhlale kuboniswa ngendlela ye-oscillogram. Ithintwa ngamapharamitha alandelayo:

Ihlola ukuthungela nge-oscilloscope

• isikhathi sokushisa;
• isivinini se-crankshaft;
• i-angle yokuvula i-throttle;
• thuthukisa inani lokucindezela;
• ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela yokusebenza;
• ezinye izizathu.

Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwe-oscillogram, kungenzeka ukuhlonza ukuphazamiseka hhayi kuphela ohlelweni lokuthungela imoto, kodwa nakwezinye izingxenye zayo nezindlela. Ukuwohloka kwesistimu yokubasa kuhlukaniswe okuhlala njalo futhi okungavamile (kwenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusebenza). Esimweni sokuqala, kusetshenziswa umhloli omile, okwesibili, iselula esetshenziswa ngenkathi imoto ihamba. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlelo eziningi zokuthungela, ama-oscillogram atholiwe azonikeza ulwazi oluhlukile. Ake sicabangele lezi zimo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuthungela kwakudala

Cabangela izibonelo ezithile zamaphutha usebenzisa isibonelo sama-oscillograms. Kulezi zibalo, amagrafu esistimu yokuthungela engalungile akhonjiswe ngokubomvu, ngokulandelana, ngombala oluhlaza - osebenzayo.

Vula ngemva kwenzwa ye-capacitive

Qhafaza intambo yamandla kagesi aphezulu phakathi kwendawo yokufaka inzwa ye-capacitive nama-spark plug. Kulokhu, i-voltage yokuwohloka iyanda ngenxa yokubonakala kwegebe lenhlansi eyengeziwe exhunywe ochungechungeni, futhi isikhathi sokushisa inhlansi siyancipha. Ezimweni ezingavamile, inhlansi ayibonakali nhlobo.

Akunconywa ukuvumela ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngokuwohloka okunjalo, ngoba kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-high-voltage insulation yezakhi zesistimu yokuthungela kanye nokulimala ku-transistor yamandla we-switch.

Ukunqamuka kwentambo phambi kwenzwa ye-capacitive

Ukuphuka kwentambo ye-high-voltage emaphakathi phakathi kwekhoyili yokuthungela nendawo yokufaka inzwa ye-capacitive. Kulokhu, igebe lenhlansi eyengeziwe liyavela. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-voltage ye-spark iyanda, futhi isikhathi sokuba khona kwayo siyancipha.

Kulokhu, isizathu sokuhlanekezela kwe-oscillogram siwukuthi lapho ukukhishwa kwenhlansi kushisa phakathi kwama-electrode amakhandlela, kuphinde kushise ngokufana phakathi kweziphetho ezimbili zocingo oluphezulu oluphukile.

Ukumelana nentambo kagesi ephezulu phakathi kwendawo yokufaka i-capacitive sensor kanye nama-spark plugs kuye kwanda kakhulu.

Ukwenyuka ukumelana kwentambo ye-voltage ephezulu phakathi kwendawo yokufaka ye-capacitive sensor nama-spark plugs.. Ukumelana nocingo kungandiswa ngenxa ye-oxidation yabathintana nabo, ukuguga komqhubi, noma ukusetshenziswa kocingo olude kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwanda kokumelana ekugcineni kocingo, i-voltage yehla. Ngakho-ke, ukuma kwe-oscillogram kuhlanekezelwe ukuze i-voltage ekuqaleni kwenhlansi inkulu kakhulu kune-voltage ekupheleni komlilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi sokushiswa kwenhlansi siba sifushane.

ukwephulwa kokufakwa kwe-high-voltage ngokuvamile ukuphuka kwayo. Zingenzeka phakathi:

• ukuphuma kwe-high-voltage yekhoyili kanye nenye yemiphumela yekhoyili eyinhloko noma "umhlabathi";
• i-high-voltage wire kanye nendlu yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi;
• ikhava yokusabalalisa umlilo kanye nezindlu zokusabalalisa;
• isilayidi sokusabalalisa kanye ne-distributor shaft;
• “ikepisi” yocingo olunamandla kagesi kanye nendlu yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi;
• i-wire tip kanye ne-spark plug yezindlu noma izindlu zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• umqhubi ophakathi wekhandlela nomzimba walo.

ngokuvamile, kumodi yokungenzi-lutho noma emithwalweni ephansi yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola umonakalo we-insulation, okuhlanganisa lapho uxilonga injini evuthayo yangaphakathi usebenzisa i-oscilloscope noma isihloli semoto. Ngakho-ke, injini idinga ukudala izimo ezibucayi ukuze ukuwohloka kubonakale ngokucacile (ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ukuvula ngokuzumayo i-throttle, esebenza ngama-revs aphansi ekulayisheni okuphezulu).

Ngemuva kokuvela kokukhishwa endaweni yokulimala kwe-insulation, i-current iqala ukugeleza kumjikelezo wesibili. Ngakho-ke, i-voltage ku-coil iyancipha, futhi ayifinyeleli inani elidingekayo ekuqhekekeni phakathi kwama-electrode ekhandlela.

Ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesibalo, ungabona ukwakheka kokukhishwa kwenhlansi ngaphandle kwegumbi lomlilo ngenxa yokulimala kokufakwa kwe-high-voltage yesistimu yokuthungela. Kulesi simo, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza ngomthwalo ophezulu (i-regassing).

Ingaphezulu le-spark plug insulator lingcoliswe kakhulu ohlangothini lwegumbi lomlilo.

Ukungcoliswa kwe-spark plug insulator ohlangothini lwegumbi lomlilo. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokufakwa kwensisi, uwoyela, izinsalela ezivela kuphethiloli kanye nezithasiselo zikawoyela. Kulezi zimo, umbala wediphozi ku-insulator uzoshintsha kakhulu. Ungafunda ulwazi mayelana nokuxilongwa kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ngombala we-soot ekhandlela ngokuhlukana.

Ukungcola okubalulekile kwesivikelo kungadala izinhlansi ezingaphezulu. Ngokwemvelo, ukukhishwa okunjalo akunikezeli ukuthungela okuthembekile kwengxube yomoya ovuthayo, okubangela ukudubula okungalungile. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma i-insulator ingcolile, i-flashovers ingase yenzeke ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ifomu lama-voltage aphezulu akhiqizwa ikhoyili yokuthungela ngokuhlukana kwe-interturn.

Ukwehlukana kwe-interturn insulation ye-ignition coil windings. Uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka okunjalo, ukukhishwa kwe-spark akubonakali kuphela ku-spark plug, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi kwekhoyili yokuthungela (phakathi kokuphenduka kwama-windings ayo). Ngokwemvelo ithatha amandla ekuphumeni okuyinhloko. Futhi uma ikhoyili isebenza isikhathi eside kule modi, kulahleka amandla amaningi. Ngemithwalo ephansi enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo, ukuwohloka okuchazwe kungase kungezwakali. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhuphuka komthwalo, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingase iqale "i-troit", ilahlekelwe amandla.

Igebe phakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug nokucindezelwa

Igebe phakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug liyancipha. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishaya kancane ngaphandle komthwalo.

Igebe elishiwo likhethwa emotweni ngayinye, futhi lincike kumingcele elandelayo:

• i-voltage ephezulu eyenziwe ikhoyili;
• amandla okufakwa kwezakhi zesistimu;
• ukucindezela okukhulu ekamelweni lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma;
• impilo yesevisi elindelekile yamakhandlela.

Igebe phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug liyakhula. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishaya kancane ngaphandle komthwalo.

Ngokusebenzisa i-oscilloscope ignition test, ungathola ukungqubuzana ebangeni eliphakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug. Ngakho-ke, uma ibanga lehlile, khona-ke amathuba okuthungela ingxube ye-fuel-air ayancipha. Kulokhu, ukuhlukaniswa kudinga i-voltage ephansi yokuphuka.

Uma igebe phakathi kwama-electrode ekhandlela likhula, khona-ke inani le-voltage yokuwohloka liyakhula. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvutha okuthembekile kwengxube kaphethiloli, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngomthwalo omncane.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukusebenza isikhathi eside kwekhoyili ngendlela lapho ikhiqiza khona inhlansi enkulu kakhulu, okokuqala, kuholela ekugugeni kwayo ngokweqile kanye nokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi okwesibili, lokhu kugcwele ukuwohloka kokufakwa kwezinye izakhi zesistimu yokuthungela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme. - i-voltage. kukhona futhi amathuba aphezulu okulimala kwezakhi zokushintsha, okungukuthi, i-transistor yayo yamandla, ekhonza ikhoyili yokuthungela inkinga.

Ukucindezelwa okuphansi. Uma uhlola isistimu yokuthungela nge-oscilloscope noma isihloli semoto, ukucindezela okuphansi kusilinda eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kungatholwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ekucindezelweni okuphansi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, ingcindezi yegesi iyancipha. Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi yegesi phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug ngesikhathi sokudubula nawo athathwa kancane. Ngakho-ke, i-voltage ephansi iyadingeka ukuze kuhlakazwe. Ukuma kwe-pulse akushintshi, kodwa kuphela i-amplitude iyashintsha.

Emfanekisweni ongakwesokudla, ubona i-oscillogram lapho ingcindezi yegesi ekamelweni elivuthayo ngesikhathi sokudubula ithathwa kancane ngenxa yokucindezela okuphansi noma ngenxa yenani elikhulu lesikhathi sokuthungela. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuleli cala iyasebenza ngaphandle komthwalo.

Isistimu yokushisa ye-DIS

I-high-voltage ignition pulse ekhiqizwe amakhoyili anempilo e-DIS ama-ICE amabili ahlukene (ayisebenzi ngaphandle komthwalo).

Isistimu yokuthungela ye-DIS (Double Ignition System) inamakhoyili akhethekile okuthungela. Zihluke ngokuthi zifakwe amatheminali amabili anamandla kagesi aphezulu. Enye yazo ixhunywe ekuqaleni kokuphela kokuphela kokuvuthwa kwesibili, okwesibili - kuze kube sekupheleni kwesibili kokuvuthwa kwesibili kwekhoyili yokuthungela. Ikhoyili ngayinye enjalo isebenzisa amasilinda amabili.

Ngokuphathelene nezici ezichazwe, ukuqinisekiswa kokushisa nge-oscilloscope kanye nokususwa kwe-oscillogram ye-voltage yama-voltage ignition pulses kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-capacitive DIS zenzeka ngokuhlukile. Okusho ukuthi, kuvela ukufundwa kwangempela kwe-oscillogram ye-voltage ephumayo yekhoyili. Uma amakhoyili esesimweni esihle, khona-ke ama-oscillation amanzi kufanele abonwe ekupheleni kokuvutha.

Ukuze wenze ukuxilonga kwesistimu yokuthungela ye-DIS nge-voltage eyinhloko, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ama-wave waveforms kuma-winding ayinhloko wamakhoyili.

Incazelo Yesithombe:

I-voltage waveform kumjikelezo wesibili wesistimu yokuthungela ye-DIS

1. Ukuboniswa kwesikhathi sokuqala kokunqwabelana kwamandla kukhoyili yokuthungela. Ihambisana nomzuzu wokuvula we-transistor yamandla.
2. Ukuboniswa kwendawo yoguquko yokushintshela kumodi yamanje yokukhawulela ekujikeni okuyinhloko kwekhoyili yokuthungela ezingeni elingu-6 ... 8 A. Amasistimu e-DIS esimanje anokushintsha ngaphandle kwemodi yamanje yokukhawulela, ngakho-ke ayikho indawo ye- high-voltage ishayela.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegebe lenhlansi phakathi kwama-electrode ama-spark plug anikezwa ikhoyili kanye nokuqala kokuvutha kwenhlansi. Iqondana nesikhathi nesikhathi sokuvala i-transistor yamandla yeswishi.
4. Indawo yokushisa inhlansi.
5. Ukuphela kokushiswa kwenhlansi kanye nokuqala kwama-oscillations amanzi.

Incazelo Yesithombe:

I-voltage waveform endaweni yokulawula ukuphuma kwe-DIS yekhoyili yokushisa.

1. Isikhathi sokuvula i-transistor yamandla yokushintsha (ukuqala kokuqoqwa kwamandla endaweni kazibuthe yekhoyili yokuthungela).
2. Izoni yoshintsho lokushintshela kumodi yamanje yokukhawulela kumjikelezo oyinhloko lapho i-current in the primary winding yekhoyili yokuthungela ifinyelela ku-6 ... 8 A. Ezinhlelweni zesimanje ze-DIS, amaswishi awanayo imodi yamanje yokukhawulela. , futhi, ngokufanelekile, ayikho indawo yesi-2 ku-waveform yamandla kagesi eyinhloko engekho.
3. Isikhathi sokuvala i-transistor yamandla we-switch (esiyingini sesibili, kulokhu, ukuwohloka kwezikhala ze-spark kubonakala phakathi kwama-electrode ama-spark plugs anikezwa ikhoyili futhi inhlansi iqala ukushisa).
4. Ukubonakaliswa kwenhlansi evuthayo.
5. Ukubonakaliswa kokunqamuka kokushiswa kwenhlansi kanye nokuqala kwama-oscillation amanzi.

Ukuthungela ngakunye

Amasistimu okuthungela ngawodwana afakwe ezinjinini eziningi zesimanje zikaphethiloli. Zihlukile ezinhlelweni zasendulo neze-DIS kulokho I-spark plug ngayinye isetshenziswa ikhoyili eyodwa yokuthungela. ngokuvamile, amakhoyili efakwe nje ngenhla amakhandlela. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukushintsha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izintambo ezinamandla kagesi. Amakhoyili ayizinhlobo ezimbili − compact и induku.

Lapho uxilonga isistimu yokubasa yomuntu ngamunye, imingcele elandelayo iyagadwa:

• ukuba khona kwama-oscillations amanzi ekupheleni kwesigaba sokushisa inhlansi phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug;
• ubude besikhathi sokuqoqwa kwamandla endaweni kazibuthe ikhoyili yokuthungela (imvamisa, iba phakathi kuka-1,5 ... 5,0 ms, kuye ngemodeli yekhoyili);
• ubude benhlansi evuthayo phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug (imvamisa, i-1,5 ... 2,5 ms, kuye ngokuthi imodeli yekhoyili).

Ukuxilongwa kwe-voltage eyinhloko

Ukuze uhlole ikhoyili ngayinye nge-voltage eyinhloko, udinga ukubuka i-voltage waveform ekuphumeni kokulawula ikhoyili eyinhloko usebenzisa i-oscilloscope probe.

Incazelo Yesithombe:

I-oscillogram ye-voltage ekuphumeni kokulawula kokujikajika okuyinhloko kwekhoyili eyodwa yokuthungela.

1. Isikhathi sokuvula i-transistor yamandla yokushintsha (ukuqala kokuqoqwa kwamandla endaweni kazibuthe yekhoyili yokuthungela).
2. Isikhathi sokuvala i-transistor yamandla we-switch (i-current in the primary circuit iphazamiseka kungazelelwe futhi ukuhlukana kwegebe le-spark kubonakala phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug).
3. Indawo lapho inhlansi ivutha khona phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug.
4. Ukudlidliza okudalekile okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kwenhlansi evuthayo phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug.

Emfanekisweni ongakwesokunxele, ungabona i-wave wave ye-voltage ekuphumeni kokulawula kokuphenduka okuyinhloko kwesekethe yomuntu ngamunye enephutha. Uphawu lokuqhekeka ukungabikho kwama-oscillation amanzi ngemva kokuphela kwenhlansi evuthayo phakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug (isigaba "4").

Ukuxilongwa kwe-voltage yesibili enenzwa ye-capacitive

Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-capacitive ukuthola i-voltage waveform kukhoyili kungcono kakhulu, njengoba isignali etholwe ngosizo lwayo iphinda ngokunembe kakhudlwana i-voltage waveform kusekethe yesibili yesistimu yokuthungela etholakele.

I-Oscillogram ye-high voltage pulse yesekethe enempilo ehlangene yomuntu ngamunye, etholwe kusetshenziswa inzwa ye-capacitive

Incazelo Yesithombe:

1. Ukuqala kokuqoqwa kwamandla emkhakheni wamagnetic wekhoyili (kuhambisana nesikhathi nokuvulwa kwe-transistor yamandla yokushintsha).
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegebe lenhlansi phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug kanye nokuqala kokuvutha kwenhlansi (okwamanje i-transistor yamandla yeswishi ivala).
3. Indawo evuthayo yenhlansi phakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug.
4. Ama-oscillations anciphile ayenzeka ngemva kokuphela kwenhlansi evuthayo phakathi kwama-electrode ekhandlela.

I-Oscillogram ye-high voltage pulse yesekethe enempilo ehlangene yomuntu ngamunye, etholwe kusetshenziswa inzwa ye-capacitive. Ukuba khona kwama-oscillation amanzi ngokushesha ngemva kokuwohloka kwegebe lenhlansi phakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug (indawo imakwe ngophawu “2”) kuwumphumela wezici zokuklama zekhoyili futhi akulona uphawu lokuphuka.

I-Oscillogram ye-high voltage pulse yesekhethi emfishane ehlangene engalungile, etholwe kusetshenziswa inzwa ye-capacitive. Isibonakaliso sokuphuka ukungabikho kwe-oscillations emanzi ngemva kokuphela kwenhlansi evuthayo phakathi kwama-electrode ekhandlela (indawo imakwe ngophawu "4").

Ukuxilongwa kwe-voltage yesibili kusetshenziswa inzwa ye-inductive

Inzwa ye-inductive lapho kwenziwa ukuxilonga ku-voltage yesibili isetshenziswa ezimeni lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukuthatha isignali kusetshenziswa inzwa ye-capacitive. Amakhoyili anjalo okuthungela ngokuyinhloko amasekhethi amafishane angama-rod ngamanye, amasekhethi amafushane angawodwana ahlangene anesiteji samandla esakhelwe ngaphakathi sokulawula ukujikajika okuyinhloko, kanye namasekhethi amafushane ngamanye ahlanganiswe abe amamojula.

I-Oscillogram ye-high voltage pulse ye-red enempilo yesekethe yomuntu ngamunye, etholwe kusetshenziswa inzwa yokufundisa.

Incazelo Yesithombe:

1. Ukuqala kokuqoqwa kwamandla emkhakheni kazibuthe wekhoyili yokuthungela (kuhambisana nesikhathi nokuvulwa kwe-transistor yamandla yokushintsha).
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegebe lenhlansi phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug kanye nokuqala kokuvutha kwenhlansi (lapho i-transistor yamandla yeswishi ivala).
3. Indawo lapho inhlansi ivutha khona phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug.
4. Ukudlidliza okudalekile okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kwenhlansi evuthayo phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug.

I-Oscillogram ye-high voltage pulse ye-rod enephutha yesekethe ngayinye efushane, etholwe kusetshenziswa inzwa yokufundisa. Isibonakaliso sokwehluleka ukungabi khona kwama-oscillation amanzi ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokushiswa kwenhlansi phakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug (indawo imakwe ngophawu "4").

I-Oscillogram ye-high voltage pulse ye-rod enephutha yesekethe ngayinye efushane, etholwe kusetshenziswa inzwa yokufundisa. Uphawu lokwehluleka ukungabi khona kwama-oscillation amanzi ekupheleni kwenhlansi evuthayo phakathi kwama-electrode e-spark plug kanye nesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokushisa inhlansi.

isiphetho

Ukuxilongwa kwesistimu yokuthungela usebenzisa i-motor tester indlela ethuthuke kakhulu yokuxazulula inkinga. Ngayo, ungakwazi ukukhomba ukwephulwa futhi esigabeni sokuqala sokwenzeka kwabo. Okuwukuphela kwe-drawback yale ndlela yokuxilonga yintengo ephezulu yemishini. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kuphela eziteshini zesevisi ezikhethekile, lapho kukhona i-hardware nesofthiwe efanele.