Ungawabheka kanjani ama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder

Ukubhujiswa kwamapuleti e-valve noma ukulingana kwawo okuxekethile ezihlalweni ngenxa ye-soot, ukulungiswa okungalungile kanye ne-skew kuholela ekwehleni kokucindezelwa kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuze kube sekuhlulekeni kwayo okuphelele. Izinkinga ezifanayo zivela uma kwenzeka ukushiswa kwe-piston noma izindandatho ze-piston, ukwakheka kwemifantu ku-cylinder block noma ukuwohloka kwe-gasket phakathi kwayo nekhanda. Ukuze ufeze ukuxazulula inkinga okunembile, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa injini, kodwa kunezindlela zokuhlola ama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder.

Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi ungabheka kanjani ukuqina kwama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder, kanye nezindlela ezilula zokubona ngokuzimela ukutubeka nokulungiswa okungalungile ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini nokusebenzisa imishini ebizayo.

Kunini lapho kudingekile ukuhlola ama-valve ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini evuthayo yangaphakathi

Umbuzo othi "indlela yokuhlola isimo sama-valve ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi?" kubalulekile uma izimpawu ezilandelayo zivela:

Ungahlola kanjani ukucindezela usebenzisa indlela yakudala: ividiyo

• ukusebenza okungalingani injini omlilo yangaphakathi ("kathathu");
• ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwamandla enjini;
• ukwehla kokuphendula kwe-throttle kanye namandla okusheshisa;
• ama-pops aqinile ("isibhamu") ekungeneni nasekukhipheni ipheshana;
• ukwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Ezinye zezinkinga ezingenhla zibonwa ngokungasebenzi kahle okungahlobene nokwephulwa kokuqina kwegumbi lomlilo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuhlola ukusebenza kwama-valve, kufanele ulinganise ukucindezelwa.

Ukucindezela ukucindezela kusilinda ekupheleni kwe-compression stroke. In a serviceable injini evuthayo yangaphakathi imoto yesimanje hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10-12 umkhathi (ngokuya ngezinga lokuguga) ku-throttle evulekile. Inani elilinganiselwe elilungile lemodeli ethile lingabalwa ngokuphindaphinda isilinganiso sokucindezela ngo-1,4.

Uma ukucindezela kujwayelekile, lokhu kusho ukuthi igumbi lomlilo liqinile futhi ama-valve akudingeki ahlolwe., futhi inkinga kufanele ifunwe ohlelweni lokuthungela nokunikeza amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezimbangela ezingase zibe khona, kanye nendlela yokubona isilinda esinenkinga, kuchazwe esihlokweni esithi "Kungani injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ihamba ngokungenzi lutho."

Icala elikhethekile liyibhande lesikhathi eliphukile kwamanye amamodeli, lapho lokhu kugcwele umhlangano wamapistoni anama-valve. Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlola uma ama-valve egobile ngaphambi kokuqala injini.

Ungawabheka kanjani ama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder

Izindlela zokuhlola ama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder zikhethwa kuye ngokuthi izimpawu nezimbangela ezisolwayo zokungasebenzi kahle, kanye nethuluzi elitholakalayo. Okuvame kakhulu yizindlela ezilandelayo:

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokushiswa kwe-valve: ividiyo

• ukuhlola isimo samakhandlela;
• ukuhlolwa kwama-valve namasilinda kusetshenziswa i-endoscope;
• ukutholakala kwe-reverse thrust ohlelweni lwe-exhaust;
• indlela ephambene - ngokusho kwesimo se-pistons namasongo okucindezela;
• ukuxilongwa kokuqina kwegumbi elivuthayo;
• ukulinganisa kwezikhala zokuhlola ukunemba kokulungiswa kwazo;
• ukuhlola i-geometry ngokuzungezisa i-crankshaft.

Ungahlola kanjani ukulunga kokulungiswa kwe-valve clearance

Inkinga "indlela yokuhlola ukuthi ama-valve abambekile?" efanelekile ezimotweni ezinezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, lapho inani le-thermal clearances of the valves isethwe kusetshenziswa izikulufo ezikhethekile noma ama-washers. Kudingeka zihlolwe njalo ngo-30–000 km (imvamisa ngqo incike kumodeli ye-ICE) futhi zilungiswe uma kunesidingo. Ukuhlola kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isethi yama-probes ane-pitch engu-80 mm noma ibha ene-micrometer.

Ihlola ukucaciswa kwama-valve ngama-feeler gauges

Ukuze wenze inqubo, udinga ukupholisa injini emazingeni okushisa anconyiwe (ngokuvamile angaba ngu-20 ° C), susa isembozo se-valve, bese usebenzisa ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwezikhala ngokubekezelelana ezindaweni zokulawula, ngokulandelana. ivalvu ngayinye. Izici zenqubo kanye nosayizi wezikhala ezinconyiwe zincike ekulungisweni kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi futhi zingahluka ngisho nakumodeli efanayo.

Ngaphandle kwe-periodicity of run kanye nokunciphisa ukucindezela, isibonakaliso sesidingo sokuhlola izikhala yisici sokukhala kwesikhathi "emakhazeni", esinyamalala lapho sifudumala. Ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi enezimvume ezibekwe ngokungalungile kuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwama-valve kanye nokushiswa kwawo.

Kumamodeli anamuhla afakwe izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinezinxephezelo ze-hydraulic, ukucaciswa kwama-valve kulungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Indlela yokuhlola i-geometry yama-valve: igobile noma cha

isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuphulwa kwejiyomethri yama-valve, lapho izinduku zigoqa ngokuhlobene namapuleti, ukuxhumana kwazo nama-pistons ngenxa yebhande lesikhathi eliphukile.

Ukwephulwa kwe-valve geometry

Imiphumela enjalo ayijwayelekile kuwo wonke amamodeli futhi incike ngokuqondile ezicini zedizayini zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Isibonelo, ezinjini ezifakwe ku-Kalina ne-Grants nge-index 11183, le nkinga ayifanele, kodwa ngokuguqulwa kamuva kwamamodeli afanayo ne-ICE 11186, ukuhlangana kwama-valve nama-piston lapho ibhande liphuka cishe akunakugwenywa.

Uma umshini usengozini ngemva kokufaka ibhande, ngaphambi kokuqala injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi ama-valve agobile yini. Ngaphandle kokuqaqa, lokhu kulula ukukwenza ngokuphendula i-crankshaft mathupha usebenzisa isikrufu esigqokwa kwibhawodi yokukhweza i-pulley. Ukujikeleza kwamahhala kubonisa ukuthi ama-valve cishe ajwayelekile, ukumelana okuphathekayo kubonisa ukuthi i-geometry yawo iphukile. Kodwa-ke, uma iphutha lincane, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulinquma ngale ndlela. Indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuhlola ukucinana kwegumbi elivuthayo kusetshenziswa i-pneumatic tester noma i-compressor, echazwe ngezansi.

Ukuqala injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngamavalvu agobile kungandisa izinkinga - izinti ezikhubazekile namapuleti angalimaza ikhanda le-cylinder namapiston, futhi izingcezu eziphukile zingalimaza izindonga zamasilinda.

Ungabheka kanjani ukuthi ama-valve ashile noma cha ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder

Ngokwehla kokucindezela kusilinda esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, kufanele ucabange ukuthi ungabheka kanjani impilo yama-valve - ashisiwe noma cha. Ungafunda ngokuthi kungani ama-valve esha lapha. Isithombe esifanayo singaba ngenxa yokushiswa kwepiston noma izindandatho zokucindezela, ukuphuka kwe-cylinder head gasket, ukuqhekeka kwebhulokhi yesilinda ngenxa yengozi, njll. Ukuhlola endaweni yomshini we-valve kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imbangela ethile yokulahlekelwa ukucindezelwa. Lokhu kuhlola kungenziwa ngezindlela ezine, ezichazwe ngezansi.

Ukuhlola ama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder kwenziwa kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kungafaki umonakalo wabo. Ezinye izindlela zingase zibonise ezinye izizathu zokunciphisa ukucindezelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuxilonga kwangaphakathi kwe-valve indlela kungase kungavumeli ukutholakala kwamaphutha amancane kumaqembu e-cylinder-piston nama-valve ekuqaleni.

Ukuhlola ama-valve ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngokuya ngesimo samakhandlela

Ipulaki yenhlansi embozwe ngomsizi onamafutha - uphawu olucacile lokulimala kwepiston

Ingqikithi yendlela ukuhlola ngeso lengqondo ipulaki lenhlansi elikhishwe kusilinda ngokucindezelwa okuphansi. Ama-electrode kanye nengxenye enentambo yomile - i-valve ishileuma zinamafutha noma zimbozwe ngomsizi omnyama onamafutha, i-piston yonakalisiwe noma izindandatho zokucindezela noma zokukhuhla amafutha zigugile. Ingaphakathi lekhandlela lingase libe emafutheni ngenxa yokulimala kwezimpawu ze-valve, noma kunjalo, kulokhu, wonke amakhandlela azongcoliswa, hhayi nje kuphela ku-cylinder yenkinga. Ukuxilongwa kwe-DVS ngombala we-soot emakhandlelani kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esihlukile.

Izici: le ndlela ifaneleka kuphela ezinjini zikaphethiloli, ngenxa yokungabikho kwama-spark plugs ezinjinini zedizili.

Indlela yokuhlola isimo sama-valve nge-banknote noma iphepha

Ungawabheka kanjani ama-valve ashisiwe ngephepha: ividiyo

Kulula futhi hlola ngokushesha isimo sama-valve, inqobo nje uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesistimu yokuthungela iyasebenza, i-banknote noma ishidi elincane lephepha eliwugqinsi lizosiza, okufanele ligcinwe kude no-3-5 cm ukusuka ekuphumeni kwepayipi yokukhipha. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kufanele ifudunyezwe futhi iqale.

Emotweni esetshenziswayo, ishidi lephepha lizohlala lidlidliza ngokulinganayo, ngezikhathi ezithile lisuka kude ne-exhaust ngaphansi kwesenzo samagesi aphumayo aphumayo futhi liphinde libuyele endaweni yalo yasekuqaleni. Uma ishidi limunca ipayipi le-exhaust ngezikhathi ezithile, cishe lishile noma ligeje elinye lamavalvu.. Mayelana nokuthi iminonjana ephepheni ibonisani noma ukungabikho kwayo phakathi nesheke elinjalo, lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngokuhlola imoto lapho uyithenga esandleni.

Le ndlela ecacile ayinembile kakhulu futhi ifanele ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwesimo somshini wokusabalalisa igesi ensimini, isibonelo, lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe. Ayikuvumeli ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi i-cylinder eyinkinga, ayifanele izimoto ezine-catalyst futhi ayisebenzi uma i-exhaust system ivuza, isibonelo, i-muffler iyashiswa.

Veza isheke ngamafutha enjini kanye ne-dipstick

Le ndlela yokuhlola ama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder isekelwe ekuqedeni izinkinga ngeqembu le-piston. Ukutubeka kwe-piston kungatholwa ngokuthintana naye kusetshenziswa i-feeler gauge efakwe kusilinda ngembobo yepulaki yenhlansi. Izinkinga zendandatho noma zodonga ziqedwa ngokuthela uwoyela wokucindezela ophansi kusilinda ngembobo efanayo, ukubuyisela ipulaki le-spark, nokuqalisa injini. Uma ngemva kwalokho ukucindezela kuphakama, inkinga ayikho kuma-valve.: amafutha agcwele agcwalisa igebe phakathi kwe-piston nezindonga ze-cylinder, lapho amagesi aphuma khona.

Indlela ayiqondile. Inkinga kuphela ngezindandatho ikhishwe ngokunembile, ngoba kunzima ukukhomba umonakalo omncane ku-piston nge-probe, ngaphezu kwalokho, inketho enekhanda le-cylinder head gasket ihlala ingaqinisekisiwe.

Ukuhlola ama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda usebenzisa i-endoscope

Ukuhlola ama-valve namasilinda nge-endoscope

I-endoscope ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ama-valve namasilinda ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini usebenzisa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo. ukuze uhlole ama-valve, uzodinga idivayisi enekhanda eliguquguqukayo noma i-nozzle ngesibuko.

Inzuzo yendlela yikhono hhayi kuphela lokuqinisekisa ubukhona besici esithile, kodwa futhi nokunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-valve eshisiwe - i-inlet noma i-outlet. Ngisho ne-endoscope engabizi ebiza kusuka kuma-ruble angu-500 yanele kulokhu. Cishe okufanayo yizindleko zokuhlola amasilinda ngomshini wobuchwepheshe esiteshini sesevisi.

Indlela ilungele kuphela ukuthola amaphutha asobala - imifantu noma ama-chips ediski ye-valve. Ukulingana okuxekethile kwehhashi ngokuvamile kunzima ukubona.

Ukuhlola igumbi elivuthayo ukuthi alivuzi yini nge-tester ye-pneumatic noma i-compressor

Omunye wemisebenzi eyisisekelo yama-valve ukuqinisekisa ukucinana kwegumbi elivuthayo ku-stroke yokucindezela ukuze udale ingcindezi edingekayo yokushisa nokushiswa kwengxube yamafutha omoya.

Ihlola injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngomhloli womoya: ividiyo

Uma zonakalisiwe, amagesi kanye nengxube kaphethiloli igqekeza ekungeneni noma ekukhipheni okuningi, ngenxa yalokho, amandla adingekayo awadalwanga ukuhambisa i-piston kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuphazamiseka.

I-pneumotester ivumela ukusungula ngokuthembekile ubukhona kanye nembangela yokucindezeleka. Izindleko zedivayisi enjalo zivela kuma-ruble angu-5, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ungasebenzisa i-compressor yomshini evamile yokufaka amathayi nge-gauge yokucindezela. Enye inketho ukuxilongwa esiteshini sesevisi, lapho bazocela kusuka kuma-ruble angu-000.

Ungasibheka kanjani isimo sama-valve ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder usebenzisa i-compressor noma i-pneumatic tester:

1. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukucaciswa kwe-valve kungaphakathi kokucaciswa.
2. Hambisa ipiston yesilinda ngaphansi kokuhlolwa uyibeke phezulu enkabeni efile ekucindezelweni kwe-stroke ngokuzungezisa i-crankshaft noma isondo lokushayela egiyeni eliseduze kakhulu nokuqondile (imvamisa libe yisi-5).
   Kumamodeli ane-carburetor ICE, isibonelo, i-VAZ 2101-21099, isikhundla sothintana nesilayidi ku-distributor wokushisa (umsabalalisi) kuzosiza ukunquma ukushaywa kokucindezela - kuzokhomba ucingo oluphezulu lwe-voltage oluholela ku-cylinder ehambisanayo.
3. Namathisela i-compressor noma i-pneumotester embotsheni ye-spark plug, uqinisekise ukucinana kokuxhumeka.
4. Dala ukucindezela okungenani kwama-atmospheres angu-3 kusilinda.
5. Landela ukufundwa ku-manometer.

Umoya akufanele uphume ekamelweni elivuthayo elivaliwe. Uma ingcindezi iyancipha, sinquma isiqondiso sokuvuza ngokunyakaza komsindo nomoya - kuzobonisa ukuwohloka okuthile.

Indlela yokuvuza	ukuphuka
Ngokusebenzisa okuningana	I-valve yokungena evuzayo
Ngokusebenzisa ipayipi le-exhaust noma ipayipi yokukhipha	I-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavuza
Ngentamo yokugcwalisa amafutha	Amasongo e-piston agugile
Ngokusebenzisa ithangi lokunweba	I-gasket yekhanda lesilinda eliphukile