Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa kwe-ICE

Ukuhlolwa kokuminyanisa kwenjini evuthayo kwangaphakathi kwenziwa ukuze kuxazululwe izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Ukucindezela ukucindezelwa kwengxube ku-cylinder ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla angaphandle. Ikalwa njengesilinganiso sokuminyanisa siphindwe ngo-1,3. Lapho ukala ukucindezelwa, ungakwazi thola isilinda esingasebenzi kahle.

Uma imoto inezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga, njengokwehla kwamandla, ukuphelelwa uwoyela, ukukhubeka enjinini, khona-ke babheka amakhandlela, izinzwa, bahlole injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ukuze babone umonakalo nokuvuza. Uma ukuhlola okunjalo kungalethi imiphumela, bese bephendukela ekulinganiseni kokulinganisa. Indlela yokunquma usebenzisa isibonelo se-VAZ yakudala iboniswe kule vidiyo.

Ngokuzimela Ukucindezelwa kungabhekwa nge-gauge yokucindezela.. Eziteshini zesevisi, ukuhlola okunjalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-compressograph noma i-motor tester.

Izizathu zokwehla kokucindezelwa kumasilinda

I-ICE compression can ukwehla ngenxa yezizathu eziningi.:

• ukugqokwa kwama-pistons kanye nezingxenye zeqembu le-piston;
• ukuhlela isikhathi okungalungile;
• ukushiswa kwama-valve namapiston.

ukuze kunqunywe ngokuqondile imbangela yokuphuka, ukucindezelwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kukalwa kokubili kushisa nokubanda. Sizobona ukuthi singayenza kanjani inqubo enjalo kokubili ngosizo lwegeji yokucindezela futhi ngaphandle kwayo.

Indlela yokukala ukucindezelwa enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo

Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ukuze ihlolwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sidinga ukufudumala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ekushiseni okuphezulu kwama-70-90 degrees. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuvala ipompo likaphethiloli, ukuze uphethiloli unganikeziwe futhi ukhulule ama-spark plugs.

Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukusebenza kwesiqalisi nokushajwa kwebhethri. Isigaba sokugcina sokulungiselela ukuvula i-throttle ne-valve yomoya.

Emva kwakho konke lokhu Masiqhubekele ekuhlolweni kokucindezela.:

1. Sifaka ichopho legeji yokucindezela kusixhumi se-spark plug bese sivula injini ngesiqalisi kuze kuphele ukukhula kwengcindezi.
2. I-crankshaft kufanele ijikeleze cishe ngama-200 rpm.
3. Uma i-ICE ilungile, ke ukucindezela kufanele kukhuphuke ngemizuzwana. Uma lokhu kwenzeka isikhathi eside, izindandatho ze-piston ziyasha ebusweni. Uma ingcindezi ingakhuli nhlobo, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi i-gasket block idinga ukushintshwa. Ingcindezi encane enjini kaphethiloli evuthayo yangaphakathi kufanele isuke ku-10 kg/cm20 (enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi edizili engaphezu kuka-XNUMX kg/cmXNUMX).
4. Ngemva kokuthatha ukufundwa, khulula ingcindezi ngokukhulula ikepisi kumitha.
5. Hlola wonke amanye amasilinda ngendlela efanayo.

Umfanekiso wezigaba zokulinganisa ukuminyanisa kusilinda

Kukhona enye indlela yokuhlola, ehluke kulokhu okungenhla kokuthi amafutha athululelwa ku-cylinder ehloliwe. Ukwanda kwengcindezi kubonisa izindandatho ze-piston ezigugile, uma ingcindezi ingakhuli, ke Isizathu: i-cylinder head gasket, noma ngokuvamile kukhona ukuvuza kuma-valve.

Uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isesimweni esihle, ukucindezela kuyo kufanele kube kusuka ku-9,5 kuya ku-10 emkhathini (injini kaphethiloli), kuyilapho kumasilinda kufanele kuhluke ngokungabi ngaphezu kwe-atmosphere eyodwa.

Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlonza ukucindezelwa okubuthakathaka ngokungasebenzi kahle ku-carburetor. Uma kuvuza komoya, hlola ukulingana kwevalvu yokudlula. Uma umoya uphuma phezulu kurediyetha, khona-ke ikhanda lesilinda elingalungile yilona elinecala.

Yini ethinta ukucindezelwa kwe-ICE

1. Isikhundla se-throttle. Lapho i-throttle ivaliwe noma ivaliwe, ingcindezi iyancipha
2. Isihlungi somoya singcolile.
3. Ukuhleleka okungalungile kwesikhathi se-valvelapho i-valve ivala futhi ivula ngesikhathi esingalungile. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ibhande noma iketango lifakwe ngokungalungile.
4. Ukuvala ama-valve ngesikhathi esingalungile ngenxa yezikhala ekushayeleni kwabo.
5. Izinga lokushisa lezimoto. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, izinga lokushisa lengxube liyanda. Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi iphansi.
6. Ukuvuza komoya. Ukuvuza komoya, kunciphisa ukucindezelwa. Zibangelwa ukulimala noma ukuguga kwemvelo kwezimpawu zegumbi elivuthayo.
7. Amafutha angena ekamelweni elivuthayo kwandisa ukucindezelwa.
8. Uma uphethiloli uwela ngendlela yamaconsi, khona-ke ukucindezelwa kunciphisa - amafutha ahlanzwa, adlala indima ye-sealant.
9. Ukuntuleka kokuqina kugeji yokucindezela noma ku-valve yokuhlola.
10. isivinini se-crankshaft. Uma kuphakeme, ukucindezelwa okuphezulu, ngeke kube khona ukuvuza ngenxa ye-depressurization.

Okungenhla kuchaza indlela yokukala ukucindezelwa enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi esebenzisa uphethiloli. Endabeni yenjini ye-diesel, izilinganiso zenziwa ngendlela ehlukile.

Isilinganiso sokucindezela enjinini kadizili

1. Ukuze uvale ukunikezwa kukadizili enjinini, udinga ukunqamula i-valve yokunikezela uphethiloli kugesi. kungenziwa futhi ngokucindezela i-lever yokuvala empompini yokucindezela okukhulu.
2. Izilinganiso zenjini ye-diesel zenziwe nge-gauge ekhethekile yokucindezela, enezici zayo.
3. Lapho uhlola, awudingi ukucindezela i-pedal pedal, ngoba akukho throttle kulezi zinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi. Uma kunjalo, kufanele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
4. noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ifakwe imiyalelo ekhethekile yokuthi ukucindezela kukalwa kanjani kuyo.

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa enjinini kadizili.

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa emotweni yomjovo

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi izilinganiso zokucindezela zingase zibe nephutha. Lapho ulinganisa, ingxenye enkulu, udinga ukucabangela umehluko wokucindezela kumasilinda, hhayi inani lokucindezela eliphakathi.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ucabangela imingcele efana nezinga lokushisa likawoyela, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, umoya, isivinini senjini, njll. Kuphela kucatshangelwa wonke amapharamitha kungenzeka ukudweba isiphetho mayelana nezinga lokugqoka ama-pistons nezinye izingxenye ezithinta ukucindezelwa. Futhi ngenxa yakho konke lokhu kungasebenzi kahle, nikeza isiphetho mayelana nesidingo sokulungisa kabusha injini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ungahlola kanjani ukucindezela ngaphandle kwegeji yokucindezela

Ngeke ukwazi ukukala ukuminyanisa ngaphandle kwegeji. Njengoba lona kanye igama elithi “isilinganiso” lisikisela ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokulinganisa. Ngakho akunakwenzeka ukukala ukucindezelwa enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo ngaphandle kwegeji yokucindezela. Kodwa uma ufuna ukuhlola nquma ukuthi ikhona yini (isibonelo, ngemva kwebhande lesikhathi eliphukile noma isikhathi eside semoto, njll.), okungukuthi, ezinye zezindlela ezilula indlela yokuhlola ukucindezela ngaphandle kwegeji yokucindezela. Isibonakaliso sokucindezelwa okubi ukuziphatha okungavamile kwemoto, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, ngesivinini esiphansi, isebenza ngokuvilapha futhi engazinzile, futhi ngesivinini esikhulu "ivuka", kuyilapho intuthu yabo yokukhipha i-bluish, futhi uma ubheka amakhandlela, ayoba emafutheni. Ngokuncipha kokucindezelwa, ukucindezela kwamagesi e-crankcase kuyanda, uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lungcola ngokushesha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kobuthi be-CO, ukungcoliswa kwegumbi lomlilo.

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa ngaphandle kwezinsimbi

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa kwe-ICE okuyisisekelo kakhulu ngaphandle kwezinsimbi - ngendlebe. Ngakho-ke, njengenjwayelo, uma kukhona ukucindezela kumasilinda enjini yangaphakathi, khona-ke ngokuvula isiqalisi ungezwa ukuthi injini isebenza kanjani noma yikuphi ukushaywa kokucindezela okunomsindo wesici. Futhi ezimweni eziningi, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi inganyakaza kancane. Uma kungabikho ukucindezelwa, ngeke kuzwakale izigqi ezicacile, futhi ngeke kube nokuthuthumela. Lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukukhombisa ibhande lesikhathi eliphukile.

Ividiyo ukuthi ungahlola kanjani ukucindezelwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngaphandle kwezinsimbi

Kumiswe ububanzi obufanele (irabha, ipulasitiki eyi-cortical noma indwangu ewugqinsi) ikhandlela kahle, njengoba ngaphambilini ukhulule ikhandlela lelinye lamasilinda, ungabheka ukuthi kukhona okungenani uhlobo oluthile lokucindezelwa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma ikhona, ukhokho uzondiza uphume ne-cotton yesici. Uma kungekho ukucindezelwa, khona-ke kuzohlala lapho bekukhona.

Amandla asetshenzisiwe lapho uvula i-KV. Le ndlela yokuhlola ukucindezelwa ayinakho ukunemba nhlobo, kodwa, nokho, abantu bayayisebenzisa ngezinye izikhathi. Kudingekile ukuqaqa wonke amakhandlela, ngaphandle kwesilinda sokuqala nangesandla, nge-crankshaft pulley bolt, ujikeleze kuze kuphele ukushaywa kokucindezela (kunqunywa amamaki wesikhathi). bese siphinda inqubo efanayo nawo wonke amanye amasilinda, cishe sikhumbula amandla asetshenzisiwe. Njengoba izilinganiso zingenangqondo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa igeji yokucindezela. Idivayisi enjalo kufanele itholakale kuwo wonke umnikazi wemoto, ngoba intengo yayo iphakeme kakhulu ukuze ungathengi, futhi usizo lwakhe lungadingeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. ungathola inani lokucindezelwa olifunayo lemoto yakho kubhukwana lenkonzo noma okungenani uthole isilinganiso sokucindezela senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto yakho, khona-ke ukucindezela kungabalwa ngefomula: isilinganiso sokucindezela * K (lapho K \ u1,3d 1,3 kaphethiloli kanye ne-1,7-XNUMX, XNUMX yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikadizili).

Ngokwesimo sokuphelelwa umoya noma isimo se-spark plugs, ungqondongqondo onolwazi kuphela onganquma ukucindezelwa ngaphandle komshini, futhi lokho kuyafana, ngokuqhathaniswa.

Indlela enjalo efanele izimoto ezinenjini egugilelapho ukunqwabelanisa kwavela kaningi, futhi kwavela intuthu emhlophe-blue enephunga elithile elivela ku-muffler. Lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi amafutha aqala ukungena emakamelweni omlilo ngezindlela eziningana. Ingqondo enekhono mayelana nokuphelelwa amandla kanye nesimo samakhandlela, kanye nokuhlaziya umsindo we-acoustic (ukulalela umsindo, udinga idivayisi eyi-stethoscope yezokwelapha enenzwa yomshini), izonquma ngokunembile ukuthi kungani intuthu enjalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha.

Kunezinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuba khona kwamafutha - ama-valve abonisa uwoyela ama-caps noma iqembu le-cylinder-piston (amasongo, ama-piston, amasilinda), okubonisa ukuphambuka ekucindezelweni.

Lapho izimvu zamanzi sezigugile, zivame ukuvela amasongo kawoyela azungeze ama-spark plug kanye ne-exhaust, bese kuthi Ukuhlolwa kokuminyanisa kungenziwa noma kungenziwa.. Kodwa uma, ngemva kokufudumala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, intuthu yesici iqhubeka noma ukwanda kwayo kwanda, kungaphetha ngokuthi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi igugile. Futhi ukuze unqume ukuthi yini ngempela ebangele ukucindezelwa kunyamalale, udinga ukwenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezilula.

Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezela Okulahlekile

ukuze uthole impendulo enembile, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa zonke lezi zindlela ezingenhla ngokuqhathanisa nemiphumela etholiwe.

Ukuze unqume ukugqokwa kwamasongo, kwanele ukufafaza, kusukela kusirinji, ngokoqobo amagremu angu-10 amafutha ku-cylinder, bese uphinda isheke. Uma ukucindezela kuye kwanda, amasongo noma ezinye izingxenye zeqembu le-cylinder-piston zikhathele. Uma izinkomba zihlala zingashintshiwe, umoya uvuza nge-gasket noma ama-valve, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwekhanda le-cylinder. Futhi uma ingcindezi ishintshile ngokoqobo ngebha engu-1-2, sekuyisikhathi sokukhala i-alamu - lokhu kuwuphawu lokushiswa kwepiston.

Ukuncipha okufanayo kokuminyanisa kumasilinda kubonisa ukuguga okuvamile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi futhi akuyona inkomba yokulungisa kabusha okuphuthumayo.

Imiphumela yokulinganisa kokucindezelwa

Imiphumela yokulinganisa ukucindezelwa ikhombisa isimo senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, okungukuthi ama-pistons, ama-piston ring, ama-valve, ama-camshaft, futhi ivumela izinqumo ezizothathwa ngesidingo sokukhanda noma ukushintshwa kuphela kwe-gasket yekhanda noma i-valve stem seal.

Ezinjinini zikaphethiloli, ukucindezelwa okuvamile kuphakathi kwamabha ayi-12-15. Uma uqonda kabanzi, ithrendi izoba kanje:

• front-wheel drive izimoto zasekhaya kanye nezimoto zakwamanye amazwe ezindala - 13,5-14 bar;
• i-carburetor ye-back-wheel drive - kufika ku-11-12;
• izimoto ezintsha zakwamanye amazwe i-13,7-16 bar, nezimoto ezi-turbocharged ezinomthamo omkhulu ofinyelela kubha ye-18.
• kumasilinda wemoto diesel, ukucindezela kufanele kube okungenani 25-40 atm.

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa amanani wengcindezi yokucindezela anembe kakhudlwana kuma-ICE ahlukene:

Uhlobo lwe-ICE	Inani, ibha	Umkhawulo wokugqoka, ibha
1.6, 2.0 l	10,0 - 13,0	7,0
I-1.8 l	9,0 - 14,0	7,5
3.0, 4.2 l	10,0 - 14,0	9,0
1.9 l TDI	25,0 - 31,0	19,0
2.5 l TDI	24,0 - 33,0	24,0

Imiphumela yokukhula kwamandla

Nini inani lokucindezela 2–3 kgf/cm², bese kuthi lapho ephenduka, akhuphuke kakhulu, ke cishe izindandatho zokucindezelwa sezigugile. Esimweni esifanayo, ukucindezelwa kukhula kakhulu emjikelezweni wokuqala wokusebenza, uma uwoyela wehliswa ku-cylinder.

Nini ingcindezi ngokushesha ifinyelela ku-6-9 kgf / cm² bese kuthi empeleni kungashintshi, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-valve awaqinile (i-lapping izolungisa isimo) noma i-cylinder head gasket egugile.

Esimeni lapho kubhekwa khona ukunciphisa ukucindezela (cishe ku-20%) kwelinye lamasilinda, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo injini idling ayizinzile, bese kuba enkulu amathuba okugqoka kwekhamera ye-camshaft.

Uma imiphumela yokulinganisa ukucindezela ibonise ukuthi kwelinye lamasilinda (noma amabili aseduze), ingcindezi ikhuphuka ngokuphawulekayo kancane futhi ngo 3-5 atm. ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, khona-ke Mhlawumbe i-gasket eshaywayo phakathi kwebhulokhi nekhanda (udinga ukunaka uwoyela ekupholiseni).

Ngendlela, akufanele ujabule uma unenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo yangaphakathi, kodwa ukucindezela kunyukile kunasemusha - ukwanda kokucindezela kubangelwa ukuthi ngenxa yomsebenzi omude Igumbi lomlilo liqukethe amadiphozi kawoyela okungagcini nje ukuphazamisa ukuchithwa kokushisa, kodwa futhi kunciphise ivolumu yayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuqhunyiswa kokushisa okukhanyayo kanye nezinkinga ezifanayo zivela.

Ukucindezelwa kwesilinda okungalingani kubangela ukudlidliza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (ikakhulukazi uma ingenzi lutho futhi isivinini esiphansi), okuphinde konakalise kokubili ukudluliswa nokukhwezwa kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ulinganisa ingcindezi yokucindezela, kubalulekile ukwenza iziphetho futhi ususe isici.