Ihlola ama-injection kadizili

Imibhobho yenjini kadizili, kanye nenjini yomjovo, ingcoliswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi abaningi bezimoto ezine-diesel ICE bayazibuza - ukuthi bangabheka kanjani ama-injection edizili? ngokuvamile, uma kwenzeka ukuvala, uphethiloli awunikezwanga kumasilinda ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwenzeka, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile nokubhujiswa kwepiston. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushiswa kwama-valve kungenzeka, futhi ukwehluleka kwesihlungi se-particle.

Ama-injection enjini ye-diesel

Ukuhlola ama-injection kadizili ekhaya

Kuma-ICE esimanje kadizili, enye yezinhlelo zikaphethiloli ezimbili ezaziwayo zingasetshenziswa yonke indawo. Ujantshi Ojwayelekile (enerempu evamile) kanye nomjovo wepompo (lapho kunoma iyiphi isilinda umlomo wombhobho wayo uhlinzekwa ngokuhlukene).

Bobabili bayakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngobungane bemvelo obuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Njengoba lezi zinhlelo zikadizili zisebenza futhi zihlelwa ngendlela efanayo, kodwa i-Common Rail ithuthuka kakhulu ngokusebenza kahle nomsindo, nakuba iphelelwa amandla, isisetshenziswa kaningi ezimotweni zabagibeli, khona-ke sizokhuluma ngayo. ngokuqhubekayo. Futhi sizokutshela mayelana nokusebenza, ukuwohloka nokuhlolwa kwepompo yomjovo ngokwehlukana, ngoba lesi akusona isihloko esithakazelisayo, ikakhulukazi kubanikazi bezimoto zeqembu le-VAG, njengoba ukuxilongwa kwesofthiwe akunzima ukwenza lapho.

Indlela elula yokubala i-nozzle evalekile yohlelo olunjalo ingenziwa ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

umjovo wesitimela ovamile

• uma ungenzi lutho, ulethe isivinini senjini ezingeni lapho izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi zizwakala kahle kakhulu;
• i-nozzle ngayinye ivaliwe ngokukhulula inati lenyunyana endaweni yokunamathisela yomugqa wokucindezela okuphezulu;
• uma uvala i-injector evamile yokusebenza, ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuyashintsha, uma i-injector inenkinga, khona-ke injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izoqhubeka nokusebenza kumodi efanayo ngokuqhubekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukuhlola imibhobho ngezandla zakho enjinini kadizili ngokuhlola ulayini kaphethiloli ukuze uthole ukushaqeka. Bayoba umphumela weqiniso lokuthi i-high-pressure fuel pump izama ukupompa uphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwe-nozzle, kuba nzima ukuyeqa. Ukufakwa kwenkinga kungabonakala futhi ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza.

Ihlola ama-injection kadizili ukuthi awachichima yini (ukuphumela emugqeni wokubuyisela)

Ihlola ivolumu yokubuyisela

Njengoba ama-injection e-diesel eguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunenkinga ehambisana neqiniso lokuthi uphethiloli ovela kuwo ubuyela ohlelweni, ngenxa yokuthi ipompo ayikwazi ukuletha ingcindezi yokusebenza oyifunayo. Umphumela walokhu kungase kube izinkinga ekuqaleni kanye nokusebenza kwenjini ye-diesel.

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, uzodinga ukuthenga isirinji yezokwelapha engu-20 ml kanye nesistimu yokudonsa (uzodinga ishubhu elide elingu-45 cm ukuxhuma isirinji). ukuze uthole umjovo ophonsa uphethiloli omningi emugqeni wokubuyisela kunalokho okufanele, udinga ukusebenzisa i-algorithm elandelayo yezenzo:

• khipha i-plunger kusipetu;
• enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi egijima, usebenzisa uhlelo, xhuma isirinji "ekubuyeni" kwe-nozzle (faka ithubhu entanyeni yesipetu);
• bamba isirinji imizuzu emibili ukuze uphethiloli udonswe kuyo (inqobo nje uma izodonswa);
• phinda inqubo ngokushintshana kuwo wonke ama-nozzles noma wakhe isistimu yawo wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngokusekelwe olwazini olumayelana nenani likaphethiloli kusipetu, kungafinyelelwa esiphethweni esilandelayo:

Buyisa ukuhlola ukugeleza

• uma i-syringe ingenalutho, kusho ukuthi i-nozzle isebenza ngokugcwele;
• inani likaphethiloli kusirinji elinomthamo we-2 kuya ku-4 ml nalo lingaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile;
• uma umthamo wamafutha kusirinji udlula i-10 ... 15 ml, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-nozzle ayisebenzi ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, futhi idinga ukushintshwa / ukulungiswa (uma ithululela i-20 ml, akusizi ukulungisa. , njengoba lokhu kubonisa ukuguga kwesihlalo se-valve ye-nozzle ), ngoba ayibambi ukucindezela kukaphethiloli.

Kodwa-ke, isheke elinjalo elilula ngaphandle kwe-hydro stand kanye nohlelo lokuhlola alunikezi isithombe esiphelele. Phela, empeleni, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, inani likaphethiloli elikhishwayo lincike ezintweni eziningi, lingavaleka futhi lidinga ukuhlanzwa noma lilenga futhi lidinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela yokuhlola ama-injection edizili ekhaya ikuvumela kuphela ukuthi wahlulele mayelana nokuphuma kwabo. Ngokufanelekile, inani likaphethiloli abadlula kulo kufanele lifane futhi libe ngu-4 ml emizuzwini emi-2.

Ungathola inani eliqondile likaphethiloli elinganikezwa kulayini wokubuyisela kubhukwana lemoto yakho noma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ukuze ama-injection asebenze isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, faka amafutha ngodizili wezinga eliphezulu. Phela, kuncike ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kwalo lonke uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, faka izihlungi zangempela zikaphethiloli futhi ungakhohlwa ukuzishintsha ngesikhathi.

Ihlola ama-injection ngamathuluzi akhethekile

Ukuhlolwa okubucayi kakhulu kwama-injection enjini ye-diesel kwenziwa kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ubukhulu. Leli gama lisho umlomo oyisibonelo okhethekile onesiphethu nesikali. Ngosizo lwabo, ukucindezela kokuqala komjovo we-diesel fuel kusethiwe.

Enye indlela yokuqinisekisa ukusebenzisa lawula umlomo wombhobho osebenzayo oyisibonelo, lapho kuqhathaniswa nezisetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Konke ukuxilonga kwenziwa ngenjini isebenza. I-algorithm yezenzo imi kanje:

Isilinganiso esiphezulu

• enze ukuhlakazwa kwe-nozzle kanye nolayini wamafutha ovela enjini yangaphakathi yomlilo;
• i-tee ixhunywe ekufakweni kwamahhala kwepompo yomjovo;
• khulula amantongomane enyunyana kwezinye izifakelo zepompo yomjovo (lokhu kuzovumela uphethiloli ukuthi ugeleze kubhobho elilodwa kuphela);
• ama-nozzles okulawula nokuhlola axhunywe ku-tee;
• yenza kusebenze indlela yokunciphisa amandla;
• zungezisa i-crankshaft.

Ngokufanelekile, izijovo zokulawula nezivivinyo kufanele zibonise imiphumela efanayo ngokuqalisa kanyekanye komjovo kaphethiloli. Uma kukhona ukuphamba, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-nozzle.

Indlela yesampula yokulawula ivamise ukuthatha isikhathi eside kunendlela ye-maximometer. Nokho, inembe kakhudlwana futhi inokwethenjelwa. ungaphinda uhlole ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nezijovo zenjini ye-diesel kanye nepompo yomjovo endaweni yokulungisa ekhethekile. Nokho, atholakala kuphela eziteshini zesevisi ezikhethekile.

Ukuhlanza umjovo wedizili

Ukuhlanza umjovo wedizili

ungakwazi ukuhlanza imibhobho yenjini ye-diesel ngokwakho. Umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe endaweni ehlanzekile nekhanyiswe kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-nozzles ayasuswa futhi ahlanjwe nge-parafini noma ku-diesel fuel ngaphandle kokungcola. Phuma i-nozzle ngomoya ocindezelwe ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa kabusha.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ikhwalithi ye-atomization kaphethiloli, okungukuthi, ukuma "kwethoshi" ye-nozzle. Kunamasu akhethekile alokhu. Okokuqala, udinga ibhentshi lokuhlola. Lapho baxhuma i-nozzle, banikeze uphethiloli kuyo futhi babheke ukuma namandla endiza. Ngokuvamile, iphepha elingenalutho lisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa, elibekwe ngaphansi kwalo. Imikhondo ye-fuel hit, umumo wethoshi namanye amapharamitha azobonakala ngokucacile eshidini. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, ukulungiswa okudingekayo kungenziwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngezinye izikhathi insimbi encane yensimbi isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umlomo wombhobho. Ububanzi bayo kufanele okungenani bube buncane ngo-0,1 mm kunobubanzi bembobo ngokwayo.

Uma ububanzi be-nozzle bukhuphuka ububanzi ngamaphesenti angu-10 noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke kufanele kushintshwe. i-atomizer iphinde ishintshwe uma umehluko kububanzi bemigodi ungaphezu kuka-5%.

Ukuphuka okungenzeka kwama-injection kadizili

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuhluleka ukuphulwa kokuqina kwenaliti emkhonweni womhlahlandlela we-nozzle. Uma inani layo lincishisiwe, khona-ke inani elikhulu likaphethiloli ligeleza ngegebe elisha. okungukuthi, kumjovo omusha, ukuvuza okungaphezu kuka-4% kaphethiloli osebenzayo ongena kusilinda kuvunyelwe. Ngokuvamile, inani likaphethiloli elivela kuma-injection kufanele lifane. Ungabona ukuvuza kukaphethiloli kumjovo ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• thola ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ingcindezi kufanele ibe yini lapho uvula inaliti ku-nozzle (izohluka ngenjini ngayinye evuthayo yangaphakathi);
• khipha i-nozzle bese uyifake endaweni yokuhlola;
• dala ukucindezela okuphezulu ngamabomu ku-nozzle;
• usebenzisa isitophuwashi, kala isikhathi okuthi ngemva kwalokho ukucindezela kwehla ngo-50 kgf / cm2 (ama-atmospheres angama-50) ukusuka kulena enconyiwe.

Ebheka umlomo wombhobho esitendini

Lesi sikhathi siphinde sichazwe emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile kumabhomu amasha kuba imizuzwana engu-15 noma ngaphezulu. Uma i-nozzle igugile, lesi sikhathi singancishiswa sibe yimizuzwana emi-5. Uma isikhathi singaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-5, khona-ke umjovo usuvele ungasebenzi. Ungafunda ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokukhanda ama-injection kadizili (ukushintsha ama-nozzles) endabeni yokwengeza.

Uma isihlalo se-valve ye-nozzle sigugile (asibambeli ingcindezi edingekayo kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngokweqile), ukulungiswa akusizi ngalutho, kuzobiza ngaphezu kwesigamu sezindleko ezintsha (okungaba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10).

Kwesinye isikhathi umjovo wedizili ungavuza amanani amancane noma amakhulu kaphethiloli. Futhi uma esimweni sesibili kudingekile kuphela ukulungiswa nokushintshwa okuphelele kwe-nozzle, khona-ke esimweni sokuqala ungakwenza ngokwakho. okungukuthi, udinga ukugaya inaliti kusihlalo. Phela, imbangela eyisisekelo yokuvuza ukuphulwa kophawu ekupheleni kwenaliti (elinye igama liyi-cone yokuvala).

Ukushintsha inaliti eyodwa ku-nozzle ngaphandle kokushintsha i-bushing yomhlahlandlela akukhuthazwa, njengoba zihambisana ngokunemba okukhulu.

Ukuze ususe ukuvuza ku-nozzle ye-diesel, i-GOI encane yokugaya i-paste ivame ukusetshenziswa, ehlanjululwa nge-parafini. Ngesikhathi sokugoqa, kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi unamathisele awungeni esikhaleni phakathi kwenaliti nomkhono. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, zonke izakhi zigezwa ku-parafini noma ku-diesel ngaphandle kokungcola. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuwashaya ngomoya ocindezelwe ovela ku-compressor. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa, hlola futhi ukuvuza.

okutholakele

Ama-injection ahlulekile ngokwengxenye hhayi ukugxeka, kodwa ukuwohloka okungajabulisi kakhulu. Phela, ukusebenza kwabo okungalungile kuholela kumthwalo obalulekile kwezinye izingxenye zeyunithi yamandla. Ngokuvamile, umshini ungasebenza ngemibhobho evalekile noma engalungile, kodwa kuyinto efiselekayo ukulungisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzogcina injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto isesimweni sokusebenza, okuzophinde kukusindise ezindlekweni ezinkulu zemali. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokusebenza okungazinzile kwe-injector emotweni yakho ye-diesel, sincoma ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwe-injector okungenani ngendlela eyisisekelo, okuyinto, njengoba ubona, kungenzeka ukuthi wonke umuntu akhiqize. ekhaya.