Ilula ekwakhiweni kanye nenjini eshibhile ene-two-stroke - umgomo wokusebenza ukushaywa kabili. Ihluke kanjani enjinini enamasondo amane ezithuthuthu? Ingabe unayo i-XNUMX stroke diesel?

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, injini enama-stroke amabili inemijikelezo emibili ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Imayelana nokucindezelwa nokusebenza. Idizayini ye-four-stroke nayo inokuthatha kanye ne-exhaust. Le ndlela yokusebenza kwamayunithi kagesi ibe nomthelela ekwenzeni kwawo kube lula uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa kwezinjini ezinemivimbo emine. Nokho, inezinkinga zayo. Ingabe inezinzuzo futhi? Ingabe kusafaneleka ukubeka izinjini ezinjalo? Sizonikeza impendulo ecacile kule mibuzo!

Injini enemivimbo emibili - idizayini yokushayela

Kunoma iyiphi injini ye-piston, igumbi lomlilo lidlala indima ebalulekile, futhi leli cala alifani. Ngaphakathi kwekamelo, i-piston ebekwe phezu kwenduku yokuxhuma ibuyisela. Injini enama-stroke amabili ibuye ifakwe i-carburetor, nakuba kukhona amayunithi ane-electronic fuel injection system. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu i-crankcase, enesibopho sokwenza i-vacuum kanye nokunyakaza kwe-ejenti evuthayo. Enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-2-stroke, kunekhanda le-cylinder. Kukhona namashaneli angenayo, ingcindezi neyokuphuma. Amakhandlela nawo abekwe ekhanda.

Yini engekho enjinini enama-stroke amabili? Ingabe inesikhathi esifanayo nesenjini ye-stroke emine?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini enama-stroke amane, injini enama-stroke amabili ayinazo izingxenye ezibalulekile. Imayelana:

• ama-valve e-cylinder;
• umqoqi wamafutha;
• uhlelo lwesikhathi.

Kungani lezi zakhi zingekho kuma-aggregate achaziwe? Ama-valve awadingeki ngoba ukunyakaza kwe-piston kunesibopho sokuvala nokuvula amachweba okungenisa nokukhipha. Ngokuvamile ukuba khona kwabo akudingekile. I-oil sump ayidingeki, njengoba izingxenye ezisebenzayo zigcotshwa ngamafutha aqukethwe kungxube ye-fuel-air. Isikhathi futhi akwaziwa kusukela kumayunithi angama-4-stroke, ngoba senziwe lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini enezinhlangothi ezimbili - incazelo

Ukuze injini enemivimbo emibili yenze umsebenzi wayo, kufanele ithole amandla. Umjikelezo womsebenzi uqala ku-BDC yepiston. Njengoba yehla, kwakhiwa i-vacuum ku-crankcase egcwele ingxube. Lapho i-piston ikhuphuka, ama-exhaust namachweba okungenisa ayavalwa. Kulesi sigaba, ingxube iyacindezelwa futhi ivutha. Kwenzekani lapho i-piston idlula i-TDC? Iqondiswe phansi futhi i-exhaust channel ivuliwe, lapho amagesi e-exhaust ephuma ngaphandle. Amagesi aqoqwe ku-crankcase akhipha okweqile egunjini elivuthayo, ehlanza umgudu wokukhipha umoya.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zenjini enamasondo amabili?

Kwezinye izimoto, izinjini ezine-stroke ezimbili zidumile ngenxa yobulula bomklamo. Ngenxa yalokho, izingxenye eziningi akudingekile ukuba zikhiqizwe, okuholela ezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi asebenza kumodi yokushaywa kabili, njengomthetho, anamandla amaningi kanye ne-torque. Ukuntuleka kwe-pan kawoyela kusho ukuthi bangasebenza kunoma iyiphi indawo, hhayi ukuthi bame mpo. Ukuqala injini enjalo nakho kulula kakhulu. Iyunithi ifinyelela ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, okungenye inzuzo.

Okubi Okumbalwa Kwezinjini Ezine-Two Stroke

Ngakho-ke, uma amayunithi e-2T (yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-stroke amabili) anezinzuzo eziningi ezisobala, kungani asakazwa kabi kangaka? Isizathu esikhulu yizizathu zemvelo. Injini enama-stroke ama-4 ishisa uphethiloli omningi kakhulu kunenjini enama-stroke angu-XNUMX futhi ikhipha umoya oyingozi kakhulu. Abasebenzisi bezimoto futhi balindele ukusebenza okuthulile (ngaphandle kwamayunithi ezemidlalo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amamodeli ane-stroke amabili anomsindo, futhi lokhu kuyi-minus enkulu kakhulu kubanikazi bezimoto.

Idizili enezingqimba ezimbili - kungenzeka?

Injini kadizili ayisoze yaba ama-stroke amabili. Zimbili izinto okumele uzihlukanise phakathi kwenjini kadizili nenjini kadizili. Injini yokuqala iyakwazi ukusebenzisa uphethiloli kadizili ngemijikelezo emibili. Kodwa-ke, umjikelezo wedizili uqukethe izinguquko ezi-4: ezimbili ze-adiabatic, isochoric ne-isobaric. Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo we-diesel wesici ungenzeka kuphela kumayunithi angu-4-stroke. Idizili emibili? Cha. Idizili emibili? Yebo.

Injini ene-two-stroke - imuphi uphethiloli engawusebenzisa?

Idizayini ethokozisayo iyunithi evela ku-Cummins kanye ne-Achates. Iyunithi yamandla iyinjini enama-stroke amabili namapiston angu-4 kumasilinda angu-8. Zihamba zibhekene, futhi sonke isakhiwo sisebenza ngodizili. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuguqulwa okuncane, injini enama-stroke amabili ingasebenza futhi kuphethiloli, igesi noma i-hydrogen. Esikhathini esedlule, imiklamo yengcindezi ephakathi nayo yayinikwa amandla ngotshwala nophalafini.

Ngingayithola kuphi i-two-stroke?

Namuhla uzothola injini enama-stroke amabili ku:

• abagundayo;
• izithuthuthu;
• izithuthuthu ezincane;
• amasaha kaphethiloli. 

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iyunithi enamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C futhi injini ezimbili-stroke futhi ikhiqiza 109 hp. Kodwa-ke, mancane amathuba okuthi uhlangane naye, ngoba umsebenzi wakhe ukuphatha imikhumbi yamabhokisi. Elinye iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi le yunithi isebenzisa isistimu yamandla kaloliwe i-Common Rail. Lolu hlelo lube negalelo ekwehliseni okukhulu ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisayo kanye nomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni.

Indlela yokusebenzisa kahle injini enama-stroke amabili?

Ingabe unaso ibhulashi lokusika, isikuta noma isithuthuthu esinenjini enemivimbo emibili? Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhethwa kwamafutha. Sebenzisa leyo enconywe idivayisi noma umkhiqizi womshini. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthi injini enama-stroke amabili isetshenziswe ku-fuel-oil ingxube enesilinganiso esihlukile kunesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Uma kungenjalo, ukuqina kwezakhi zokungqubuzana enjini kuzokwehla kakhulu.

Lapho usebenzisa izinjini ze-2T, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ingxube phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, amafutha aqukethwe kuphethiloli ashintsha izici zawo zokugcoba futhi abangele ukuguga kwenjini.Ingabe injini enama-stroke amabili izobuya? Isibonelo sokuklama i-Cummins ne-Achates siwubufakazi bokuthi izinjini ezine-stroke azikafi okwamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zizoqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emishinini yamanzi enamandla nasezimotweni ezincane nezithuthuthu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunzima ukulindela usizi lwabo lokugcina. Kodwa ingabe bazobuyela ezimotweni unomphela? Kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile, kodwa umsindo abawenzayo uvame ukuvala abakhiqizi nabashayeli.

Injini enemivimbo emibili - idizayini yokushayela

Kunoma iyiphi injini ye-piston, igumbi lomlilo lidlala indima ebalulekile, futhi leli cala alifani. Ngaphakathi kwekamelo, i-piston ebekwe phezu kwenduku yokuxhuma ibuyisela. Injini enama-stroke amabili ibuye ifakwe i-carburetor, nakuba kukhona amayunithi ane-electronic fuel injection system. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu i-crankcase, enesibopho sokwenza i-vacuum kanye nokunyakaza kwe-ejenti evuthayo. Enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-2-stroke, kunekhanda le-cylinder. Kukhona namashaneli angenayo, ingcindezi neyokuphuma. Amakhandlela nawo abekwe ekhanda.

Yini engekho enjinini enama-stroke amabili?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini ye-4-stroke, injini ye-XNUMX-stroke ayinazo izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Imayelana:

• ama-valve e-cylinder;
• umqoqi wamafutha;
• uhlelo lwesikhathi.

Kungani lezi zakhi zingekho kuma-aggregate achaziwe? Ama-valve awadingeki ngoba i-piston inesibopho sokuvala nokuvula amachweba okungenisa nawokukhipha. Ngokuvamile ukuba khona kwabo akudingekile. I-oil sump ayidingeki, njengoba izingxenye ezisebenzayo zigcotshwa ngamafutha aqukethwe kungxube ye-fuel-air. Isikhathi futhi akwaziwa kusukela kumayunithi angama-4-stroke, ngoba senziwe lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini enezinhlangothi ezimbili - incazelo

Ukuze injini enemivimbo emibili yenze umsebenzi wayo, kufanele ithole amandla. Umjikelezo womsebenzi uqala ku-BDC yepiston. Njengoba yehla, kwakhiwa i-vacuum ku-crankcase egcwele ingxube. Lapho i-piston ikhuphuka, ama-exhaust namachweba okungenisa ayavalwa. Kulesi sigaba, ingxube iyacindezelwa futhi ivutha. Kwenzekani lapho i-piston idlula i-TDC? Iqondiswe phansi futhi i-exhaust channel ivuliwe, lapho amagesi e-exhaust ephuma ngaphandle. Amagesi aqoqwe ku-crankcase akhipha okweqile egunjini elivuthayo, ehlanza umgudu wokukhipha umoya.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zenjini enamasondo amabili?

Kwezinye izimoto, izinjini ezine-stroke ezimbili zidumile ngenxa yobulula bomklamo. Ngenxa yalokho, izingxenye eziningi akudingekile ukuba zikhiqizwe, okuholela ezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi asebenza kumodi yokushaywa kabili, njengomthetho, anamandla amaningi kanye ne-torque. Ukuntuleka kwe-pan kawoyela kusho ukuthi bangasebenza kunoma iyiphi indawo, hhayi ukuthi bame mpo. Ukuqala injini enjalo nakho kulula kakhulu. Iyunithi ifinyelela ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, okungenye inzuzo.

Okubi Okumbalwa Kwezinjini Ezine-Two Stroke

Ngakho-ke, uma amayunithi e-2T (yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-stroke amabili) anezinzuzo eziningi ezisobala, kungani asakazwa kabi kangaka? Isizathu esikhulu yizizathu zemvelo. Injini enama-stroke ama-4 ishisa uphethiloli omningi kakhulu kunenjini enama-stroke angu-XNUMX futhi ikhipha umoya oyingozi kakhulu. Abasebenzisi bezimoto futhi balindele ukusebenza okuthulile (ngaphandle kwamayunithi ezemidlalo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amamodeli ane-stroke amabili anomsindo, futhi lokhu kuyi-minus enkulu kakhulu kubanikazi bezimoto.

Idizili enezingqimba ezimbili - kungenzeka?

Injini kadizili ayisoze yaba ama-stroke amabili. Zimbili izinto okumele uzihlukanise phakathi kwenjini kadizili nenjini kadizili. Eyokuqala kubo, ngenxa ye-diesel fuel, ingasebenza futhi emijikelezweni emibili yokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, umjikelezo wedizili uqukethe izinguquko ezi-4: ezimbili ze-adiabatic, isochoric ne-isobaric. Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo we-diesel wesici ungenzeka kuphela kumayunithi angu-4-stroke. Idizili emibili? Cha. Idizili emibili? Yebo.

Injini ene-two-stroke - imuphi uphethiloli engawusebenzisa?

Idizayini ethokozisayo iyunithi evela ku-Cummins kanye ne-Achates. Iyunithi yamandla iyinjini enama-stroke amabili namapiston angu-4 kumasilinda angu-8. Zihamba zibhekene, futhi sonke isakhiwo sisebenza ngodizili. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuguqulwa okuncane, injini enama-stroke amabili ingasebenza futhi kuphethiloli, igesi noma i-hydrogen. Esikhathini esedlule, imiklamo yengcindezi ephakathi nayo yayinikwa amandla ngotshwala nophalafini.

Ngingayithola kuphi injini ye-stroke?

Namuhla uzothola injini enama-stroke amabili ku:

• abagundayo;
• izithuthuthu;
• izithuthuthu ezincane;
• amasaha kaphethiloli. 

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iyunithi enamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C futhi injini ezimbili-stroke futhi ikhiqiza 109 hp. Kodwa-ke, mancane amathuba okuthi uhlangane naye, ngoba umsebenzi wakhe ukuphatha imikhumbi yamabhokisi. Elinye iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi le yunithi isebenzisa isistimu yamandla kaloliwe i-Common Rail. Lolu hlelo lube negalelo ekwehliseni okukhulu ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisayo kanye nomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni.

Indlela yokusebenzisa kahle injini enama-stroke amabili?

Ingabe unaso ibhulashi lokusika, isikuta noma isithuthuthu esinenjini enemivimbo emibili? Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhethwa kwamafutha. Sebenzisa leyo enconywe idivayisi noma umkhiqizi womshini. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthi injini enama-stroke amabili isetshenziswe ku-fuel-oil ingxube enesilinganiso esihlukile kunesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Uma kungenjalo, ukuqina kwezakhi zokungqubuzana enjini kuzokwehla kakhulu.

Lapho usebenzisa izinjini ze-2T, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ingxube phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, amafutha aqukethwe kuphethiloli ashintsha izici zawo zokugcoba futhi abangele ukuguga kwenjini.Ingabe injini enama-stroke amabili izobuya? Isibonelo sokuklama i-Cummins ne-Achates siwubufakazi bokuthi izinjini ezine-stroke azikafi okwamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zizoqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emishinini yamanzi enamandla nasezimotweni ezincane nezithuthuthu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunzima ukulindela usizi lwabo lokugcina. Kodwa ingabe bazobuyela ezimotweni unomphela? Kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile, kodwa umsindo abawenzayo uvame ukuvala abakhiqizi nabashayeli.