Sala kahle amakhukhi e-inthanethi. Imali enkulu ngokumelene nelungelo lokungalandelelwa

Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, i-Google yamemezela ukuthi isiphequluli sayo samanje esikhonyayo ezimakethe, i-Chrome, izoyeka ukugcina amakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle, okungamafayela amancane avumela abasebenzisi ukulandelela umsebenzisi nokwenza okuqukethwe abakunikezayo kube ngokwakho, eminyakeni emibili (1). Isimo emhlabeni wemidiya nokukhangisa sibikela esitatimendeni: "Lokhu ukuphela kwe-inthanethi njengoba sisazi."

Ikhukhi ye-HTTP (okuhunyushwe ngokuthi ikhukhi) umbhalo omncane iwebhusayithi ewuthumela esipheqululini futhi isiphequluli esiwuthumelayo ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho iwebhusayithi ifinyelelwa khona. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugcina izikhathi isibonelo, ngokudala nokuthumela i-ID yesikhashana ngemva kokungena ngemvume. Nokho, ingasetshenziswa kabanzi nge ukugcina noma iyiphi idathaengafakwa ngekhodi njenge umucu wezinhlamvu. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzisi akudingeki ukuthi afake ulwazi olufanayo njalo lapho ebuyela kulelo khasi noma esuka kwelinye ikhasi aye kwelinye.

Indlela yekhukhi yasungulwa isisebenzi sangaphambili se-Netscape Communications - Lou Montuelfuthi yamiswa ngokwe-RFC 2109 ngokubambisana ne David M. Kristol ngo-1997. Izinga lamanje lichazwe ku-RFC 6265 kusukela ngo-2011.

I-Fox iyavimba, i-Google iyaphendula

Cishe kusukela ekusungulweni kwe-inthanethi amakhukhi esetshenziselwa ukuqoqa idatha yomsebenzisi. Ayengamathuluzi amakhulu futhi asengamathuluzi amakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo sekwandile. Cishe zonke izifundo ezisetshenziswa emakethe yokukhangisa ku-inthanethi amakhukhi ukukhomba, ukukhomba kabusha, ukubonisa izikhangiso noma ukudala amaphrofayili okuziphatha komsebenzisi. Kwakukhona izimo i-inthanethilapho izinhlangano eziningana ezihlukene zigcina amakhukhi.

Ukukhula okukhulu kwemali engenayo evela Ukukhangisa nge-inthanethi iminyaka engu-20 edlule ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhomba okuncane okuhlinzekwa ngamakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle. Nini ukukhangisa kwedijithali Lokhu kuye kwasiza ukuzuza ukuhlukaniswa kwezethameli okungakaze kubonwe kanye nesibaluli sakho, kukusize ubophe isu lakho lokumaketha emiphumeleni yezindlela ebezicishe zingafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezivamile zemidiya.

Abathengi i abameli bobumfihlo iminyaka, baye bakhathazeka kakhulu ngokuthi ezinye izinkampani ziwasebenzisa kanjani amakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze zilandelele abasebenzisi ngaphandle kokubonisa izinto obala noma imvume ecacile. Ikakhulukazi ukubukeka umkhangisi eqala kabusha ukuthumela izikhangiso ezihlosiwe kwenza lolu hlobo lokulandela lubonakale, okucasule abasebenzisi abaningi. Konke lokhu kwaholela ukwanda kwenani labantu abasebenzisa izivimbeli zezikhangiso.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kubonakala sengathi izinsuku zamakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle zibaliwe. Kufanele zinyamalale ku-inthanethi futhi wabelane ngesiphetho sobuchwepheshe be-flash noma ukukhangisa okunolaka okujwayelekile kubasebenzisi abadala be-inthanethi. Izimemezelo zokwehla kwabo zaqala Impungushe yomliloovimbe yonke into amakhukhi okulandelela umuntu wesithathu (2).

Sesivele sibhekane nokuvinjwa kwekhukhi lenkampani yangaphandle esipheqululini seSafari se-Apple, kodwa lokhu akukakakhiqizi amazwana abanzi okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, ithrafikhi yeFirefox yinkinga enkulu kakhulu emangaze imakethe. Kwenzeke ekupheleni kuka-2019. Izikhangiso ze-Google ze-Chrome zifundwa njengokusabela kulokhu kunyakaza, njengoba abasebenzisi bazoqala ukuthuthela ngobuningi baye ekuvikelweni kobumfihlo okungcono kakhulu. uhlelo olunempungushe kulogo.

2. Vimba amakhukhi okulandelela kuFirefox

"Ukwakha Inethiwekhi Eyimfihlo Kakhudlwana"

Izinguquko ekuphatheni amakhukhi ku-Chrome (3) zamenyezelwa yi-Google kusasele iminyaka emibili, ngakho-ke kufanele kulindelwe ingxenye yokuqala ka-2022. Nokho, akubona bonke abakholelwa ukuthi kunesizathu sokukhathazeka okukhulu ngalokhu.

3. Khubaza amakhukhi ku-Chrome

Okokuqala, ngoba babhekisela "kumakhukhi" enkampani yangaphandle, okungukuthi, hhayi kumshicileli oqondile wewebhusayithi, kodwa kubalingani bayo. Indawo yesimanje ihlanganisa okuqukethwe okuvela emithonjeni ehlukene. Isibonelo, izindaba nesimo sezulu kungase kuvele kubahlinzeki bezinkampani zangaphandle. Amawebhusayithi asebenzisana nozakwethu bezobuchwepheshe ukuze akwazi ukuletha izikhangiso ezifanele ezibonisa imikhiqizo namasevisi athakaselwa kakhulu abasebenzisi bokugcina. Amakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle asiza ukubona abasebenzisi kwamanye amawebhusayithi asejwayele ukuhlinzeka ngokuqukethwe okufanele kanye nokukhangisa.

Isusa amakhukhi enkampani yangaphandle kuzoba nemiphumela ehlukene. Isibonelo, ukulondoloza nokungena ngemvume ezinsizeni zangaphandle ngeke kusebenze, futhi ikakhulukazi, ngeke kwenzeke ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa ngama-akhawunti enethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi. Kuzophinde kukuvimbele ekulandeleleni lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Izindlela Zokuguqula Isikhangiso, i.e. abakhangisi ngeke bakwazi ukulandelela ngokunembile ukusebenza nokufaneleka kwezikhangiso zabo njengoba zenza manje akunakwenzeka ukucacisa kahle ukuthi abasebenzisi bachofoza ini nokuthi yiziphi izenzo abazenzayo. Akufani nabakhangisi kufanele bakhathazeke, ngoba abashicileli baphila ngemali engenayo yokukhangisa.

Eposini lami lebhulogi le-Google Justin Schuh, I-CTO ye-Chrome, ichaze ukuthi ukususa amakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle kuhloswe ngawo "ukudala iwebhu eyimfihlo." Nokho, abamelene nalolu shintsho baphendula ngokuthi amakhukhi enkampani yangaphandle awayivezi imininingwane yomuntu siqu kulawa maqembu ngokungahambisani nentando yomsebenzisi. Empeleni, abasebenzisi abaku-inthanethi evulekile babonakala ngesihlonzi esingahleliwe.kanye nozakwethu bokukhangisa nobuchwepheshe bangase babe nokufinyelela kokuthakaselayo okungachazwanga komsebenzisi nokuziphatha. Okuhlukile kulokhu kungaziwa yilokho okuqoqa futhi kugcine ulwazi lomuntu siqu, ukuxhumana nomuntu siqu kanye nolwazi lomngane, umlando wosesho nokuthenga, kanye nemibono yezombusazwe.

Ngokwedatha ye-Google uqobo, izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zizoholela ekwehleni kwenzuzo yomshicileli ngo-62%. Lokhu kuzothinta ikakhulukazi labo bashicileli noma izinkampani ezingakwazi ukuthembela kuzo isisekelo esiqinile sabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe. Okunye okungasho ukuthi ngemuva kwalezi zinguquko, abakhangisi abengeziwe bangase baphendukele emidondoshiya efana ne-Google ne-Facebook njengoba bekwazi ukulawula nokulinganisa izethameli zezikhangiso. Futhi mhlawumbe yilokho kuphela.

Noma ingabe ilungele abashicileli?

Akuwona wonke umuntu ophelelwe yithemba. Abanye abantu babona lezi zinguquko njengethuba labashicileli. Nini ukuqondisa kwekhukhi lenkampani yangaphandle zinyamalale, amakhukhi abalulekile, okungukuthi lawo avela ngokuqondile kubashicileli bewebhu, azobaluleke kakhulu, kusho abanethemba. Bakholelwa ukuthi idatha evela kubashicileli ingaba yigugu kakhulu kunanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuziwa ubuchwepheshe beseva yesikhangisoabashicileli bangashintshela ekhasini eliyinhloko ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokhu, imikhankaso ingaboniswa cishe ngokufana nangaphambi koshintsho kuziphequluli, futhi lonke ibhizinisi lokukhangisa lizoba ngasohlangothini lwabashicileli.

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi imali yezikhangiso emikhankasweni ye-inthanethi izosala kudluliselwa kusuka kumodeli yokukhomba indlela yokuziphatha kuya kumamodeli womongo. Ngakho, sizobona ukubuya kwezinqumo zesikhathi esedlule. Esikhundleni sezikhangiso ezisuselwa kumlando wokuphequlula, abasebenzisi bazothola izikhangiso ezifanelana nokuqukethwe netimu yekhasi abavezwa kulo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni amakhukhi ingase ivele ama-ID omsebenzisi. Lesi sixazululo sesivele sisetshenziswa abadlali abakhulu bemakethe. I-Facebook ne-Amazon zisebenza kuma-ID wabasebenzisi. Kodwa ungasitholaphi isitifiketi esinjalo? Manje, uma umshicileli enohlobo oluthile lwesevisi ye-inthanethi umsebenzisi adinga ukungena kulo, banama-ID wabasebenzisi. Lokhu kungaba isevisi ye-VoD, ibhokisi leposi, noma ukubhalisa. Izihlonzi zinganikezwa idatha ehlukile - njengobulili, iminyaka, njll. Enye inzuzo ukuthi kukhona eyodwa isihlonzi esabelwe umuntuhhayi eyedivayisi ethile. Ngale ndlela izikhangiso zakho ziqondiswe kubantu bangempela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye idatha engahlobene ngokuqondile nomsebenzisi, kodwa ngokungaqondile, ingasetshenziselwa ukukhangisa okuqondiwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi iqondise izikhangiso zakho ngokusekelwe esimweni sezulu, indawo, idivayisi, isistimu yokusebenza...

U-Apple uphinde wajoyina izigwili ekushayeni ibhizinisi lokukhangisa nge-inthanethi. Isibuyekezo se-iOS 14 ehlobo lika-2020, inikeze umsebenzisi inketho yokuvala ukulandelela isikhangiso somsebenzisi ngamabhokisi ezingxoxo ebabuza ukuthi ingabe "bavunyelwe ukulandela" futhi iyalele izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi "zingalandeli". Kunzima ukucabanga abantu abafuna ngokukhethekile izinketho abangazilandelela. I-Apple futhi yethule isici sokubika esihlakaniphile. ubumfihlo be-safariokuzokhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ubani okulandelayo.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-Apple ibavimba ngokuphelele abakhangisi. Kodwa-ke, yethula imithetho emisha ngokuphelele yomdlalo ogxile kubumfihlo, abathuthukisi abayithola enguqulweni entsha yemibhalo ebizwa ngokuthi. I-SKadNetwork. Le mithetho ivumela, ikakhulukazi, ukuqoqwa kwedatha engaziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo, isibonelo, ukuba nedatha yomuntu siqu yomsebenzisi ku-database. Lokhu kwephula amamodeli wokukhangisa asesetshenziswe iminyaka, njenge-CPA namanye.

Njengoba ubona, kumakhukhi amancane angabonakali kunempi enkulu yemali eyengeziwe. Isiphetho sabo sisho ukuphela kwezinye izinto eziningi eziqondise ukuhamba kwemali abadlali abaningi bemakethe ye-inthanethi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi siphetho, njengokujwayelekile, ukuqala kwento entsha, namanje akwaziwa kahle ukuthi yini.

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