Uphuthelwe iphrojekthi. I-Great Alaska-class cruisers ingxenye 2

Isikebhe esikhulu i-USS Alaska ngesikhathi sohambo lokuqeqeshwa ngo-August 1944. I-NHHC

Imikhumbi ecatshangelwa lapha bekungeyeqembu elihlukile lamaphrojekthi afanayo angu-10 ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi anezici ezihluke kakhulu emikhunjini yempi eshesha kakhulu eyisici sama-30s nama-40s. Ezinye zazifana nemikhumbi yempi encane (uhlobo lwe-German Deutschland) noma abagibeli bezikebhe ezisindayo (njenge-Soviet Ch project), ezinye zaziyizinguqulo ezishibhile nezibuthakathaka zemikhumbi yempi esheshayo (i-French Dunkirk ne-Strasbourg pair kanye ne-German Scharnhorst "kanye" ne-Gneisenau ") . Imikhumbi engakathengiswa noma engaqediwe kwakuyilezi: imikhumbi yempi yaseJalimane i-O, P no-Q, imikhumbi yempi yaseSoviet i-Kronstadt ne-Stalingrad, imikhumbi yempi yamaDashi yohlobo lwe-1940, kanye nemikhumbi yaseJapane ehleliwe i-B-64 ne-B-65, efana kakhulu ne I-Alaska class ". Kulesi sigaba se-athikili, sizobheka umlando wokusebenza kwalezi zikebhe ezinkulu, okumele kuchazwe ngokucacile, kwakuyiphutha le-US Navy.

I-prototype yabagibeli abasha, abaqokwe i-CB 1, yabekwa ngoDisemba 17, 1941 endaweni yokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi eNew York Shipyard eCamden - ezinsukwini eziyishumi nje ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbor. Isigaba esisha semikhumbi saqanjwa ngezizinda ezingaphansi kwe-United States, ezaziyihlukanisa nemikhumbi yempi ebizwa ngokuthi izifunda noma ama-cruisers abizwa ngokuthi amadolobha. Iyunithi ye-prototype yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Alaska.

Ngo-1942, kwakucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuguqula abagibeli abasha babe abathwali bezindiza. Kwakhiwe umdwebo wokuqala kuphela, okhumbuza abathwali bezindiza ze-Essex, ene-freeboard ephansi, ukuphakanyiswa kwezindiza ezimbili kuphela, kanye nedekhi yendiza ye-asymmetrical enwetshiwe echwebeni (ukulinganisa isisindo se-superstructure kanye nezibhamu ezimaphakathi ezitholakala ku-starboard. side). Ngenxa yalokho, lo msebenzi uyekwa.

I-cruiser's hull yethulwa ngoJulayi 15, 1943. Umkambusi wase-Alaska, uDorothy Grüning, waba unkulunkulukazi, futhi uMkhuzi uPeter K. Fischler wathatha izintambo zokuqondisa umkhumbi. Umkhumbi wadonselwa eFiladelphia Navy Yard, lapho kwaqala khona umsebenzi wokugqoka izingubo. Umkhuzi omusha, owayenolwazi lokulwa nabagibeli bemikhumbi abasindayo (wasebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, eMinneapolis ngesikhathi seMpi Yasolwandle LwaseCoral), waphendukela kuMkhandlu Wezempi Wasemanzini ukuze aphawule ngemikhumbi emisha, futhi wabhala incwadi ende nebucayi kakhulu. Phakathi kwamaphutha, ubalule i-wheelhouse egcwele abantu abaningi, ukuntuleka kwezindawo zokuhlala zezikhulu zamasosha asolwandle eziseduze kanye nezindawo zokuhamba, kanye nebhuloho elibonisa izimpawu ezinganele (naphezu kwesiphakamiso sokuthi lalihloselwe ukusebenza njengeyunithi ye-flagship). Ugxeke amandla anganele esistimu yokuqhuma, engazange inikeze noma iyiphi inzuzo phezu kwemikhumbi yempi, kanye noshimula abangenazikhali. Ucabange ukubeka izindiza zasolwandle kanye nama-catapults phakathi kwemikhumbi njengokumosha kwendawo, ingasaphathwa eyokukhawulela ama-engeli okudubula ezikhali ezilwa nezindiza. Ucele ukuthi esikhundleni sazo kufakwe ezinye iziqhumane ezimbili ze-127 mm medium. Uphinde wabikezela ukuthi i-Combat Information Centre, engaphansi kwedekhi yezikhali, izogcwala njengendlu yamasondo. Ephendula, inhloko yoMkhandlu Omkhulu, iCadmium. UGilbert J. Rowcliffe wabhala ukuthi indawo yomlawuli yayisendaweni yomyalo wezikhali (umbono ongenangqondo ngokuphelele ezintweni ezingokoqobo ze-1944), futhi ngokuvamile, umkhumbi omkhulu nowesimanje wabekwa ngaphansi komyalo wakhe. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto zezikhali (izibhamu ezifakwe phakathi maphakathi ne-127mm kanye ne-40mm) kanye nokuqondisa nokulawula umkhumbi kwaba umphumela wokuyekethisa okwenziwa phakathi nesigaba sokuklama.

Ngo-June 17, 1944, i-Alaska cruiser enkulu yafakwa ngokusemthethweni eMbuthweni Wezempi Wasemanzini wase-US, kodwa amathuluzi nokulungiselela uhambo lokuqala lwesivivinyo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umkhumbi wangena khona wodwa eMfuleni iDelaware okokuqala ngqa, wedlula amabhayela amane waze wafika echwebeni eliholela emanzini avulekile e-Atlantic. Ngo-Agasti 6, indiza yokuqeqesha yaqala. Ngisho nasemanzini e-Delaware Bay, ukudubula kwecala ngesibhamu esikhulu kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale amaphutha okungenzeka akhona esakhiweni sesikebhe. Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwabo, i-Alaska yangena emanzini e-Chesapeake Bay eduze kwaseNorfolk, lapho ezinsukwini ezilandelayo kwenziwa zonke izivivinyo ezingenzeka ukuze izisebenzi nomkhumbi zilungele ukulwa ngokugcwele.

Ekupheleni kuka-August, i-Alaska, kanye nomkhumbi wempi i-Missouri kanye nababhubhisi u-Ingram, uMoale no-Allen M. Sumner, bahoxa baya eziqhingini zaseBrithani iTrinidad neTobago. Lapho, ukuzivocavoca okuhlangene kwaqhubeka ethekwini laseParia. NgoSepthemba 14, izisebenzi zaqeqeshelwa ukusebenza ezimeni ezihlukahlukene eziphuthumayo. Kokunye uvivinyo, i-Alaska yadonsa umkhumbi wempi iMissouri—okubikwa ukuthi kwaba ukuphela kwesikhathi lapho umkhumbi wempi edonsa khona umkhumbi wempi. Endleleni ebuyela eNorfolk, kwenziwa ibhomu elihlekisayo ngasogwini lwaseCulebra Island (Puerto Rico). Ngomhla lu-1 kuMfumfu, umkhumbi wangena e-Philadelphia Navy Yard futhi ekupheleni kwenyanga wawusuhloliwe, wafakwa kabusha (okuhlanganisa nezibhamu ezine ezingekho eMk 57 AA), ukulungiswa nokushintshwa okuncane. Eyodwa

enye yazo kwakuwukwengezwa komgodi ovulekile ozungeza iposi lomyalo wezikhali (yayikuGuam kusukela ekuqaleni). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yama-engeli okudubula we-turret yesibhamu esiphakathi, yayincane kakhulu ukuthi ingasetshenziswa njengebhuloho lempi, njengoba kwakunjalo ezikhungweni zempi zesigaba sase-Iowa.

Ngomhla zili-12 kuLwezi, isikebhe sahamba ngokuzivocavoca amasonto amabili saya eGuantanamo Bay eCuba. Phakathi nohambo, kwahlolwa isivinini esikhulu futhi kwatholakala umphumela wamafindo angu-33,3. Ngo-December 2, i-Alaska, ihambisana nombhubhisi uThomas E. Fraser, yalibangisa ngasePanama Canal. Ngo-December 12, imikhumbi yafinyelela eSan Diego, eCalifornia, ogwini olusempumalanga lwase-US. Izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuzivocavoca okujulile kwenziwa endaweni yaseSan Clemente Island, kodwa ngenxa yomsindo ophazamisayo ovela emayini 4, idivayisi yathunyelwa eSan Francisco Navy Yard, lapho yangena khona endaweni eyomile ukuze ihlolwe futhi ilungiswe. Lapho, izisebenzi zahlangana ngonyaka omusha, ngo-1945.