Umncintiswano wokukhiqiza i-Airbus ne-Boeing ngo-2018

I-prototype yesizukulwane esilandelayo i-Boeing 777-9X ihlanganiswe esitshalweni se-Everett. Izithombe ze-Boeing

Ngonyaka odlule, abakhiqizi ababili abakhulu, i-Airbus ne-Boeing, baletha irekhodi lezindiza zezentengiselwano ezingu-1606 ezinhlanganweni zezindiza futhi bathola ama-oda angu-1640. Ngaphambi kancane kwe-Boeing ekulethweni nasekuthengisweni kwaminyaka yonke, kodwa i-Airbus inencwadi yoku-oda enkulu. Inani lezindiza ezinenkontileka liye landa laya kumayunithi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-13,45, okuthi, ezingeni lamanje lokukhiqiza, linikeze iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Okudume kakhulu uchungechunge lwe-A320neo ne-Boeing 737 MAX, ezithole isihloko sendiza ethengiswa kakhulu emlandweni.

Ezokuthutha ngendiza imboni yezokuthutha ethuthuka ngamandla, kodwa idinga izindleko ezinkulu kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqesheke kakhulu. Imisebenzi yezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke yenziwa yizindiza ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ezinendiza yendiza yabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-29,3. indiza. Isibalo semikhumbi sikhula kancane kancane futhi isibalo sabagibeli siphindeka kabili njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe intuthuko eyengeziwe, imikhumbi kufanele ikhule ngezinombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho eqinile yezemvelo kanye nezintengo zikaphethiloli wendiza ezishintshashintshayo ziphoqa abathwali ukuthi bayeke ukuqeda izindiza ezibiza kancane. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili bazothenga izindiza ezinkulu ezingu-37,4 5,8 zizodwa. izingcezu, ngenani lama- $ 1870 trillion. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi kuzofanele balethe izindiza eziyi-XNUMX ezinhlanganweni zezindiza minyaka yonke.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, imakethe yomkhiqizi ibilawulwa amalebula aseMelika naseSoviet, futhi i-Airbus yajoyina umbango eminyakeni engama-47 edlule. Umkhiqizi waseYurophu ubelokhu ethula njalo izindiza zesimanje eziye zaphumelela kwezohwebo futhi bezilokhu ziqinisa izikhundla zazo emakethe yomhlaba unyaka nonyaka. Ukuncintisana nokuhlanganiswa embonini yezindiza kushiye abakhiqizi ababili abakhulu bezindiza ezinkulu zokuxhumana: i-American Boeing ne-European Airbus. Ukuqhudelana kwabo yindaba ethokozisayo yemizabalazo yezomnotho netheknoloji eseyifanekisela umbango wezomnotho phakathi kwe-United States ne-European Union.

Umsebenzi womdidiyeli ngo-2018

I-Airbus ne-Boeing bakhe izindiza zezentengiselwano ezingu-1606 ngonyaka odlule, okuhlanganisa i-Boeing 806 (isabelo semakethe esingu-50,2%) kanye ne-Airbus 800, ephakeme kunayo yonke eyake yaba khona. Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kwakhiqizwa ezinye izindiza ezingu-125 (ukwanda kwe-8,4%), okuyi-Airbus ngo-82, i-Boeing ngo-43. Isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sibalwa ngezindiza ezinomzimba omncane we-Airbus A320 kanye nochungechunge lwe-Boeing 737, okuyizi-1206 zazo zakhiwe sezizonke, okubalelwa ku-75% wokudiliva. Lezi kwakuyizimoto zesimanje, ezihambisana nemvelo, izimoto ezingu-340. izihlalo zabagibeli. Inani labo lekhathalogi lalilinganiselwa ku-$230 billion.

Bobabili abakhiqizi bathola ama-oda ezindiza ze-1921, okuhlanganisa: i-Boeing - 1090, ne-Airbus - 831. Nokho, kucatshangelwa ukukhanselwa okungu-281 ezinkontilekeni eziphothulwe ngaphambilini, ukuthengiswa kwenetha kwaba amayunithi angu-1640, okuthi: Boeing - 893 kanye ne-Airbus - 747. kwezinye izimo, abathwali baye bashintsha izinkontileka zangaphambilini kusukela kumamodeli amancane kuya kwamakhulu noma anamuhla. Inani lekhathalogi lama-oda aphelele atholiwe lalingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-240,2, okuhlanganisa: I-Boeing - $143,7 billion, i-Airbus - $96,5 billion.

Ngokwesiko, inani elibalulekile lezinkontileka zaphothulwa emibukisweni emikhulu yomoya. Isibonelo, embukisweni wangonyaka odlule i-Farnborough, i-Boeing ithole ama-oda noma izibopho zezindiza ezingu-673 (kuhlanganise ne-564 B737 MAX kanye ne-52 B787), kuyilapho i-Airbus ithengisa izindiza ezingu-431, ezingu-93 zazo okwakungama-oda aqinisekisiwe kanye nezibopho ezingu-338. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi inani elibonakalayo lezinkontileka eziqedwayo ekupheleni konyaka. Endabeni ye-Airbus iyodwa, kwasayinwa izinkontileka eziyisibopho zezindiza ezingama-323 ngesonto lokugcina lonyaka, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-66 kuphela kuyo yonke ikota yokuqala. U-2018 unyuse amanani ohlu ngesilinganiso esingu-2%, isb. A380 ikhuphuke isuka ku-$436,9M yaya $445,6M).

Ekupheleni kuka-2018, amaphothifoliyo ama-oda avelele atholakala kuzo zombili izinkampani ayenezikhundla ze-13, okuthi, ezingeni lamanje lokukhiqiza, libanikeze iminyaka engaphezu kweyisishiyagalombili. Lesi yisibalo esiphezulu kakhulu emlandweni wemboni yezokundiza emhlabeni wonke. Inani lekhathalogi yendiza enenkontileka ilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama- $450. Ukuze uqhathanise, kufanelekile ukusho lapha ukuthi lokhu kuphindwe kathathu, ngokwesibonelo, i-GDP yasePoland. I-Airbus inebhuku loku-oda elikhudlwana - 2,0 7577 (isabelo esingu-56%). Phakathi kwezindiza ezisalinde ukudayiswa, inani elikhulu lezindiza ezinomzimba omncane yi-11,2. ama-pcs (84% wemakethe). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakilasi amakhulu e-VLA (izihlalo ezingaphezu kwe-400 noma ezinempahla efanayo) angama-111 kuphela, futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi i-Airbus A380.

Imiphumela yokukhiqiza i-Airbus

Naphezu kwezinselelo ezinkulu zokusebenza, i-Airbus ikwazile ukugcina lo mkhuba ngokukhuphula umkhiqizo futhi futhi inikeze inombolo erekhodiwe yendiza kumakhasimende ngo-2018. Ngithanda ukuzwakalisa ukuncoma nokuhlonipha kwami ​​amaqembu ethu emhlabeni jikelele. Sikweleta lo mphumela ngenxa yemizamo yabo nokusebenza kanzima kwabo kuze kube yizinsuku zokugcina zonyaka. Asithokozile kangako ngenani eliqinile lama-oda amasha, njengoba lokhu kukhombisa isimo esihle semakethe yezindiza zomphakathi kanye nokusethemba osonkontileka bethu abakubeka kithi. Ngithanda ukubabonga kakhulu ngokuqhubeka nokungeseka. “Ekuthungatheni kwethu izixazululo ezizosenza sikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni zethu, siyaqhubeka nokubeka eqhulwini ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwebhizinisi lethu,” kusho uGuillaume Faury, umongameli we-Airbus Commercial Aircraft, ememezela imiphumela yangonyaka odlule.

Ngonyaka odlule bekungomunye unyaka omuhle ku-Airbus. Umkhiqizi waseYurophu ulethe izindiza ezingama-93 kubaqhubi abangama-800, ezimele ama-49,8% emakethe yomhlaba wonke yabakhiqizi bezindiza abanomthamo wezihlalo eziyi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Lona umphumela omuhle kakhulu emlandweni we-consortium, kanye nokwanda kweshumi nesithupha okulandelanayo kokukhiqiza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kwakhiwe ezinye izindiza ezingu-82. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuhlolwa imiphumela yokusebenza, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka i-Airbus ithole amasheya enkampanini yaseCanada ekhiqiza futhi idayise i-Bombardier CSeries.

Engxenyeni yezindiza ezinomzimba omncane, i-Airbus yaqopha irekhodi lomhlaba elisha lokudiliva: 646, isuka ku-558 ngonyaka odlule. Ukulethwa kwezimoto ezinomzimba obanzi kufinyelele ku-142 futhi zehle ngamayunithi angu-18, isibalo sama-A350 esakhiwe sikhuphuke ngo-15, sisuka ku-78 saya ku-93 amayunithi, kanti i-A330 yehla isuka kumayunithi angu-67 yaya ku-49, isuka ku-380 yaya ku-15 units.

Inani lekhathalogi yendiza eyakhiwe lilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-110 zamaRandi, kodwa inani langempela elitholwe ngemva kwezingxoxo nezaphulelo ezijwayelekile lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-US$60-70. Ngenxa yezinkinga zezinjini ze-A320neo/A321neo kanye nokudiliva kwazo okungaguquki, kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nemishini esebhodini, izibalo zanyanga zonke zokuthutha ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu. I-Airbus inikeze izindiza ezingama-27 ngoJanuwari, zingama-38 ngoFebhuwari, ezingama-56 ngoMashi, neziyi-127 ngoDisemba.

Indiza ethunyelwe opharetha (amayunithi angama-800) bekulezi zinguquko ezilandelayo: A220-100 - 4 amayunithi, A220-300 - 16, A319ceo - 8, A320ceo - 133, A320neo - 284, A321ceo - 99, A321, A102 - . 330 - 200, A14-330 - 300, A32-330 - 900, A3-350 - 900, A79-350 - 1000 kanye ne-A14 - 380. Amakhasimende amakhulu kakhulu athole indiza entsha ngokuqondile kumenzi kwakuyizindiza ezivela ezifundeni: Asia kanye neziqhingi zasePacific Ocean - 12, iYurophu - 270 kanye neNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. – 135. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindiza ezingama-110 (amasheya angama-250%) zamukelwe yizinkampani eziqashisayo, ezazisabalalisa kubasebenzisi abangaba yishumi nambili emhlabeni jikelele.

Umkhiqizi waseYurophu uthole ama-oda avela ku-32 opharetha bezindiza ze-831, okuhlanganisa: indiza engu-712 enomzimba omncane (135 A220-300, 5 A319ceo, 22 A319neo, 19 A320ceo, 393 A320neo, 2 A321ceo kanye ne-A136 kanye ne-321 A37 kanye ne-330 A6 kanye ne-330 A200) 3 A330 -300, 8 A330-800, 20 A330-900 kanye 62 A350-61), 350 A900 (1 A350-1000 futhi 20 A380-117,2) kanye 84 A20,7. Ezintengo zohlu, inani lama-oda atholwe lalingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-36. Kodwa-ke, i-Airbus iqophe ukukhanselwa okungu-320 kwezindiza ezithengwe ngaphambilini ngenani lekhathalogi lika-$10 billion. Isihloko sokwesula bekuyizi: izindiza ezingama-330 A22, izindiza eziyi-350 ze-A16, izindiza ezingama-380 ze-A747 kanye nezindiza eziyi-45,5 ze-A96,5. Uma kucatshangelwa izinguquko ezenziwe, ukuthengiswa kwensalela kwafinyelela kumayunithi angama-25 (isabelo semakethe esingu-1109%). Lona futhi umphumela omuhle futhi omunye omuhle kakhulu emlandweni wemboni yezindiza. Ingqikithi yama-oda ekhathalogi etholiwe ingu-$320 billion. Imiphumela yonyaka odlule ingaphansi ngo-531% kunonyaka odlule (330). Uchungechunge lwe-A350neo luyaqhubeka nokujabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu, nge-oda eliphelele lezindiza ezingu-XNUMX. Le modeli iqinisekisa isihloko "sendiza ethengiswa kakhulu emlandweni", kuyilapho i-wide-body AXNUMX ne-AXNUMX ijabulela isithakazelo esilinganiselwe kubathwali.