Izimpawu zokubamba okungasebenzi kahle kwemoto

I-clutch yemoto iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudlulisela, isimo sobuchwepheshe esinquma ukunethezeka nokuphepha kwethrafikhi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-clutch ingadinga ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa, nokushintshwa, kuye ngezinga lokuguga. I-clutch iyi-node ebizwa ngokuthi "i-consumable", ngoba isekelwe ezingxenyeni zokungqubuzana, nezingxenye ezingaphansi komthwalo ophezulu njalo. Okulandelayo, sizobona ukuthi singakuhlonza kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch, hlobo luni lokuphuka okwenzekayo nokuthi ungalulungisa kanjani.

Okufaka isandla ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwe-clutch

Isizathu sokuqala nesiyinhloko sokusheshisa ukugqoka i-clutch ukuphatha ngokunganaki komshayeli, okungukuthi, ukuqala kungazelelwe, ukushelela, ukubamba i-clutch pedal isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kunezingxenye ezimbili ku-clutch ezihluleka ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi, ngokufanele, azibekezeleli izimo zokusebenza ezinzima - i-clutch friction disc kanye ne-bearing bear. I-clutch disc iqala ukuguga ngokushesha, futhi ukugqoka kwayo okukhulayo kubonakala ngephunga elithile, elibizwa ngokuthi "i-clutch eshisiwe", kanye ne-release bear, ngenxa ye-idling isikhathi eside, ama-crunches nama-buzzes.

Iphuzu lesibili liseqophelweni lezingxenye. Uma uthenga i-clutch ngokwehlukana, umehluko wekhwalithi yezingxenye uthinta kabi yonke inhlangano. I-clutch yekhwalithi engeyinhle isebenza kancane, kwesinye isikhathi iyashelela. Futhi ekugcineni, isizathu sesithathu ukufakwa kwe-clutch okungalungile. Kungaba okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• idiski yomshikisho ifakiwe ibheke phansi;
• ukukhululwa akuhlali phansi ngokwanele endaweni yaso;
• idiski bamba ayizange igxile ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwe-Clutch

Kunezinkomba eziningi eziqondile nezingaqondile zokugqoka i-clutch. Ukunquma izizathu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngokucophelela ukuxilongwa, okungakhombisa ngqo ingxenye ethile engekho esimweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, uzofunda ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izizathu lapho ingxenye eyodwa noma enye yohlelo lwe-clutch yehlulekile.

Cabanga ngezimpawu eziyinhloko ezikhomba ngqo ukugqoka i-clutch:

• bamba is ayihlukanisiwe ngokuphelele. Lesi sici sibizwa ngokuthi "i-clutch lead", futhi senzeka ngenxa yokuthi lapho i-clutch pedal icindezelwe, ama-disc aqhutshwa nokushayela awavuli kahle, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuthinta ngandlela thile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinguquko zamagiya zihambisana nokuchofoza ama-synchronizers noma ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuvula igiya kuze kube yilapho umshayeli ekhama i-clutch kaningana;
• ukushelela kwediski eqhutshwa. Ukushibilika kwenzeka ngenxa yokunamathela okunganele ebusweni be-flywheel, okwenza ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kube nzima kakhulu. Lapho nje ukhipha i-clutch, uzobona ukwanda okukhulu kwama-revs, ngenkathi imoto izoshesha ngokubambezeleka. Ukushelela kuhambisana nephunga elinamandla le-ferrodo eshile, elibizwa nge- "clutch burning". Kuya ngezinga lokugqoka okunamathiselwe, ukushelela kungakubamba lapho ushayela ekwehleni, ngokusheshisa okucijile noma lapho imoto ilayishwe ngokugcwele;
• ukudlidliza nemisindo engaphandle... Izikhathi ezinjalo zivela lapho i-clutch ivuliwe futhi icishiwe, ngezindlela eziningi zikhuluma ngokungasebenzi kahle kwemithombo emifushane yediski eqhutshwa kanye nokukhishwa okuyiphutha kokukhishwa;
• bamba ijezi... Kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokunyakaza, futhi i-jerk nayo ingenzeka lapho ushintsha ngenkathi ushayela.

Ungahlola kanjani i-clutch

Uma wena, ngenkathi uqhuba imoto, uqaphela enye yezimpawu zokuziphatha okungalungile kwe-clutch ezichazwe ngenhla, funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuhlola i-clutch system ngaphandle kokukhipha i-gearbox.

"Kuhola" noma "Akuholeli"

Ukuze unqume ukuthi i-clutch "iyahola" noma cha, kufanele uhlole kanje: qala injini, cindezela i-clutch pedal bese uzama ukubandakanya igiya lokuqala noma lokuhlehla. Uma igiya libhekene nobunzima, lihambisana nemisindo ethile - lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-disc friction ayisuki ngokuphelele ku-flywheel.

Inketho yesibili yokuxilonga yenzeka ngokuhamba, lapho imoto ilayishwa noma yehla ekwehleni, ngenkathi uzokuzwa kahle iphunga le-clutch eshile.

Ingabe i-clutch iyashibilika

Ukuze uhlole, kufanele usebenzise ibhuleki lesandla. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi imoto kufanele ipakwe endaweni esezingeni. Siqala injini, cindezela i-clutch, sivule igiya lokuqala, kuyilapho i-handbrake ivuliwe. Uma imoto, lapho i-clutch pedal ikhishwa, izitolo, umhlangano we-clutch uyasebenza, kunoma yikuphi okunye ukuxilongwa kuyadingeka ngokukhishwa kwebhokisi le-gearbox. 

Ukuhlola ukugqokwa kwe-clutch

Kulula ukuhlola i-clutch ngokusho kohlelo olulandelayo:

1. Qala injini bese uhlanganyela igiya lokuqala.
2. Ukudedela ngokushelela i-clutch pedal, ngaphandle kwegesi, zama ukungena.

Uma imoto iqale ukuhamba ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukukhulula i-pedal, khona-ke i-clutch cishe ayigugi. "Ukubamba" kwe-clutch phakathi kwe-pedal amplitude - ukugqoka kungu-40-50%. Uma imoto iqala ukuhamba kuphela lapho i-clutch pedal ikhululwe ngokugcwele, lokhu kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle, kuyilapho idiski elishayelwayo nelokushayela lingase libe sesimweni esihle kakhulu, futhi isilinda sesigqila se-clutch sehlulekile noma intambo yeluliwe.

Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwe-clutch

Ngokuvamile, abanikazi bezimoto babhekene nenkinga yokungasebenzi ngokwanele kohlelo lwe-clutch kuphela lapho kutholakala izimpawu ezicacile. Izizathu eziqondile:

• gqoka kudrayivu noma idiski eqhutshwa, noma umhlangano. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, i-clutch iyakwazi ukusebenza ubuncane obunqunyiwe bamakhilomitha angama-70. Njengomthetho, i-disc yomshikashika nokukhululwa kuyaphela, futhi ibhasikidi uqobo kwesinye isikhathi lihlala lisebenza;
• ukusebenza kanzima kwemoto. Ukushibilika okuqhubekayo, ukucindezela ngokucijile esenzweni se-accelerator, ukuhambisa amagiya ngesivinini esikhulu ngokujikijela okubukhali kwe-clutch pedal kwenza i-disc yomshoshaphansi "ishe". Futhi, noma yikuphi ukulayishwa ngokweqile ngendlela yokweqa isisindo somgwaqo, ukukhuphuka i-angle eweni, kanye nemizamo "yokugxuma" ngaphandle komgwaqo, futhi "kushise" i-clutch ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunalokho ebingaguga;
• ukwehluleka kokuthwala okukhululiwe. Kulokhu, iqala "ukudla" amacembe obhasikidi, yingakho idiski eliqhutshwa liqala ukunamathela ngokukhululekile kuflowwheel;
• ukudlidliza lapho ukhulula/ubamba i-clutch. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-friction disc ijikeleza "engenzi lutho", futhi uma bezingekho iziphethu eziphambanayo ezinikezwe ekwakhiweni, ubuyohlale uzwa ukudlidliza. Iziphethu zivumela i-disk ukuthi ijikeleze ngaphandle kokudlidliza, futhi lapho zeluliwe, imithwalo yokudlidliza ku-shaft yokufaka iyanda, futhi ukuguga kwendawo yokusebenza ye-flywheel kuyanda.

Izizathu ezingenhla zivamile, futhi zihlale zenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto. Ngokuqondene nezizathu eziphuthumayo, nazo zanele:

• idiski eliqhutshwa ligugile ngaphambi kwawo wonke umuntu, kepha-ke, kokubili ubhasikidi kanye ne-flywheel kungasolwa ngokushelela ngenxa yobukhulu obanele bendawo yokusebenza;
• ubhasikidi ungalahlekelwa yizakhiwo zawo uma usushisiwe. Lokhu kubonakala kuphela lapho i-clutch isusiwe, uma unaka indawo yokusebenza yebhasikidi, i-shades eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikhombisa ukuthi iyunithi ibisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ngokweqile;
• Ukugqokwa kwe-clutch yakuqala nakho kwenzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-crankshaft oil seal yangemuva kanye ne-gearbox input shaft oil seal. Ukuqina kwezindlu ze-clutch kuyiphuzu elibalulekile, ngakho-ke ukuthola amafutha kuma-clutch akugcini nje ukufaka isandla ekusheleleni ngisho ne-clutch entsha, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekushintsheni ngokushesha umhlangano we-clutch;
• ukwehluleka mechanical izingxenye bamba. “Ukulahleka” kwamacembe obhasikidi, ukuthwala okugoqiwe okukhiphayo, ukubhujiswa kwediski eqhutshwa kwenzeka esimweni sokubamba esezingeni eliphansi, ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima kakhulu, nokushintshwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwophiko.

Ukuxazulula inkinga bamba

Ukuze uhlonze futhi uqede ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch, kuyadingeka ukuqonda uhlobo lokuziphatha kwe-clutch, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kokungasebenzi kahle kanye nolunye ulwazi lomklamo wesistimu, esizoxoxa ngakho ngokulandelayo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Clutch basket

Ukwehluleka kwebhasikidi yabo yokubamba kubonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:

• lapho ucindezela i-clutch, umsindo uyenziwa. Uma, lapho ususa u-gearbox nokuxazulula inkinga okulandelayo, idiski eqhutshwa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-clutch kusesimweni esijwayelekile, amacembe obhasikidi kungenzeka alahlekelwe yimpahla yawo yasentwasahlobo;
• ukwephuka kwengxenye yedayaphragm kubhasikidi noma ukuphula amacembe
• ukugqwala. Ithuba lokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwebhasikidi, uma ukugqwala kungaphezulu, kuncike ekujuleni kwe-warpage.

 I-disc clutch engalungile

Ukwehluleka kwediski eqhutshwa kwenzeka kaningi, kuvezwe ekuziphatheni okuyisici kwe-clutch, njengokuthi "ukushayela" nokushelela:

• ukulwa. Uma ingaphezu kuka-0,5 mm, i-disc friction izonamathela njalo kubhasikidi, ngenxa yokuthi i-clutch izoholela khona. I-Warping ingalungiswa ngomshini, kodwa uma isigqi sediski siphezulu, sidinga ukushintshwa;
• disc ihabhu skew. Ungahlola ngokuhlola izingxenyeni ze-shaft yokufaka ye-gearbox, kunganele ukusebenzisa i-lithium grease enezithasiselo ze-antioxidant ukuze ihabhu "linganamatheli" kushaft;
• kukhona uwoyela ezindlini bamba. Lokhu ngokushesha kunomthelela omubi emgqeni wokungqubuzana wediski, ukuyikhubaza ngaphambilini. Isimo sivela ezimotweni ezine-mileage ephezulu, ngokushintshwa okungalindelekile komshini wokufaka kanye nezimpawu zamanzi zika-crankshaft;
• ukugqwala ukubamba iklatshi. Kuzodingeka kuphela ukufaka esikhundleni sediski, futhi ngaphambili bekungenzeka ukuthi kushintshwe ama-linings ngama-rivets;
• umsindo nokudlidliza. Uma kwenzeka lapho i-clutch pedal icindezelwe, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithombo yediski eguqukayo, esebenza njengama-balancers.

Ukukhululwa okuphethe ukungasebenzi

Ukuxilongwa kokukhishwa kwe-clutch kulula kakhulu: udinga ukucindezela i-clutch pedal bese ulalela umsindo oqhumayo. Uma unganaki ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch release ngesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni hhayi kuphela kwiphakethe lonke le-clutch, kodwa naku-gearbox. Imvamisa, kunezimo lapho i-clutch ikhipha indiza, futhi izingcezu zayo zibhoboza izindlu zebhokisi lamagiya.

Amaphutha ku-clutch master cylinder

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka ngokungavamile ngokweqile, ngokuhamba okungenani amakhilomitha ayi-150. Imvamisa, umgodi wokunweba uvalekile, ongazama ukugeza ngokwakho. Endleleni, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe izinkomishi, ezivuvukalayo lapho uwoyela ungena futhi zingakulungele ukusetshenziswa kabusha. 

Ungahlola i-GCC ngomsizi, lapho owokuqala ecindezela khona i-clutch pedal, bese kuthi owesibili ahlole ukuphakama kokunyakaza kwembambo yefoloko.

Futhi, induku yesilinda ingabuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokuthi i-disc eqhutshwa izoshisa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imoto ingenzi lutho isikhathi eside, futhi ngenxa yokushintshwa kungazelelwe kwe-brake fluid ku-clutch hydraulic drive. Esikhathini esiningi, ukukhohlisa ku-bulkhead ye-master cylinder kwehliswa kweqiniso lokuthi kufanele uthole ingxenye entsha.

Naka izinga loketshezi ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic, futhi ubuyekeze ulayini uma ubona ukwehla kwezinga le-brake fluid.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch pedal

Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinto engavamile lapho isisekelo sokubamba sidinga ukushintshwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-drive olusetshenziswa ohlelweni, kufanele unake i-pedal. Lokhu kungaba ukulimala kwepenny pad, oyicindezela ku-GTZ rod, noma omunye umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, okuthi ezimeni eziningi. ingaxazululwa ngokushisela.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-clutch pedal ye-elekthronikhi kudinga amasistimu nezinzwa ezisebenza ngogesi. I-pedal position sensor ilungisa i-angle yokuthungela nejubane lenjini yendawo elungile lapho izinguquko zamagiya zizofika ngesikhathi futhi zikhululeke.

Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa ngokwengxenye, imoto ayisebenzi ngokwanele: isivinini senjini siyantanta, amajezi ayenzeka lapho kushintshwa amagiya. Kunezizathu eziningana zokwehluleka kwenzwa:

• isifunda esivulekile;
• ukwehluleka kwenzwa uqobo;
• "ukuqeqeshwa" kwe-pedal electronic kuyadingeka.

Amaphutha kukhebula bamba

Izimoto eziningi zesabelomali ezinokudluliswa ngesandla ziyafakwa nge-clutch eqhutshwa ngekhebula. Kuyinto elula kakhulu futhi esebenzayo, futhi engabizi ukuyigcina, ngoba kukhona ikhebula kuphela phakathi kwemfoloko yokubamba kanye nephedali. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthi kulungiswe ukungezwani kwekhebula uma i-clutch "ibamba" phakathi nendawo yokunyathela noma ngaphezulu. Uma ikhebuli liphuka, idinga ukushintshwa; lapho welula, usengazama ukuyidonsa.

Ikhebuli lisemgodleni wepulasitiki oqinile futhi livuselelwa nge-nut ekhethekile.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-electronic drive

Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kufaka:

• inzwa yesikhala se-clutch esingalungile;
• imoto kagesi yokukhipha i-clutch ayisebenzi;
• kukhona isifunda esifushane noma isifunda esivulekile esifundeni sikagesi;
• iphedali yokubamba idinga ukushintshwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokuphelele hhayi kuphela kwe-clutch system, kodwa nezingxenye ezihlobene nezinqubo ngaphambi kokulungiswa.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Wazi kanjani ukuthi ushise i-clutch? I-pedal icindezelwe kakhulu, imoto inyakaza ijubane, ukuhamba kwe-pedal kuyanda, ukuqina uma ushintsha amagiya. Ngemva kokushayela isikhathi eside, amanye amagiya ayayeka ukusebenzisana.

Ikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch release mechanism kanye nokushayela? Izintambo ze-disc eziqhutshwayo zazigugile, i-disc eqhutshwayo yayikhubazekile, amafutha angena emigqeni, i-splines ye-disc eqhutshwayo yayigugile, imithombo ye-damper yaphulwa, ukuthwala ukukhululwa kwakugugile.

Indlela yokuxilonga i-clutch? Imoto iqala. Ibhuleki lesandla liyaphakanyiswa. I-clutch ikhishwa ngokushelelayo. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa, igiya lokuhlehla liyasetshenziswa. Ubunzima bokuvula kuwuphawu lokungasebenzi kahle.