Izithasiselo enjinini: inhloso, izinhlobo

Isengezo yinto eyengezwa kumafutha noma izithambisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zazo ezithile. Izithasiselo zingaba yifekthri nomuntu ngamunye. Eyokuqala yengezwa emafutheni ngabakhiqizi ngokwabo, kanti uhlobo lwesibili lwezithako lungathengwa esitolo ngokwakho. Zisetshenziswa abashayeli kanye nezikhungo zesevisi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile, kucatshangelwa isimo sangempela senjini.

Ezinye izithasiselo zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukushiswa kukaphethiloli, ezinye ukuqeda intuthu eyandayo yemoto, kanti ezinye ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwezinsimbi noma i-oxidation yezinto zokugcoba. Othile ufuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli noma ukwandisa ukuphila kwamafutha, othile udinga ukuhlanza injini kusuka ku-carbon deposits kanye ne-soot noma aqede ukuvuza kwamafutha ... Ngosizo lwezithako zesimanje zezimoto, cishe noma iyiphi inkinga ingaxazululwa!

Yini engenziwa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli/uwoyela?

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukonga uwoyela nophethiloli, izithasiselo ezilwa nokungqubuzana zidalwe. Ngaphezu kwalo msebenzi oyinhloko, bayakwazi nokwandisa ukucindezelwa kumasilinda, banikeze ukupholisa okwengeziwe kokuhlikihla izingxenye futhi, ngokuvamile, bandise impilo yenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithasiselo kuwoyela wenjini zithuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zokuvikela nezokugcoba.

Enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ingxenye enkulu kaphethiloli isetshenziswa ekunqobeni ukulahleka kwemishini - ukungqubuzana enjinini ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokuncipha okuncane kokumelana kwangaphakathi kunomphumela omuhle ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli. I-Friction ilwisana ngokuphumelelayo nezithasiselo ezivimbela ukukhuhlana, ezenza izingxenye zensimbi enjinini zishelele nakakhulu.

Indlela yokwandisa inombolo ye-octane / cetane yamafutha?

Inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli ikhombisa ukumelana kwayo, kuphethiloli wedizili le nkomba ibizwa ngenombolo ye-cetane. Ukumelana ne-Knock - ikhono likaphethiloli ukumelana nokuzithungela ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa.

Manje eziteshini zikaphethiloli abathengisi uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu nodizili, lapho inombolo ye-octane / cetane ayihambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi nemenyezelwe. Ukushayela kuphethiloli onjalo kubangela ukuqhunyiswa - ukuvutha okuqhumayo okukhubaza amapulaki ezinhlansi, izinzwa zomoya-mpilo kanye nama-catalysts.

I-octane kanye nezilungisi ze-cetane ziyizithasiselo ezivimbela ukungqongqoza ezingakhuphula ukumelana nophethiloli ngamaphuzu amaningana, kuyenze ifanelekele ukusebenza kwenjini okuvamile.

Ukuthi kuyafaneleka yini ukusebenzisa izithasiselo ezinjalo kuyindaba engase iphikiswe ngayo. Lapho ugcwalisa ithangi eligcwele, umehluko wentengo phakathi kuka-92 no-95 kaphethiloli uzobiza kakhulu njengokuthenga imbiza ye-octane corrector. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuhlola ngobuqotho izinga likaphethiloli kusukela ekugcwaliseni i-refueling kanye "nokuzilungiselela" (ngaphandle kwelabhorethri).

Kulula kangakanani ukuqala injini ye-diesel emakhazeni?

I-diesel fuel iqukethe upharafini esimweni se-liquid. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka -5 °C, upharafini kuphethiloli uyacwebezela bese wenza izigaxa eziqinile. Amakristalu avala isihlungi sikaphethiloli, njengoba ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu kunezimbotshana zesici sokuhlunga. Upharafini uphinde ufakwe ezindongeni zangaphakathi zezingxenye ohlelweni lukaphethiloli.

Ngakho-ke, uphethiloli awuhambi ngokujwayelekile ukuya enjinini, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqala injini. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweziro, abanikazi bezimoto zikadizili bavame ukubhekana nenkinga yokuqalwa kwenjini okunzima. Lesi simo singaxazululwa ngokungeza izithasiselo ezicindezelayo kuphethiloli wedizili. Ngokuvamile le ejenti ibizwa ngokuthi i-antigel.

Izithasiselo ezicindezelayo aziwuncibilikisi upharafini, kodwa zivimbela amakristalu angawodwana ukuthi anganamathelani. Ngakho-ke, uma amakristalu kapharafini enziwe enjini yedizili, sekwephuzile kakhulu ukwengeza isithasiselo esinjalo.

Yiziphi izithasiselo ezizosiza ukwandisa impilo yenjini?

Izithasiselo ezingagqoki zikaphethiloli wedizili zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela iphampu yomjovo wenjini nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu kaphethiloli ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zokugcoba:

• kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokugcoba zamafutha edizili anesulphur ephansi;
• kwandisa impilo yokusebenza yesistimu ye-propulsion, futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungiswa okuhleliwe;
• iletha izinkomba zikaphethiloli ekuhambisaneni nezidingo zomthetho;
• inikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kwezinto zesistimu kaphethiloli ekugqwaleni.

Indlela yokunciphisa ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwentuthu?

Ngemuva kokugijima amakhilomitha amaningi, ngemuva kwemoto ungabona intuthu enamandla uma injini igijima, okubangelwa ukuguga kweqembu le-cylinder-piston. Futhi ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, abanikazi bezimoto basebenzisa izithasiselo ezikhethekile emafutheni enjini avikela izakhi zenjini futhi avimbele ukubonakala kwe-carbon deposits ebusweni bezindonga zegumbi lomlilo.

Isithasiselo esilwa nokubhema sisetshenziswa enjinini ngemva kokuhlonza nokuthola izimbangela zangempela zenkinga. Izithasiselo zicindezela ukwakheka kwentuthu eningi futhi zinzinzisa imingcele ye-viscosity kawoyela wemoto emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Abavumeli futhi umfutho wesistimu wehle futhi wehlise imfucuza nomsindo uma injini isebenza.

Ungayisusa kanjani injini?

Izithasiselo zokuhlanza seziphenduke enye indlela ethandwa kakhulu kuwoyela oshaywayo: ziguqula uwoyela amadala zibe uwoyela wokushaywa, zihlanza ngokuphumelelayo injini yokungcola. Izithasiselo zokuhlanza zivimbela ukwakheka kwamadiphozithi, imikhiqizo ye-oxidation, umsizi, futhi futhi zenza imikhiqizo yokuvutha kwe-asidi ingabi namandla.

Izithasiselo ezihlakazekayo zisebenza ngokuhambisana nezihlanzi. Bagcina amadiphozithi ancibilikile ekumisweni. Izithasiselo zivimbela udaka futhi zisuse ukungcola kanye namafutha asetshenzisiwe.

Kungani sidinga izithasiselo ze-antioxidant?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezithasiselo ze-antioxidant ukwehlisa i-oxidation yamafutha. Uwoyela wenjini usebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zomfutho ophezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa, uhlangana nomoya-mpilo kanye namanye amagesi asebenzayo, anezinsimbi ezishisayo ezisebenza njenge-catalyst. Izithasiselo ze-Antioxidant zinciphisa zonke lezi zici ezinolaka ezingenhla, okwandisa impilo kawoyela wenjini.

Ayini ama-corrosion inhibitors?

Ama-Corrosion inhibitors noma izithasiselo ezilwa nokugqwala ziyizithasiselo ezivimbela ukugqwala kwezindawo zensimbi. Izingxenye zenjini zi-oxidized ngaphansi kwethonya lama-organic and mineral acids, amagesi. Ukugqwala kuyasheshiswa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Izithasiselo zokulwa nokugqwala zinikeza ukwakheka kwefilimu evikelayo ezingxenyeni zenjini, zenza kube lula ukusebenza kwama-asidi, futhi zandise ukuphila kwenjini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo kuzosebenza kuphela uma zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Umthamo ongalungile noma izimo zokusebenza azikwazi ukwehluleka kuphela, kodwa nokulimaza injini. Ngaphambi kokuthenga lokhu noma lowo mkhiqizo, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa bese kuphela wenze isinqumo mayelana nokwelulekwa kokwengeza okungeziwe. Isengezo ngasinye esinjalo sinemininingwane yaso kanye nendawo yokusetshenziswa, ngakho qala ngokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinjongo ozidingayo amakhemikhali ezimoto.

Bheka futhi

Nweba Ukuwa