I-Wilderness Adventures nguRichard Branson

Ukungabaza, ukwesaba ngisho nezicelo zokubuyiselwa imali. Ngemva kwenhlekelele ka-October ye-Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo, obekufanele ilethe izivakashi zasemkhathini endaweni ephansi yomjikelezo woMhlaba, abagibeli abangu-24 bawushiya lo msebenzi. Abanye bafuna ukubuyiselwa kwento elingana neyayikhokhelwe ngaphambilini engu-250 XNUMX. amadola.

I-CV: URichard Charles Nicholas Branson

Usuku lokuzalwa: NgoJulayi 18.07.1950, XNUMX, eBlackheath, eGreat Britain.

Ikheli: I-Necker Island esiqhingini seziqhingi zaseVirgin Islands

Ubuzwe: EBrithani

Isimo somndeni: washada kabili, izingane ezimbili

Inhlanhla: US$4,9 billion (kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2014)

Umuntu oxhumana naye:

Imfundo: Isikole iScaitcliffe, iStowe School (zombili e-UK)

Okuhlangenwe nakho: Umsunguli nomholi we-Virgin kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-60s.

Izimpumelelo ezengeziwe: ubuqhawe bomqhele waseBrithani ngo-1999; Indondo Yenhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezobuntu 2007; isihloko "sosomabhizinisi ohlonishwa kakhulu" wengxenye yekhulu edlule, eyanikezwa ngo-2014 yi-Sunday Times.

Izintshisekelo: i-kitesurfing, i-aeronautics, izindiza, i-astronautics

Umphuphi nombonisi ovame ukubhekwa URichard Branson, umsunguli we-Virgin Galactic, washaywa kanzima ngo-Okthoba 31, 2014. Indiza ye-orbital yaphahlazeka ogwadule phakathi nendiza yokuhlola. Omunye wabashayeli bezindiza wabulawa.

Zazingekho izenzakalo ezimbi kangaka ekuphileni kwakhe, nakuba kwakungeyona yonke into eyayihamba kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha ngemva kwengozi, uBranson wamqinisekisa ukuthi uzondiza nomndeni wakhe noma kunjalo, futhi uzokwenza ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani omunye angene e-orbit nge-Virgin Galactic.

"Sekuyiminyaka eminingi sakha lo mkhumbi, izindiza eziyisisekelo kanye nesikhumulo semkhathi futhi singawuqeda ngempumelelo umsebenzi wethu," esho engxoxweni abe nayo nabakwaSky News.

Uma ufuna i-Bentley, unayo

Mnumzane URichard Branson iyi-kitesurfer endala ukuwela i-English Channel (1). Futhi umuntu wokuqala ukuwela i-Atlantic ngebhaluni lomoya oshisayo.

Futhi iPacific Ocean. Umuntu onjalo kufanele akuthande kakhulu ukuphila futhi akwazise lokho akuthandayo. Uyaziwa ngokungawathandi amasudi nothayi.

Izinwele zakhe ezinde nazo azihambisani nesithombe sosomabhizinisi. Lokhu akuliguquli iqiniso lokuthi i-Virgin ingenye yemikhiqizo ehlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi umdali wayo uhlala eyinkanyezi yangempela - isibonelo kubantu abaningi abasha nabafisa ukuvelela abafuna ukuzuza udumo nemali ngokugqamile.

Wazalwa ngo-1950 eLondon. Branson Wathola amakhono akhe okuqala njengosomabhizinisi eneminyaka engu-16. Ngaleso sikhathi, washicilela umagazini othi "Student", onikezelwe kumasiko wentsha. Wayenemibono yebhizinisi ngaphambili. Wayefuna, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuzalanisa ama- budgerigars.

Waze wancenga abazali bakhe ukuthi bamhlelele indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni. Wadayisa nezihlahla zikaKhisimusi. Naye wayengenzi kahle esikoleni. Wayenenkinga yokufunda futhi ngokushesha wanquma ukuyiyeka imfundo yakhe ukuze athole isikole sokuphila.

Encwadini yakhe yokuphila ethengiswa kakhulu ngokungangabazeki, ulandisa indaba elandelayo: “Ubuntwana bami bufiphele engqondweni yami, kodwa ezinye izinto zisacacile.

Ngikhumbula ukuthi abazali bami babelokhu besibekela inselele. Umama wayezimisele ukusifundisa ukuzimela. Lapho ngineminyaka emine ubudala, wamisa imoto amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ekhaya futhi wangenza ngihambe ngedwa emasimini.

Impela ngilahlekile." (2). Abancane Branson wayethatheka ngamasiko nomculo we-pop (3). KuMfundi wakhe, waze waxoxa noMick Jagger weThe Rolling Stones.

Waqala ukuthengisa amarekhodi kokubili ezitolo nangeposi. Igama lenkampani ayisungula ngokushesha, iVirgin, walinikwa ngomunye wabasebenzi bakhe, ephakamisa ukuthi likhombisa isikhundla sabasha kanye nabasanda kungena emakethe enzima.

Ngo-1970, inkampani yavula isitolo somculo ku-Oxford Street eLondon. I-Virgin Records yasungulwa ngo-1972. Umculi wokuqala ukusebenza lapho kwakunguMike Oldfield, i-albhamu yakhe yensimbi ethi Tubular Bells eyakhululwa ngo-1973. Abathandi bomculo bayazi ukuthi uphumelele kangakanani.

Ithengise amakhophi ayizigidi eziyishumi nantathu, okuyenza ibe ngenye yezindawo ezithengiswa kakhulu emlandweni wephonography yaseBrithani. Oldfield waba inkanyezi enkulu futhi Inkampani yaseBranson wenze ingcebo. Encwadini ecashunwe ngaphambilini, uBranson uveza ukuthi u-Oldfield wenqabile ukuvuma ikhonsathi yokweseka i-albhamu eQueen Elizabeth Hall yaseLondon.

Branson kwadingeka agibele umculi ngeBentley yakhe. Phakathi nayo, wabuza umculi ukuthi angathanda yini le moto njengesipho. U-Oldfield uvumile ukuhola. I-Virgin Records yayaziwa ngokuba nesibindi ekukhetheni umculo abawukhiphile. Le nkampani isayine isivumelwano sokuqopha ne-Sex Pistols, isibonelo, lapho ezinye izitudiyo zenqaba ukusebenzisana nebhendi ye-punk eyimpikiswano.

Uthole futhi waphromotha abaculi abangaziwa. Kwesinye isikhathi, njengasendabeni yeqembu le-pop yekilabhu yamasiko, lokhu kuholele empumelelweni enkulu yezohwebo. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba kwakunjalo ngamabhendi i-Faust noma i-Can, umculo wabaculi abasekelwayo wawuhlala futhi usalokhu uyaziwa kakhulu emibuthanweni yabantu abaqalwe emisebenzini yesinye isigcawu.

Intombi ayisaqophi

Kodwa-ke, ngo-1992 uBranson wathengisa i-Virgin ku-EMI nge-£ 500 million. Lokhu wakwenza ukuze agcine uthando lwakhe olulandelayo, izinkampani zezindiza. Ngo-1984, wasungula umugqa we-Virgin Atlantic. Ngemva kweminyaka, embuzweni othi "Indlela yokuba usozigidi?", Branson waphendula ngomunyu, "Kuzomele uqale ube usozigidi bese uthengela izinkampani zezindiza."

Nakuba bekungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi, amashumi eminyaka adlule ngokuvamile abe yikusasa lemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kaBranson "eyintombi". Ubengumuntu wokuqala nokuphela kwakhe kuze kube manje ukudala izinkampani ezibiza izigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili zamarandi ngayinye emikhakheni eyisishiyagalombili ehlukene yezomnotho.

Ngo-1993, inkampani yakhe i-Virgin Trains yathola ilayisensi yesitimela yase-UK. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeminyaka, wavula enye "Virginia" - Virgin Mobile kanye Virgin Blue e-Australia (manje eyaziwa ngokuthi Virgin Australia).

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani zakhe ezihlukahlukene zikhulile futhi ziyaqhubeka zikhula, zelula amatende abo kusukela emkhakheni wezezimali (i-Virgin Money) kuya kwabezindaba (Virgin Media). Kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-60 ze-Virgin emhlabeni namuhla. Baqashe abantu ababalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50. abasebenzi emazweni angaphezu kwama-XNUMX.

imbulunga eyanele

Lapho konke sekwenziwe eMhlabeni, isinyathelo sokungena emkhathini sibonakala siyisigaba semvelo esilandelayo sokuthuthuka. Branson wabhalisa igama le-Virgin Galactic emuva ku-1999. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi namuhla emehlweni omphakathi ihlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi nale nkampani kanye nesithembiso sezindiza ezivamile zasemkhathini wezivakashi.

Naphezu kwezithiyo zakamuva, usenethuba elihle lokuba ngumuntu wokuqala empeleni ukwenza imigqa yasemkhathini ukuthwala abagibeli emzileni. Nokho, lokhu kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside kunalokho noma ubani ebengacabanga - ikakhulukazi yena.

Yaqala kanjani i-adventure yasemkhathini yosomabhizinisi "oyintombi nto"?

4. Branson kanye nendiza yasemkhathini

NgoJulayi 2002, abameleli abavela eNcasakazi bavakashela inkampani yezindiza kaBert Rutan ukuze baqhudelane ngomklomelo we-Ansari X. Umphathi weNcasakazi ubona ithuba lokufeza amaphupho akhe okuphila konke omkhumbi-mkhathi wezohwebo.

Ngo-2004, umemezela ukuthi i-Virgin Galactic izoxhasa umklamo kaBurt Rutan. Ngemva konyaka, ngemva kokuthola i-X Award, i-Rutan's Scaled Composites kanye ne-Virgin Galactic bakha i-Spaceship Company. Inhloso yaleli bhizinisi ukuhlanganisa izimoto nokudalwa kwayo yonke ingqalasizinda yendiza.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, isivumelwano sisayinwa nohulumeni wesifunda saseNew Mexico sokutshala imali eyizigidi ezingama-200 ogwadule lwaseJornada del Muerto, olusetshenziswa yi-Virgin Galactic. Kamuva yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Spaceport America.

5. Ukuphahlazeka kwe-SpaceShipTwo ogwadule lwase-Mojave.

NgoZibandlela wezi-2008, umkhumbi obizwa nge-WhiteKnightTwo wenza indiza yawo yokuqala yokuhlola phezu kogwadule lwaseMojave. Ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, ifinyelela ubude obuyi-13 m ne-SpaceShipTwo enamathiselwe kuyo, indiza yasemkhathini eyisibonelo (716). Ekwindla ka-4, indiza yokuqala ephethwe umuntu ye-SpaceShipTwo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-VSS Enterprise, yenzeke.

Bese kuba nemibiko yentuthuko entsha, izivivinyo nokuhlolwa, impumelelo ... futhi abathengi abathenge amathikithi ezindiza zokuqala ze-suborbital ngekota yesigidi samadola ngeyodwa basanikezwa izinsuku ezintsha zokuqalisa.

Uhlelo lokuhamba emkhathini, kamuva olwaluzoba yinkonzo evamile, lumi kanje: I-WhiteKnightTwo, eyethulwe eMhlabeni, ithwala umkhumbi-mkhathi we-SpaceShipTwo - isakhiwo endizayo esinamaphiko angama-12,8 m, nabashayeli bezindiza ababili nabagibeli abayisithupha - emkhunjini. ukuphakama kwe-15 m. m. Bese kuba injini yendiza eyi-hybrid.

Umshini wasezulwini ufinyelela isivinini esingaphezu kuka-4. km/h. 10 km ngaphezu kwalokho okuthiwa. umugqa weKarman, umngcele ocatshangelwayo phakathi komkhathi womhlaba kanye nomkhathi ongaphandle, i.e. ngaphezu kuka-100 km ngaphezu komhlaba, injini icishiwe. Indiza yasemkhathini iyaqala.

Ihlala... imizuzu emihlanu - ngokuthula, amandla adonsela phansi aphansi futhi anombono omuhle woMhlaba ngaphandle kwamafasitela. Izindiza ze-Virgin Galactic zenzelwe indiza engaphansi kwe-orbital enokunambitheka okufushane kohambo lwasemkhathini. Kufushane, ngenxa yokuthi ukuze ungene ku-orbit lapho i-International Space Station ihamba khona, udinga idivayisi enamandla amakhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-70 kune-SpaceShipTwo.

I-2011 kwaba usuku lokuqala lokwethulwa olwamenyezelwa yi-Virgin Galactic. Branson Uthe “unesiqiniseko esingamaphesenti angu-90” sokuthi i-SpaceShipTwo izondiza ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka futhi uzobe eyedwa emkhunjini. Isitatimende sakhe ngokusobala sasiwukusabela ezimpawini zokuntula isineke, ikakhulukazi e-US.

Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili, iqhawe lethu lamemezela ukuthi i-Spaceport America, eyakhiwe eNew Mexico ngemali yabakhokhi bentela base-US, izosebenzisa izindiza ezingu-2015 ngo-700. Amathikithi e-"Quarter Million" athengiwe, ngokusho kwemibiko, abantu abangaba ngu-800.

Ngokwezimemezelo zakamuva, indiza yokuqala yayizokwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-2013. Khonamanjalo, kulo nyaka, ezenzakalweni ezibaluleke kakhulu, yizinjini zamarokhethi ze-SpaceShipTwo kuphela ezethulwe emkhathini imizuzwana embalwa.

6. URichard Branson ekhelini le-TV ngemva kwengozi

Umenzi wezimanga akakuyeki

Uphenyo ngezimbangela zokuphahlazeka kwe-SpaceShipTwo (5) ngo-Okthoba luyaqhubeka. Ngokusho kolwazi lokuqala, ingozi ayizange yenzeke ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenjini, kodwa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu "ye-aileron" ebhekene nokwehla eMhlabeni.

Iqale ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi imoto yehle ifinyelele ku-Mach 1,4 ngokuklanywa. Uphenyo ngembangela yengozi luzothatha okungenani unyaka owodwa. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi iziphathimandla zezindiza zaseMelika zingakhipha imvume yokundiza nabagibeli ngaphambi kokumenyezelwa kwemiphumela. Ngemuva kwenhlekelele ngo-Okthoba, kuyaziwa ukuthi izikhathi ezibekiwe ngeke zifinyelelwe.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inkampani isabala ingxenye yokuqala ka-2015 njengesikhathi esihlosiwe sendiza yokuqala ye-suborbital. Branson engxoxweni abe nayo neSky News, ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi iVirgin Galactic izofeza izinhloso zayo (6). Ngoba lena yinkampani ezoba “esinye isimangaliso somhlaba” esikhathini esizayo. UMiroslav Usidus