Izizathu zokuvala iswishi yokuthungela

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, umnikazi kufanele abhekane nezinkinga eziningi ezincane. Kulula kakhulu ukuwasusa futhi abangele ukungakhululeki okuncane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuwohloka okungajabulisi okubeka umshayeli endaweni engakhululekile kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukhiye ubhajwe futhi awuvuli umlilo. Ukungasebenzi kahle akukona okungathi sína, kodwa kuyakwazi ukuqeda izinhlelo zakho zakusasa. Zama ukuphuma esimweni ngokwakho futhi uxazulule inkinga ngenye yezindlela ezifakazelwe.

Kafushane ngomsebenzi wenqaba

Le yunithi yokushintsha iklanyelwe ukuvula imishini kagesi, ukuthungela nokuqalisa injini kusetshenziswa ukhiye. Ukuze kube lula umshayeli kanye nokuqaliswa komsebenzi wokulwa nokweba (ukuvimbela), isici sihlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwekholomu yokuqondisa ngakwesokudla.

Ezimotweni ezindala zaseSoviet, imbobo kakhiye yayingakwesokunxele sesondo lokuqondisa.

Inqaba iqukethe izici ezilandelayo:

1. Umzimba wensimbi ye-cylindrical.
2. Ngaphakathi kwebhokisi kunomshini wokhiye oyimfihlo - isibungu.
3. Iqembu lokuxhumana lixhunywe isibungu ngebhande.
4. Induku yokukhiya exhunywe kumshini wokukhiya iphuma esikhaleni esiseceleni endlini.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuguqula ukhiye, isibungu sizungeza i-axis yeqembu lokuxhumana. Kuye ngesikhundla esikhethiwe (imvamisa engu-4 kubo), i-voltage inikezwa kubathengi abahlukene: imishini kagesi, isistimu yokuthungela kanye nesiqalisi. Induku yokukhiya ivimba isiteringi kuphela endaweni yokuqala (Khiya). Esimeni esifanayo, ukhiye ukhishwa emthonjeni.

Izimbangela zenkinga

Izingidi zokuthungela izimoto zingamadivayisi athembekile. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinkinga zokuqala ezihambisana nokugqoka, imoto ikwazi ukumboza ukusuka ku-100 kuya ku-300 km ayizinkulungwane, kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo kanye nezwe lokukhiqiza. Ukuze ungangeni esimweni esingesihle, umshayeli kufanele abambe ngokucacile lapho ukhiye unamathele kunoma iyiphi indawo futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuqeda inkinga.

Kunezizathu ezi-5 eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukukhiya kwemoto yesimanje kugcwele:

• ukukhiya kwe-axis okuxhuma isondo lokuqondisa ku-rack kusebenzile futhi akuvaliwe;
• izingxenye ezihambayo zomshini oyimfihlo zivaleke kakhulu;
• ukugqokwa kokusebenza kwezakhi (emishinini ene-mileage ephezulu);
• ukuqandisa kwe-condensate;
• deformation noma ukulimala komshini kukhiye.

Qaphela. Lezi zinkinga zilungiswe ngempumelelo ezimotweni ezintsha ezinokhiye ongenayo kanye ne-push-button injini eqalayo.

Umsebenzi wesistimu yokukhiya ukulungisa ngomshini i-shaft yokuqondisa endaweni eyodwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ucime isiqalisi. Uma umhlaseli ekwazi ukuphula ibha yesigadli futhi ajikise isiteringi, injini ngeke isakwazi ukuqala. Le nuance kufanele icatshangelwe lapho kuqedwa ukuwohloka kokukhiya. Uphawu lwesici lokungasebenzi kahle ukhiye onamathela endaweni ekhiyiwe.

Ukuvaleka kwezibungu ngokungcola kuwumphumela wokugcotshwa kwezingxenye ezinamafutha ajwayelekile ezimoto, okuhlanganisa namafutha ezimoto. Lezi ziphuzo ziheha kakhulu uthuli, olugcina lunqwabelana ngaphakathi emshinini. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukhiye uyabhajwa futhi ubhajwe kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphandle kokuthi Qala. Ngakho, kuba nzima ukuyikhipha.

Izimpawu ezifanayo zibonwa ngenxa yokugqoka kwemvelo komshini wokukhiya ezimotweni ezine-mileage engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200 km. Esikhathini eside sokusetshenziswa, ama-grooves engxenyeni eyimfihlo yesihluthulelo nawo aguga, okungabavumeli ukuthi bahlanganyele ngokucacile nesibungu. Ngezinye izikhathi abashayeli bezimoto ngokwabo balimaza uhlangothi olusebenzayo lwesihluthulelo, belusebenzisa njenge-lever (isibonelo, ukuvula isiminyaminya sezimoto). Ingxubevange ethambile igoba kalula futhi iqhekeke ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okunjalo.

Ukubanda kwesibungu kuyimbangela engavamile futhi engenangozi kakhulu yokungasebenzi kahle. Iqhwa ngaphakathi kwenqaba livela ngenxa yomswakama ovela ngaphandle noma ukufingqa lapho imoto efudumele ishiywe ngaphandle eqhweni elinamandla. Isibonakaliso sokuqandisa kulula ukukubona: ukhiye ofakiwe awujiki, umshini awuzwa "ukuzamazama" okuvamile lapho uzama ukuphenduka.

Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuvimba?

Uma ukhiye wokuthungela ubhajwe endaweni yokukhiya, ilokhi yomshini izosebenza kuye nge-engeli yesondo lokuqondisa. Uma i-flywheel iwela emkhakheni wesenzo senduku yokukhiya, izolungisa i-shaft endaweni ethile. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzokwazi ukuletha imoto endaweni yokulungisa kuphela ngosizo lweloli lokudonsa; ayikwazi ukudonswa.

Yiziphi izinyathelo umshayeli angazithatha esimweni esinjalo:

• nqoba umshini ominyene ngokubekezela nomsebenzi;
• phula induku yokukhiya, qala injini bese uthuthela egaraji;
• khipha ingidi yokuthungela ngokukhipha induku kusokhethi.

Indlela yokuqala ibandakanya imizamo eminingi yokuvula ukhiye ukuze "ubambe" indawo lapho umshini uvuliwe. Yiba nesineke, khipha umoya bese uzama ukuphendula ikhanda likakhiye ngokunyakazisa isondo lesandla. Isithambisi se-aerosol esifana ne-WD-40 kwesinye isikhathi singasiza ekukhipheni izingcezu zegrub ezibambekile: vuthela ngeshubhu futhi ungene embotsheni kakhiye.

Inketho yokuqala iyona kuphela evumela umshayeli ukuba adlule "ngegazi elincane" futhi afike egalaji noma egalaji likaphethiloli. Zama indlela ngaphambi kokuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala. Umkakho makaphendule ukhiye; ngokuphazima kweso uyalulungisa okokuqala.

Ezimotweni ezingenayo i-electronic ignition lock, ungakwazi ukunqamula ukudonsa ngokujikisa isondo elibukhali, usebenzise amandla aphakathi nendawo. Imoto ibe isiqalwa ngokuvala izintambo noma ngokuvula ukhiye. Yini echichima ngale ndlela yobuqaba:

• induku ephukile izohlala ngaphakathi kwekholomu yokuqondisa, lapho izoqala khona ukuxubha, ibambe futhi ifake i-shaft;
• ngenxa yamandla amakhulu, induku ingase igobe, futhi lapho kulungiswa ukukhiya, kuzodingeka kushintshwe entsha;
• uma isibungu sihlala singanyakazi, uzodinga ukususa i-casing, ufike koxhumana nabo futhi uthole izintambo ezidingekayo ukuze uvule ukunikezwa kwamandla.

Inketho ephelele ye-disassembly ifaneleka kuzo zonke izimo lapho ukukhiya kunamathela khona. Umsebenzi awulula: udinga ithuluzi nokuqonda ukuthi ungahlakaza kanjani umhlangano kumodeli ethile yemoto. Umsebenzi ukuqeda ukuvinjelwa futhi ufike eqenjini loxhumana nabo, i-axis engakwazi ukuguqulwa ngesandla noma nge-screwdriver.

Kunoma yikuphi, vula i-plastic trim yekholomu yokuqondisa futhi uhlole ubakaki wokukhiya - kungenzeka ukuwususa. Ngemva kokukhulula amantongomane noma amabhawodi, nqamula indlu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uhambise isibambo ukuze ukhulule induku yokukhiya. Esimeni esingaphumeleli, kusale kuphela ukubiza iloli elidonsayo.

Ukuvinjwa kanye nokubanda kwesibungu

Ngenxa yokungcola okunqwabelene ngaphakathi kwengidi, izinti zokhiye zinamathela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Uma i-jam yenzeka endaweni emaphakathi ekhonjiswe izinhlamvu ON kanye ne-ACC, ayikwazi ukusulwa. Ungaqhubeka kanjani:

• thola i-WD-40 emshinini we-aerosol esitolo sakho sezingxenye zezimoto bese uvuthela kumshini ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zokhiye;
• zama ukuguqula ukhiye, uwuphendule ngezindlela ezahlukene bese uwunyakazisa kukhiye;
• ngezikhathi ezithile engeza okokugcoba ukuze ancibilikise ukungcola ngaphakathi kwesibungu;
• cindezela kancane ekhanda likakhiye bese ulivimba ngesando esilula noma into efanayo.

Isincomo. Ngenkathi ushayela, bamba imoto ngebhuleki lesandla. Uma ugxila kumshini obambekile, ungase ungaboni ukuthi imoto iyaphenduka.

Ilokhi ngokuvamile ingasuswa ngezindlela ezingenhla futhi ukhiye uvuleke okungenani kanye. Lokhu kwanele ukufinyelela isevisi yemoto eseduze noma igaraji. Uma imizamo ingaphumelelanga, kuyadingeka ukuqaqa ukukhiya noma ukuya eqenjini lokuxhumana ngenye indlela. Ngaphandle kokunqamula izintambo, vula i-shaft nge-screwdriver bese uqala injini. Ungathinti ukhiye; ungakwazi ngephutha ukuvula ilokhi mechanical.

Umshini oqandisiwe “uyalapheka” ngokuwufudumeza. Awukwazi ukuthela amanzi ashisayo - vele ushise umpompi ngesilula, uwufake emthonjeni bese uzama ukuwuphendula. Okwesibili okukhethwa kukho ukugcwalisa umshini nge-grease WD-40 efudumele evela ku-can evuthayo.

Ukugqoka okubalulekile kanye nokuguqulwa

Esimeni lapho ukukhiya okugqokile kunamathela, kuyadingeka ukwenza konke ukukhohlisa okuchazwe ngenhla. Umsebenzi uwukuqala injini futhi uhambise imoto endaweni yokukhanda. Sebenzisa indlela efanayo: swayipha futhi uvule ukhiye, fafaza ku-grub.

Uma usendleleni ukude nanoma yisiphi isitolo, sicela usebenzise uwoyela wenjini ukuze ugcobe. Khipha i-dipstick ku-motor bese ubeka iconsi lokuthambisa engxenyeni yokusebenza yokhiye, bese uyifaka emthonjeni izikhathi eziningana. Uma ungekho umphumela, qaqa ilokhi; ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma.

Ngokuvamile imbangela yokuminyana kwengidi ingukhiye ogwegwile. Ngemva kokuthola i-deformation, gobisa ingxenye enguthayela endaweni eyisicaba ngokushaywa kwesando okukhanyayo nokunembayo. Ukhiye ophukile noma ophukile akufanele usetshenziswe; ucezu lwensimbi lungase luhlale kulolokhi ngokuzayo lapho uzama ukuqalisa injini.