Izimbangela zokushayisa kwenjini emotweni

Uma injini yemoto ingqongqoza, akuwona wonke umuntu oqonda ngokushesha ukuthi kusho ukuthini. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, ukuhlola izimo lapho kwavela khona, imiphumela engaholela kuyo uma kungekho okwenziwayo. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi wemoto kufanele azi ukuthi yini okufanele ayenze uma kwenzeka inkinga enjalo.

Yini injini yokushaya

I-bulge evame ukuvela ikhombisa ukuthi izikhala phakathi kwezingxenye zikhule kakhulu endaweni yokuhlangana kwezinto ezithile. Uma amasistimu okugcoba nokupholisa esebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga, imisindo nokungqongqoza kuvela ezikhaleni, ngokwesilinganiso, eziphindwe kabili noma zedlule izicaciso ezivumelekile. Amandla okuthinta ngokuqondile ancike ekwandeni kwegebe.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukungqongqoza enjini kuwumthelela wezingxenye ngokumelene nomunye, futhi umthwalo endaweni yokuxhumana ukhula kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukugqoka kwezingxenye ezisele kuzosheshisa kakhulu.

Ukuqapha

Izinga lokugqoka lizothinteka ngobukhulu begebe, impahla yezingxenye nezingxenye, imithwalo, ukusebenza kahle kokugcoba kanye nezinye izici eziningi. Ngakho-ke, amanye ama-node angahamba ngokungenabuhlungu amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha phambi komthelela, kuyilapho amanye ehluleka ngemva kwamakhilomitha ambalwa.

Kwezinye izimo, iyunithi yamandla ingqongqoza ngisho nezimvume ezijwayelekile futhi uma izingxenye zingagqokile kabi.

Kungani injini ingangqongqoza: izizathu

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, ukungqongqoza enjini kungase kukhuphuke ngokungalingani, ngokushesha noma kancane. Izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle:

• ukuqhunyiswa kanye nemithwalo esindayo injini;
• ukuhlanekezela ingxenye yangaphakathi motor;
• ukugcwala kwezakhi zomuntu ngamunye;
• ukulahlekelwa izakhiwo zamafutha enjini.

Uma izinto eziqinile zokubala isikhathi sezigugile, injini ingasebenza isikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle kokushintsha. Uma izingxenye ezithambile ziguga ngenkathi zisebenza ndawonye nezingxenye ezenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, umsindo ophuma ngaphandle uzoqala ukwanda ngokuphawulekayo.

Ayisebenzi

Uma injini ishaya ingasebenzi, lo msindo awunabungozi, kodwa ubunjalo bayo ayikacaciswa. Ekuphumuleni, umsindo uvela ngenxa:

• ukuthinta i-generator noma i-pulley yepompo;
• ukudlidliza kwebhokisi lesikhathi noma ukuvikela injini;
• ukuba khona kwegiya;
• i-crankshaft pulley evulekile.

Isimo siba sibi kakhulu uma kuvela umfantu ku-flywheel yemoto enomshini ozishintshayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqiniswa kwama-sprockets e-camshaft kuyaxegiswa, futhi lapho ungenzi lutho umsindo uvela ngenxa yegiya le-crankshaft elivulekile kukhiye.

Kuyashisa

Ukubonakala kokungqongqoza lapho usebenzisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kungenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha okubucayi kwezikhala zokusebenza phakathi kwezakhi ngaphakathi kwenjini. Uma kubanda, amafutha ashubile futhi insimbi emikhiqizweni ayinwebeki. Kodwa njengoba izinga lokushisa lenjini likhuphuka, uwoyela uba uketshezi, futhi ukungqongqoza kuvela ngenxa yegebe phakathi kwezinto ezigugile.

Injini ishisa kakhulu ngenxa:

1. Ukuntuleka kwamafutha. Kulokhu, ama-pair agubhana ngokumelene nomunye azosebenza ngaphandle kokugcoba, okubangela ukugqoka kwabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokungqongqoza.
2. I-Crankshaft namahembe ayo. Lezi zokugcina zenziwe ngensimbi ethambile kune-crankshaft, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokwephulwa kokugcotshwa kwendawo noma impilo yesevisi, ziyaguga. Nokho-ke bangajika bashaye ucingo.
3. Ivalvu. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuguga kwama-valve rockers. I-valve kawoyela ye-Camshaft ingase ivaleke.
4. Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic. Ukungqongqoza ngokuvamile kuwumphumela wezinga eliphansi likawoyela noma ukucindezela kawoyela okunganele. Ukugqokwa akunakukhishwa.
5. Isigaba shifters. Enjini yangaphakathi evuthayo enebhande noma i-chain drive, i-mileage engaphezu kwe-150-200 km eyizinkulungwane, izingxenye zangaphakathi zigugile. Ngezinye izikhathi ukupheka kwamashaneli kawoyela kubonwa.
6. Ama-piston kanye nezindonga zesilinda. I-geometry yama-piston iphukile njengoba iyunithi yamandla iguga. Ukulimala kwamasongo e-piston kanye nephinikhodi nakho kungenzeka.
7. I-Bearing kanye ne-crankshaft. Ukuguga kwenzeka ngokwemvelo, kodwa ukufakwa okungalungile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nakho kungenzeka.
8. Ukuqhunyiswa. Izimpawu: ukuqhuma kwezithulu kumasilinda enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, okubangelwa ukuthungela kukaphethiloli kungazelelwe.

Zonke lezi zimbangela zokungahambi kahle zingaqedwa.

Emakhazeni

Kungase kuphakame isimo lapho injini ebandayo, ngemva kokuqala, iqala ukusebenza ngokungqongqoza kancane, okwanyamalala ngemva kokufudumala.

Ukuqapha

Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu, kodwa akwethusi. Kungenzeka ukushayela ngokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, kodwa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kufanele ihlale ishisa ngaphambili.

Kungani injini evuthayo yangaphakathi yenza umsindo lapho kubanda, futhi ngemva kokufudumala, umsindo uyanyamalala, umbuzo ovamile kubanikazi bezimoto? Lokhu kungenxa yokuguga kwemvelo kwezingxenye. Ngemuva kokushisa, ziyakhula futhi izikhala zazo ziba ngokwejwayelekile.

Amafutha mahhala

Esinye isizathu sokungqongqoza lapho uqala injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ukwehluleka ohlelweni lokugcoba. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwepompo yamafutha, ukuntuleka kwamafutha kanye nokuvala iziteshi ngokungcola, uwoyela awunaso isikhathi sokufinyelela zonke izindawo zokungqubuzana ngesikhathi esifanele, ngakho-ke kuzwakala umsindo ongavamile.

Ngenxa yobunzima besistimu yokugcoba, uwoyela awungeni kuma-hydraulic lifters, futhi ngaphandle kwawo, ukusebenza kwawo kuhambisana nomsindo.

Ukwengeza amafutha kuzosiza ukulungisa isimo. Uma lokhu kungasizi, kuzodinga ukushintshwa kufakwe i-flushing yokuqala yesistimu.

Ngemva kokushintsha amafutha

Uma, phambi komsindo ongavamile, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala ukusebenza kanzima futhi ibhema, isizathu singase silele emafutheni:

• ukungabi khona kwakhe;
• izinga eliphansi;
• ukungcola;
• i-antifreeze ingena;
• ukugqoka noma ukulimala kwepompo yamafutha;
• i-viscosity ephezulu.

I-lubricant ene-viscosity ephezulu ivimbela ukugeleza, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esibandayo, okuholela emisindweni ephezulu nokungqongqoza esitimeleni samavalvu angaphezulu. Izihlungi zikawoyela zingahlala zenza umsebenzi wazo, kodwa zidinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma isihlungi sivaleka, i-valve iyavuleka, ivule indlela kawoyela ezimweni lapho isihlungi singakwazi ukudlulisa uwoyela.

Okufanele ukwenze uma injini ishaya ohambweni

Uma iyunithi yamandla iqala ukungqongqoza, udinga ukuthola imbangela futhi uyiqede. Ungakwenza ngokwakho noma uphendukele kochwepheshe.

Ukuqapha

Kwezinye izimo, umshayeli unquma ukuthi inkinga isenjinini futhi ahambise imoto yakhe enkonzweni. Kodwa kungase kuvele ukuthi lesi akusona isizathu.

Uma uthola umsindo ongavamile emgwaqeni, akufanele uqhubeke, njengoba kunamathuba amaningi okuba nomphumela odabukisayo. Kungcono ukushayela egalaji likaphethiloli eliseduze futhi uxhumane nochwepheshe. Kodwa uma umsindo ungakhuli futhi uzwakala ku-compensator ye-hydraulic, i-razdatka noma ipompo yomjovo, ungaqhubeka nendlela yakho.

Injini ingaqhuma ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, okulula ukuziqeda, into esemqoka ukuzibona ngendlela efanele. Uma ungakwazi ukukwenza ngokwakho, kufanele uphendukele ochwepheshe.