Amafutha enjini abila ngasiphi izinga lokushisa?
Iphuzu elikhanyayo lamafutha enjini
Ake siqale ukucabangela lolu daba kusukela ezingeni lokushisa elincane lemiqondo emithathu esohlwini lwesigaba sokuqala futhi sizoyinweba ngendlela ekhuphukayo. Njengoba esimweni samafutha emoto, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzokwazi ukuqonda ngokunengqondo ukuthi yimiphi imingcele eza kuqala.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela cishe ama-degree angu-210-240 (kuye ngokuthi ikhwalithi yesisekelo kanye nephakheji elengeziwe), iphuzu le-flash lamafutha enjini liyaphawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "flash" lisho ukubonakala kwelangabi lesikhashana ngaphandle kokuvutha okulandelayo.
Izinga lokushisa lokushisa linqunywa indlela yokushisa ku-crucible evulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amafutha athululelwa endishini yensimbi yokulinganisa futhi ashise ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa komlilo ovulekile (isibonelo, esitofu sikagesi). Uma izinga lokushisa liseduze nephuzu elikhanyayo elilindelekile, umthombo welangabi ovulekile (ngokuvamile umshini wokushisa igesi) wethulwa ngokunyuka ngakunye kwedigri elingu-1 ngaphezu kobuso be-crucible ngamafutha. Uma umhwamuko kawoyela ungakhanyisi, i-crucible ifudumala ngenye idigri engu-1. Futhi njalo kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa ukukhanya kokuqala.
Izinga lokushisa lomlilo liphawulwa kuphawu olunjalo ku-thermometer, lapho umhwamuko wamafutha ungagcini nje ngokuvutha kanye, kodwa uqhubeke uvutha. Okusho ukuthi, lapho uwoyela efudunyezwa, imfucumfucu evuthayo ikhishwa ngamandla kangangokuthi ilangabi eliphezu kwe-crucible alicimi. Ngokwesilinganiso, into efanayo ibonwa ama-degree angu-10-20 ngemva kokufinyelela endaweni ekhanyayo.
Ukuze uchaze izici zokusebenza zamafutha enjini, iphoyinti le-flash kuphela elivame ukuphawulwa. Njengoba ezimweni zangempela izinga lokushisa lomlilo cishe alifinyelelwanga. Okungenani ngomqondo uma kukhulunywa ngelangabi elivulekile, elikhulu.
Iphoyinti lokubilisa lamafutha enjini
Amafutha abilayo ekushiseni okungaba ngu-270-300 degrees. Amathumba kumqondo wendabuko, okungukuthi, ngokukhululwa kwama-bubbles wegesi. Futhi, lesi simo siyivelakancane kakhulu esikalini sawo wonke umthamo we-lubricant. Ku-sump, uwoyela awusoze wafinyelela kuleli zinga lokushisa, njengoba injini izohluleka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ifike ku-200 degrees.
Imvamisa ukunqwabelana okuncane kwamafutha kubilisa ezingxenyeni ezishisa kakhulu zenjini nalapho kuba khona ukungasebenzi kahle enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Isibonelo, ekhanda le-cylinder emigodini eseduze nama-valve okukhipha umoya uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi.
Lesi simo sinomphumela omubi kakhulu ezicini zokusebenza ze-lubricant. Ngokuhambisanayo, i-sludge, i-soot noma i-oily deposits yenziwa. Okubuye kungcolise i-motor futhi kungabangela ukuvaleka kokuthatha uwoyela noma iziteshi zokugcoba.
Ezingeni lamangqamuzana, ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kwenzeka emafutheni kakade lapho iphuzu le-flash lifinyelelwa. Okokuqala, izingxenyana ezilula ziyahwamuka emafutheni. Lezi akuzona izakhi eziyisisekelo kuphela, kodwa futhi izingxenye zokugcwalisa. Okuyinto ngokwayo eshintsha izakhiwo ze-lubricant. Futhi hhayi njalo ukuze kube ngcono. Okwesibili, inqubo ye-oxidation ishesha kakhulu. Futhi ama-oxides kuwoyela wenjini awasizi futhi ayingozi i-ballast. Okwesithathu, inqubo yokushisa i-lubricant kumasilinda enjini iyashesha, ngoba uwoyela unoketshezi oluningi futhi ungena emakamelweni omlilo ngobuningi obukhulu.
Konke lokhu ekugcineni kuthinta insiza yemoto. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungabilisa amafutha futhi ungalungisi injini, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa noma izimpawu ezicacile zokushiswa kukawoyela (ukwakheka kwe-sludge ngobuningi ngaphansi kwesembozo se-valve kanye ne-sump, ukusetshenziswa kwe-lubricant okusheshisa ukuchithwa kwemfucuza, iphunga lemikhiqizo kawoyela eshisiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini), kuyalulekwa ukuthi uhlole futhi ukuqeda imbangela yenkinga.
