Isethulo sokushayela sokuhlola semoto eguquguqukayo ku-Infiniti - VC-Turbo
Ingxoxo nochwepheshe abahamba phambili be-Infiniti ne-Renault-Nissan - uShinichi Kaga no-Alain Raposteau
U-Alain Raposto ubukeka ezethemba. Iphini likamongameli wombimbi lombuso iRenault-Nissan, elibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini, linazo zonke izizathu zokwenza njalo. Eduze kwehholo esikhuluma kulo kukhona isitolo sakwa-Infiniti, inkampani ephethwe ngokunethezeka yeNissan, namuhla eyethula injini yokuqala yokukhiqiza emhlabeni i-VC-Turbo ene-compression ratio eguquguqukayo. Amandla afanayo aphuma kozakwabo uShinichi Kiga, oyinhloko yomnyango wezinjini wakwa-Infiniti.
Intuthuko eyenziwe ngabaklami be-Infiniti inkulu impela. Ukwakhiwa kwenjini kaphethiloli ene-serial compression ratio impela inguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, okuthi, naphezu kwemizamo eminingi, enganikwanga muntu kuze kube manje. Ukuqonda okushiwo yinto enjalo, kuhle ukufunda uchungechunge lwethu "Kwenzekani enjinini yemoto", echaza izinqubo zomlilo kwinjini kaphethiloli. Lapha sizokhuluma, nokho, ukuthi ngokubuka kwe-thermodynamic, lapho izinga lokucindezela liphakama, injini isebenza kahle kakhulu - kalula nje, ngakho-ke izinhlayiya zikaphethiloli ne-oksijini ezivela emoyeni zisondele kakhulu futhi ukusabela kuphelele ngokwengeziwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisa akuphelelwanga ngaphandle, kepha kudliwa yizinhlayiya uqobo.
Izinga eliphezulu lokucindezelwa lingenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zenjini kadizili kunophethiloli. Ibhuleki eliphambi kwalokhu okwenzekile yiyona ndlela yokuqhumisa, echazwe kahle ochungechungeni lwezihloko okukhulunywa ngazo. Emithwalweni ephakeme, ngokulandelana i-valve mpintsha evulekile (njengalapho kusheshiswa ukudlula), inani lenhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli ongena kusilinda ngamunye likhulu. Lokhu kusho ingcindezi ephakeme nokushisa okuphezulu okuphakathi kokusebenza. Okokugcina, futhi, kubangela ukucindezelwa okunamandla kwezinsalela zengxube kaphethiloli nomoya ovela ngaphambili kwelangabi lomlilo, ukwakheka okunamandla kakhulu kwama-peroxides nama-hydroxerxes okusele nasekuqaliseni kokushisa okuqhumayo enjinini, okuvame kakhulu ngejubane eliphakeme ngokwedlulele. , indandatho yensimbi kanye nokusabalalisa okungokoqobo kwamandla akhiqizwa yingxube eyinsalela.
Ukwehlisa lokhu kuthambekela emithwalweni ephezulu (kunjalo, ukuthambekela kokuqhumisa kuncike kwezinye izinto ezinjengokushisa kwangaphandle, ukupholisa nokushisa kukawoyela, ukumelana kwamafutha, njll.) Abaklami baphoqeleka ukunciphisa izinga lokucindezelwa. Ngalokhu, noma kunjalo, balahlekelwa ngokusebenza kahle kwenjini. Konke lokhu kusebenza kakhulu lapho kukhona i-turbocharging, njengoba umoya, yize upholile yi-intercooler, usangena ngaphambi kokucindezelwa kumasilinda. Lokhu kusho uphethiloli owengeziwe, ngokulandelana, kanye nokuthambekela okuphezulu kokuqhuma. Ngemuva kokwethulwa ngobuningi kwezinjini ezinciphisa ama-turbocharged, le nkinga yacaca kakhulu. Kungakho abaklami bekhuluma nge 'geometric compression ratio', echazwa ukwakhiwa kwenjini nethi 'real' lapho kucatshangelwa into yangaphambi kokucindezelwa. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasezinjini zesimanje ze-turbo ezinomjovo oqondile wephethiloli, obamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekupholiseni kwangaphakathi kwekamelo lomlilo futhi wehlise izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenqubo yomlilo, ngokulandelana ukuthambekela kokuqhuma, isilinganiso sokucindezelwa akuvamile ukweqa u-10,5: 1.
Kepha kuzokwenzekani uma izinga lejometri lokucindezelwa lingashintsha emsebenzini. Ukuba phezulu ngezindlela zokulayisha eziphansi nezingakhethi, ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu lethiyori nokuthi wehliswe ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kwe-turbocharging kanye nengcindezi ephezulu nokushisa kumasilinda ukugwema ukuqhuma. Lokhu kuzovumela kokubili amathuba okwandisa amandla nge-turbocharging ngokucindezela okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle, ngokulandelana ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwephethiloli.
Lapha, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 yokusebenza, injini ye-Infiniti ikhombisa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka. Ngokusho kweRaposto, umsebenzi owenziwe amaqembu ukuwenza wawumkhulu kakhulu futhi kwaba nomphumela wokuhlukunyezwa kwe-tantalum. Ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kuhlolwe ngokwakhiwa kwezinjini, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6 edlule lokhu kwafinyelelwa kwaqala izilungiselelo eziqondile. Uhlelo luvumela ukuguquguquka okunamandla, okungenasinyathelo kwesilinganiso sokucindezela kubanga kusuka ku-8: 1 kuye ku-14: 1.
Ukwakhiwa uqobo kukanobuhlakani: Induku yokuxhuma isilinda ngayinye ayidlulisi ukunyakaza kwayo iqonde ngqo ezintanjeni zokuxhuma ze-crankshaft, kepha iya ekhoneni elilodwa lesixhumanisi esikhethekile esiphakathi nesimbobo phakathi. Iyunithi ibekwe entanyeni yokuxhuma (kusekuvulekeni kwayo) futhi ukuthola amandla enduku yokuxhuma ngakolunye uhlangothi kuyidlulisela entanyeni njengoba iyunithi ingazungezi, kepha yenza ukunyakaza okuxakayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lweyunithi okukhulunywa ngayo uhlelo lwe-lever olusebenza njengohlobo lokusekelwa kwalo. Uhlelo lwesigwedlo luzungezisa iyunithi eceleni kwe-eksisi yalo, ngaleyo ndlela lususe iphuzu lokunamathiselwe kwenduku yokuxhuma ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ukunyakaza okunyakazayo kweyunithi Lesisemkhatsini kuyalondolozwa, kepha i-eksisi yayo iyaphenduka futhi ngaleyo ndlela inqume izikhundla ezihlukile zokuqala nezokugcina zenduku yokuxhuma, ngokulandelana i-piston kanye noshintsho olunamandla ezingeni lokucindezela ngokuya ngezimo.
Uzothi - kepha lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokungapheli injini, kungenisa izindlela ezintsha zokuhamba ohlelweni, futhi konke lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokungqubuzana kanye noquqaba lwe-inert. Yebo, uma uthi nhlá kunjalo, kodwa ngomshini wenjini i-VC-Turbo kunezimo ezithile ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Amayunithi angeziwe enduku yokuxhuma ngayinye, elawulwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi alinganisa amandla ohlelo lwesibili, ukuze kuthi yize ifuduka ngamalitha amabili, injini eyisilinda ezine ayidingi imiphini yokulinganisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba induku yokuxhuma ingakwenzi ukunyakaza okujwayelekile okubanzi kokujikeleza, kepha idlulisela amandla e-piston kolunye uhlangothi lweyunithi emaphakathi, empeleni incane futhi ilula (lokhu kuncike kuwo wonke amandla okuxakaniseka amabutho adluliswa ngohlelo olukhulunywa ngalo). ) futhi - okubaluleke kakhulu - inenkambo yokuchezuka engxenyeni yayo engezansi engu-17 mm kuphela. Isikhathi sokungqubuzana okukhulu sigwenywe, ngezinjini ezijwayelekile, ezijwayelekile ngomzuzu wokuqala ipiston kusuka enkabeni ephezulu efile, lapho induku yokuxhuma icindezela ku-eksisi ye-crankshaft nokulahleka kukhulu kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kukaMnu. Raposto noKiga, amaphutha aqedwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke izinzuzo zokuguqula ngamandla isilinganiso sokucindezelwa, esisekwe kusethiwe kususelwa kubhentshi nokuhlolwa komgwaqo (izinkulungwane zamahora) izinhlelo zesoftware ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukala ngesikhathi sangempela okwenzekayo enjinini. Amagunya obunikazi angaphezu kwama-300 ahlanganisiwe emshinini. Uhlobo lwe-avant-garde lwakamuva lubandakanya nohlelo lokujova uphethiloli olune-injector yomjovo oqondile wesilinda, osetshenziselwa ikakhulu ukuqala okubandayo nemithwalo ephezulu, kanye ne-injektha ezinhlakeni zokudla ezihlinzeka ngezimo ezingcono zokufuduka kukaphethiloli kanye nokuncane ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngomthwalo omncane. Ngakho-ke uhlelo lomjovo oluyinkimbinkimbi lunikeza okuhle kunakho kokubili imihlaba. Vele, injini nayo idinga uhlelo lokuthambisa oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, njengoba izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla zineziteshi ezikhethekile zokugcoba ingcindezi, ezigcwalisa iziteshi eziphambili ku-crankshaft.
Umphumela walokhu ukuthi injini yamasilinda amane kaphethiloli ene-272 hp. futhi i-torque engu-390 Nm izodla uphethiloli ongaphansi ngama-27% kunenjini yangaphambilini yasemkhathini yamasilinda ayisithupha eduze kwala mandla.
Umbhalo: UGeorgi Kolev, isithunywa esikhethekile se-auto motor nezemidlalo iBulgaria eParis
