Isiphakamiso sika-Poznań sokwenza i-BVP-1 ibe yesimanjemanje

Phakathi ne-MSPO 2019 yalo nyaka, u-Poznań Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne SA wethule isiphakamiso sokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwe-BWP-1, mhlawumbe esithakazelisa kakhulu phakathi kweziphakamiso ezihlongozwe imboni yezokuvikela yasePoland engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulunyaka.

Ibutho lasePoland lisenezimoto zokulwa zezingane ezingaphezu kuka-1250 BWP-1. Lezi izimoto ezivela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s, cishe ezingenalo inani lokulwa namuhla. Amasosha ahlomile nemishini, naphezu kwemizamo eyenziwa engxenyeni yesine yekhulu leminyaka edlule, asalinde umlandeli wawo ... Ngakho umbuzo uphakama - ingabe kufanelekile ukwenza izimoto ezindala zibe zesimanje namuhla? U-Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne SA wase-Poznan ulungiselele impendulo yabo.

Imoto yokulwa yezingane i-BMP-1 (Object 765) yaqala ukusebenza neSoviet Army emuva ngo-1966. Abaningi bakubheka, hhayi ngokufanelekile, njengesibonelo sesigaba esisha sezimoto zokulwa, okubhekiselwa kuzo eNtshonalanga njengezithwali zezisebenzi ezihlomile. Imoto (BMP), futhi ePoland ukuthuthukiswa okulula kokuhunyushwa kwesifinyezo sayo - izimoto zokulwa nezingane. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayekwazi ukwenza umbono ngempela - wayehamba kakhulu (isivinini emgwaqeni we-asphalt kuze kufike ku-65 km / h, ensimini kuze kufike ku-50 km / h, ibanga elingafika ku-500 km emgwaqeni we-asphalt), kuhlanganise nekhono lokubhukuda, ukukhanya (isisindo sokulwa ne-13,5 t), kwavikela amandla okufika kanye nabasebenzi emlilweni wezikhali ezincane kanye ne-shrapnel, futhi - ngokombono - wayehlome kakhulu: isibhamu se-73-mm 2A28 Grom medium-pressure, coaxial ene-PKT engu-7,62-mm, kanye nesibhamu esilwa nethangi esingu-9M14M esisodwa esiyisiqondiso se-Malyutka. Le sethi yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukulwa ngisho namathangi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo. Eqinisweni, izikhali nezikhali zabonakala zibuthakathaka ngokushesha, futhi ngenxa yendawo engaphakathi enyinyekile, ukushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle komgwaqo, kwakukhokhisa kakhulu amasosha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva i-USSR yamukela umlandeli wayo, i-BMP-2. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80s nama-90s, baphinde bavela eButhweni Lezempi lasePoland, ngobuningi obanele ukuhlomisa izimpi ezimbili (ngokwenani lemisebenzi ngaleso sikhathi), kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokusebenza, izimoto okwakuthiwa azifaneli zathengiswa phesheya. . Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwaqala khona ubunzima obuqhubekayo kuze kube yilolu suku, obuxhumene - ngokunye - ngokufuna ozongena esikhundleni sesimanje se-BVP-1 noma ngesimanje sezimoto ezikhona.

I-BVP-1 - asithuthukisi, ngoba ngomzuzu...

Phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka okuqala ngemva kokuwa kwe-Warsaw Pact, kwalungiselelwa iziphakamiso eziningana ezihlukene ePoland ukuze kwenziwe i-BVP-1 ibe yesimanjemanje. Uhlelo lwePuma, olwathatha kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2009, lwaba nethuba elikhulu lokuqaliswa.Kwacatshangwa ukuthi izimoto ezingu-668 zizolethwa ezingeni elisha (izigaba eziyi-12, ngoDisemba 2007), le nombolo yehliswa yaba ngu-468 i-reconnaissance unit ., 2008), kwase kuba yi-216 (ama-battalion amane, ngo-Okthoba 2008) futhi ekugcineni ku-192 (Julayi 2009). Emuva ngo-2009, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwababonisi abanezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemibhoshongo engahlali muntu kwaqala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi i-BVP-1 ethuthukisiwe izosebenza kuze kube ngu-2040. Ukuhlola kwakungacacile, kodwa izindleko ezihleliwe zaziphezulu futhi umphumela ongase ube khona wawungemuhle. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwaqedwa esigabeni se-prototype, futhi ngoNovemba 2009, ukuhlinzekwa kokuthuthukiswa kwe-BVP-1 kuya ezingeni le-Puma-1 ngohlelo olusha lombhoshongo olulawulwa kude alifakwanga ohlwini lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe kuMigomo. Yezikhombo. Uhlelo lwesimanje lwamabutho ahlomile asePoland lwango-2009-2018. Ngaphezu kokuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa okwenziwe kanye nokwanda okuhambisanayo kwamandla okulwa, isizathu sokulahlwa kwe- "Puma-1" kwakuwukuvela okuseduze kwebutho lasePoland lomlandeli we "byupov"...

Ngempela, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenziwa umzamo wokuthola imoto enjalo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa nezezimali kanye nezenhlangano, lokhu kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka, naphezu kokuthunyelwa kwamaphrojekthi amaningi asekhaya (okuhlanganisa i-BWP-2000, i-IFW esekelwe ku-UMPG noma uhlelo lweNqola) kanye neziphakamiso zangaphandle (isibonelo, i-CV90).

Kubonakala sengathi uhlelo lwe-Borsuk NBPRP kuphela, oluqaliswe kusukela ngo-Okthoba 24, 2014 yimboni yezokuvikela yasePoland, lungaphela ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2009, i-BVP-1 ayizange yenziwe ibe yesimanjemanje, futhi manje, ngo-2019, ayizange ibe yesimanjemanje futhi ingagugi kakhulu, futhi kuzodingeka silinde okungenani eminye iminyaka emithathu ukuze ama-Badgers okuqala angene enkonzweni. amasevisi. Kuzophinde kuthathe isikhathi eside ukushintsha i-BWP-1 kwezinye izigaba. Njengamanje, i-Ground Forces inezimpi zemishini ezingu-23, ngalinye linezimoto zokulwa ezingu-58. Eziyisishiyagalombili zazo, i-BWP-1s yashintshwa noma izothathelwa indawo maduze nje yizimoto zokulwa ezinamasondo e-Rosomak, okusho ukuthi, ngokweqile, ukuthatha indawo ye-BWP-870 ngokuphelele, i-1 Borsuków kufanele ikhiqizwe kuphela enguqulweni ye-BMP - futhi i-19th mechanized brigade kufanele yakhelwe. uma engeke ayithole i-Wolverine nayo. Kungacatshangwa ngokucophelela ukuthi i-BWP-1 izohlala namasosha asePoland ngemuva kuka-2030. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zimoto zinikeza abasebenzisi amakhono angempela enkundleni yempi yesimanje, i-Poznań Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne SA, ephethwe yi-PGZ Capital Group, ilungiselele ukunikezwa nokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje emlandweni wayo. I-“bewoop” endala.

Poznan umnikelo

Inkampani yase-Poznań, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo ngamaphrojekthi anjalo, inikeze iphakethe lesimanje lesimanje. Izinguquko kufanele zihlanganise zonke izindawo ezibalulekile. Into esemqoka ukukhulisa izinga lokuvikela kanye namandla omlilo. Izikhali ezengeziwe, ngenkathi zigcina ikhono lokuntanta, kufanele zinikeze ukumelana kwe-ballistic ezingeni 3 ngokusho kwe-STANAG 4569A, nakuba umgomo uwukufinyelela ezingeni 4. Ukumelana nemayini kufanele kuhambisane nezinga 1 (ukuvikela ngokumelene neziqhumane ezincane) ngokusho kwe-STANAG 4569B - ngaphezulu angeke kufezwe ngaphandle kokungenelela okungathi sína esakhiweni kanye nokulahlekelwa ikhono lokuntanta. Ukuphepha kwezimoto kungandiswa ngokufaka isistimu yokubona imisebe ye-laser i-SSP-1 “Obra-3” noma efanayo, kanye nokusebenzisa uhlelo lwesimanje lokuvikela umlilo. Ukwanda kweziqhumane kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-turret entsha engahlali muntu. Ukukhethwa kwayo akulula ngenxa yemikhawulo ebalulekile yesisindo, ngakho-ke phakathi ne-ISPO yama-30 i-Kongsberg Protector RWS LW-600 imoto elawulwa kude, enesisindo esingaba ngu-30 kg kuphela, yethulwa. Ihlome ngenganono engu-230 mm Northrop Grumman (ATK) M64LF (okuhlukile kwesibhamu se-AH-30 Apache) edubula izinhlamvu ezingu-113 × 7,62 mm, kanye nesibhamu somshini esingu-805 mm. Izikhali eziyinhloko zizinzile. Uma uthanda, isiqhumane se-Raytheon/Lockheed Martin Javelin esilwa nethangi esiqondiswa umcibisholo singahlanganiswa nesiteshi (futhi sethulwe kulokhu kucushwa), kanye noRafael Spike-LR, MBDA MMP noma, isibonelo, iPirata yasekhaya. Izinhlamvu ezingajwayelekile ezinejubane lombhobho lika-1080 m/s (uma kuqhathaniswa nama-30 m/s ngezinhlamvu ezifanayo eziyi-173×2 mm HEI-T) zingaba inkinga ethile. Kodwa-ke, uma sicabanga ngokuqiniseka, iphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene ne-Russian BMP-3/-300 (okungenani ekulungisweni okuyisisekelo) emabangeni ajwayelekile etiyetha yase-Central Europe yokusebenza, futhi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-ATGM akufanele kulibaleke. Kungenjalo, kungasetshenziswa amanye ama-turrets angasindi angahlali muntu, njengeMidgard 30 yase-Slovenian Valhalla Turrets, ehlome ngenganono yaseBrithani engu-30mm Venom LR evela ku-AEI Systems, nayo yakhelwe izinhlamvu eziyi-113xXNUMXmm.

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko zemoto nayo yathuthukiswa - ukuqina kanye ne-ergonomics yegumbi lamasosha. Uphahla lwemoto luphakanyisiwe (okuyinto ekhumbuza izixazululo zase-Ukraine), ngenxa yokuthi kutholakala indawo enkulu eyengeziwe. Ekugcineni, ithangi likaphethiloli liyiswa endaweni yenjini (phambi kwendawo yokumisa ohlangothini lwe-starboard), futhi amathuluzi asele engxenyeni emaphakathi yendawo yokufikela ayasuswa ngokufanayo (bese efakwa amasha). . Kanye nokususwa kwebhasikidi elidala le-turret, lokhu kuzodala isikhala esengeziwe semishini nezikhali. Iqembu linabantu ababili kuya kwabathathu kanye nama-paratrooper ayisithupha. Kuzoba khona izinguquko ezengeziwe - umshayeli uzothola iphaneli yensimbi entsha, wonke amasosha azothola izihlalo zesimanje ezimisiwe, ama-racks kanye nezibambi zezikhali nemishini nazo zizovela. Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngezimo kuzohlinzekwa ngamadivaysi esimanje e-turret surveillance kanye nesiqondiso, kanye nesistimu yokugada yonke indawo (isibonelo, i-SOD-1 Atena) noma izinhlelo zesimanje zokuxhumana zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, kanye nokwesekwa kwe-IT (isibonelo, i-BMS). Ukwanda kwesisindo semoto kuzonxeshezelwa: ukuqinisa i-chassis, usebenzisa amathrekhi amasha, noma, ekugcineni, esikhundleni senjini endala ye-UTD-20 enenjini enamandla kakhulu (240 kW / 326 hp) MTU 6R 106 TD21 injini, eyaziwayo. Ngokwesibonelo. kusukela ku-Jelča 442.32 4×4. Izohlanganiswa ne-powertrain no-gearbox wamanje.

Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje noma ukuvuselela kabusha?

Ungase uzibuze - ingabe kunengqondo ukusebenzisa izixazululo eziningi zesimanje (ngisho nenani elilinganiselwe lazo, ngaphandle, isibonelo, i-SOD noma i-BMS) emotweni enjalo ephelelwe yisikhathi? Hhayi ekuboneni kuqala, kodwa esikhathini esimaphakathi kuya kwesikhathi eside, imishini yesimanje efana nombhoshongo ongahlali muntu ingadluliselwa kwezinye izimoto. Ukulandela lesi sibonelo, isitendi se-RWS LW-30 sethulwe emotweni yezikhali ye-JLTV noma isithuthi esilandelelwa yi-AMPV. Ngakho ngokuzayo ingatholakala ku-Pegasuses (uma kungenzeka ithengwe...) noma okuhlukile kwe-Borsuk sub esikhundleni sezikhundla ezingu-12,7mm WEIGHT. Izinto zemishini yomsakazo-elekthronikhi (iziteshi zomsakazo) noma izinhlelo zokugada neziqondiso zingahunyushwa ngendlela efanayo. Lo mkhuba usetshenziswa emazweni amaningi acebile kunePoland.

I-WZM SA impela inomqondo othokozisayo wokuthi kwenziwani ngezimoto okusekelwe ku-BWP-1. Amafekthri ase-Poznan asevele enza i-BWR-1S ibe yesimanje (bona i-WiT 10/2017) kanye ne-BWR-1D (bheka i-WiT 9/2018) izimoto zokulwa nokuhlola, futhi sebeqongelele ulwazi olunzulu ngalezi zimoto, ukuzilungisa nokulungisa. ukulungiswa, kanye nokwenza kwabo isimanje kumazinga ePuma nePuma-1. Ngokuzayo, izimoto ezikhethekile zingadalwa ngesisekelo se-BVP-1 yesimanje, isibonelo isiphakamiso sohlelo lwe-Ottokar Brzoza, lapho i-BVP-1 yesimanje, ihlanganiswe ngokwengxenye nesiphakamiso sesimanje esichazwe ngenhla (isibonelo, isikhungo samandla esifanayo, inethiwekhi yolwazi ngocingo, eguqulelwe ekufakweni kwe-BMS, njll.) izoba yisisekelo sokucekela phansi ithangi. Kunezinketho eziningi - ngesisekelo se-BVP-1, ungakha imoto yokukhipha i-ambulensi, imoto yokuhlola izikhali (okubandakanya ukuxhumana nombhubhisi ithangi), umthwali wezimoto zasemoyeni ongenamuntu (nge-BSP DC01 "Fly" evela ku-Droni , imoto yethulwe ebhizinisini le-Polish Success Forum e-Poznań) noma ngisho nemoto yokulwa engenamuntu, esebenzisana ne-Borsuk esikhathini esizayo, kanye ne-RCV ne-OMFV. Okokuqala, nokho, ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje, ngisho namanani amancane uma kuqhathaniswa (ngokwesibonelo, izingcezu ezingama-250-300), kuzovumela izinsana zasePoland ezihamba ngezimoto ukuthi zisinde esikhathini esiphakathi kokwamukelwa kweBorsuk nokuhoxiswa kwe-BMP-1 yokugcina, kuyilapho. ukugcina inani langempela lokulwa. Yiqiniso, esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa, ungakhetha ukuthuthukisa, njengoba kwenzeka ku-T-1, kodwa umsebenzisi uyavuma ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imishini, iningi lazo imingcele ayifani nemishini ye-Cold War. .