Isikhathi esishisayo ngaphambi kwe-F-35
Ngokusho kwezitatimende, ukuqala kokulethwa kwesistimu ye-S-400 eTurkey kubangele ukuthi abantu baseMelika basabele ekunqanyulweni kokubambisana ne-Ankara ohlelweni lwe-F-35 Lightning II. Isithombe nguClinton White.
NgoJulayi 16, uMongameli uDonald Trump umemezele ukuthi i-United States izoqeda ukusebenzisana kwezempi nezomnotho neTurkey njengengxenye yohlelo lwendiza ye-Lockheed Martin's F-35 Lightning II multirole combat. Lesi sitatimende siwumphumela wokuqala kokulethwa kwezinhlelo zokuvikela umoya ze-S-400, ezathengwa eRussia futhi, naphezu kwengcindezi evela eWashington, i-Ankara ayizange ihoxise kulesi sivumelwano esingenhla. Lesi sinqumo sizoba nemithelela eminingi kulolu hlelo, engazwakala nasemfuleni iVistula.
Isitatimende sikamongameli wase-US siwumphumela oqondile wezenzakalo zangoJulayi 12, lapho izindiza zokuthutha zaseRussia zifika endaweni yezindiza iMurted eduze nenhloko-dolobha yaseTurkey, ziletha izici zokuqala zohlelo lwe-S-400 (ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka i-WiT 8/2019). ). Abahlaziyi abaningi baveze ukuthi isikhathi eside kangaka phakathi kwemicimbi singaba umphumela wokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwabaphathi benhlangano yase-US mayelana nezinketho "zokujezisa" amaTurkey atholakala nge-CAATSA (Counting America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act) osayinwe emthethweni ngo-August 2017. Ngaphezu kwe-embargo ye-F-35, abantu baseMelika bangakwazi futhi ukukhawulela ukwesekwa okuhlobene nezinye izinhlobo zezikhali ezisetshenziswa yi-Turkish Armed Forces noma okwamanje ezinikezwayo (ngokwesibonelo, ngokwesaba lokhu, iTurkey inyuse ukuthengwa kwezingxenye ezisele ze-F-16C / D emasontweni asanda kwedlula, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Boeing kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela banikeze izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-CH-47F Chinook). Lokhu kungabonakala nasesitatimendeni sosopolitiki basePotomac, lapho esikhundleni samagama athi "i-embargo" noma "ukukhishwa" kuphela "ukumiswa" okuzwakalayo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abasebenzi baseTurkey abahlobene nohlelo lwe-F-35 bakwazile ukushiya i-United States ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Yiqiniso, akekho waseMelika ongaqinisekisa ukuthi izimfihlo zohlelo oluphethwe yiTurkey ngeke, ngokubuyisela, zembulwe kumaRussia noma amaShayina. Ama-F-35A amane aseqoqwe kakade futhi alethwa kumsebenzisi atholakala endaweni yase-Luke e-Arizona, lapho azohlala khona futhi alinde isiphetho sawo. Ngokwezinhlelo zokuqala, abokuqala bekufanele bafike esikhungweni saseMalatya ngoNovemba walo nyaka.
Kuze kube manje, u-Lockheed Martin useqoqe futhi wathumela ama-F-35A amane eTurkey, athunyelwa e-Luke Base e-Arizona, lapho asetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi baseTurkey. Ngokwezinhlelo, i-F-35As yokuqala yayizofika eTurkey ngoNovemba walo nyaka, isiyonke i-Ankara yamemezela ukuthi ikulungele ukuthenga amakhophi afinyelela kwayi-100, le nombolo ingafaka nenguqulo ye-F-35B. Isithombe nguClinton White.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi akukhona okokuqala ukuthi abaseTurkey babe nezinkinga zokuthenga izindiza zokulwa zase-US. Ngama-80s, i-Ankara kwadingeka iqinisekise iWashington ukuthi "izimfihlo" ze-F-16C / D ngeke zingene eSoviet Union nabalingani bayo. Ngokwesaba ukuputshuka kolwazi, amaMelika awazange avume ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto eTurkey naseGreece - ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo yokugcina ukulingana phakathi kwabalingani ababili be-NATO abalwayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside i-United States iphishekela umgomo wokudayisela amazwe womabili izinhlobo ezifanayo zezikhali.
Ukubamba iqhaza kweTurkey ohlelweni lwe-F-35 Lightning II kuqale ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, lapho u-Ankara eba nguzakwethu wesikhombisa wamazwe omhlaba eqenjini le-Tier 195. I-Turkey itshale i-US$2007 million ohlelweni. NgoJanuwari 116, iziphathimandla zayo zaqale zamemezela inhloso yazo yokuthenga izimoto eziyi-35 ngohlobo lwe-F-100A, kamuva zanqunyelwa ku-35. Ngokucabangela amandla akhulayo ezempi e-Turkish Armed Forces, kwakungeke kukhishwe ukuthi umyalo. izohlukaniswa phakathi kwezinguqulo ze-F-35A kanye ne-F. -2021B. Lezi zokugcina zenzelwe indiza enophephela emhlane ye-Anadolu, okumele iqale ukusebenza ngo-10. Kuze kube manje, i-Ankara i-ode ama-F-11A ayisithupha kumaqoqo amabili okuqala (ye-35 kanye nama-XNUMX).
Futhi ngo-2007, ukubambisana kwezimboni kwasungulwa namabhizinisi aseMelika ukuthola ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-F-35 eTurkey. Uhlelo njengamanje luhlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, i-Turkish Aerospace Industries, i-Kale Pratt & Whitney, i-Kale Aerospace, i-Alp Aviation ne-Ayesaş, ehlinzeka ngezakhi zesakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-900 ku-F-35 ngayinye. Uhlu lwabo luhlanganisa: ingxenye ephakathi ye-fuselage (zombili izingxenye zensimbi nezihlanganisiwe), isembozo sangaphakathi somoya, ama-pylons ezikhali ezisuka emoyeni, izakhi zenjini ye-F135, igiya lokufika, uhlelo lokubhuleka, izakhi ze-air-to-ground. isistimu yokubonisa idatha ku-cockpit noma isistimu yokulawula ihlanganisa izikhali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe isigamu sazo sikhiqizwa eTurkey kuphela. Ukusuka lapha, uMnyango Wezokuvikela uyalele u-Lockheed Martin ukuthi athole ngokushesha abanye abahlinzeki e-United States, okungabiza isabelomali sezokuvikela mayelana nezigidi ezingu-600 zamaRandi. Ukuphothulwa kokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-F-35 eTurkey kuhlelelwe uMashi 2020. Ngokusho kwePentagon, ukuguqulwa kwabahlinzeki kufanele kuthinte kancane lonke uhlelo, okungenani ngokusemthethweni. Esinye sezikhungo zesevisi yenjini ye-F135 naso sasizokwakhiwa eTurkey. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezokuvikela, izingxoxo sezivele ziqhubeka nelinye lamazwe aseYurophu ukuze lidluliselwe. Ngo-2020-2021, kuhlelwe ukwethula izikhungo ezimbili zalolu hlobo eNetherlands naseNorway. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengengxenye yokuthuthukiswa kwenguqulo ye-Block 4, izinkampani zaseTurkey bekufanele zibambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa izindiza nezinhlobo zezikhali ezikhiqizwa eTurkey.
Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kwesinqumo sikamongameli waseMelika, kwavela imibono eminingi ePoland, ephakamisa ukuthi izindawo ezigcinelwe izimoto zaseTurkey emgqeni wokugcina womhlangano e-Fort Worth zingathathwa uMnyango Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke, umemezele ukuthengwa okungenani kwe-32 F-35As ye-Air Force. Kubonakala sengathi indaba eyinhloko yisikhathi, njengoba iNetherlands iphinde imemezele umyalo wamanye amakhophi ayisishiyagalombili noma ayisishiyagalolunye, futhi isigaba sesibili sibuye sihlelwe yiJapane (ngenxa yezizathu zezimali, indiza kufanele ivele emgqeni we-Fort Worth) noma iRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea.
Manje umbuzo uhlala ukuthi impendulo yeTurkey izoba yini. Enye yezinketho kungaba ukuthengwa kwe-Su-57, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezinkampani zaseRussia ohlelweni lokwakhiwa kwendiza yesizukulwane sesi-5 ye-TAI TF-X.
