Ukumiswa Kokuziphatha: Umthelela We-Altitude kanye Nezinga Lokushisa

Uma ibhayisikili lakho lasezintabeni lichayeka ezimweni ezishintshayo ezifana nezinga lokushisa noma ukuphakama (ukulungiswa okulula, njengokusebenzisa ipaki yebhayisikili), ukuziphatha kokumiswa kuyashintsha.

Sondeza okushintshayo.

Temperature

Izinga lokushisa lapho i-slurry evezwa khona ithinta ukucindezela komoya ngaphakathi kwayo.

Abakhiqizi bakha amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokwehla. Umgomo oyinhloko ukugcina izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngangokunokwenzeka kusukela phezulu kuya phansi kwentaba.

Izimiso ezifana "ne-piggy bank" zathuthukiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe uketshezi oluningi futhi lusatshalaliswe ngaphandle kwe-slurry.

Isebenza njengerediyetha: uwoyela odlula ku-damper piston udala ukushisa ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Lapho ukucindezelwa nokubopha kancane kancane, kuba mkhulu ukuvinjelwa kokudlula kukawoyela, kukhuphula ukungqubuzana. Uma lokhu kushisa kungahlakazwa, kuzophakamisa izinga lokushisa eliphelele lokumiswa futhi ngakho-ke umoya ngaphakathi.

Nokho, kufanele sibeke izinto ngendlela efanele.

Ngaphandle kwesitatimende sangaphambilini, asikho isidingo sokushuna ukumiswa kwakho kuzilungiselelo zakho ezivulekile kakhulu ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana. Amapende anamuhla aklanyelwe ukubhekana nalokhu kushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Umoya oqukethwe emthonjeni uzwela kakhulu ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Phakathi nemicimbi yokwehla noma ye-DH, akuvamile ukubona izinga lokushisa le-slurry likhuphuka ngo-13-16 degrees Celsius kusukela ekushiseni kwalo kokuqala. Ngakho, lokhu kushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngokungangabazeki kuzothinta ukucindezela komoya ngaphakathi emakamelweni.

Ngempela, umthetho omuhle wegesi wenza kube nokwenzeka ukubala ukuguqulwa kwengcindezi njengomsebenzi wevolumu nokushisa. Nakuba ukumiswa ngakunye kuhlukile (ngoba ngakunye kunomthamo wakho), sisengakwazi ukusungula imihlahlandlela evamile. Ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa elingu-10 degrees Celsius, singabona ushintsho ekucindezelweni komoya ngaphakathi kokumiswa cishe ngo-3.7%.

Thatha ukushaqeka kwe-Fox float DPX2, isibonelo, kushunwe ku-200 psi (13,8 bar) kanye no-15 degrees Celsius esiqongweni sentaba. Ngesikhathi sokwehla okukhulu, cabanga ukuthi izinga lokushisa lethu lokumiswa lenyuke ngo-16 degrees lafinyelela ku-31 degrees Celsius. Ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi ngaphakathi izokwenyuka cishe ngo-11 psi ukuze ifinyelele ku-211 psi (14,5 bar).

Ifomula yokubala ukuguqulwa kwengcindezi imi kanje:

Ukucindezela kokuphela = Ukucindezela kokuqala x (Izinga lokushisa lokugcina +273) / Izinga lokushisa lokuqala + 273

Le fomula iyalinganiselwa njengoba i-nitrogen yenza u-78% womoya ozungezile. Ngale ndlela uzoqonda ukuthi kukhona umkhawulo wephutha njengoba igesi ngayinye ihlukile. Umoya-mpilo wenza ama-21% asele, kanye no-1% wamagesi angasebenzi.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuthile, ngingaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwale fomula kusondele kakhulu eqinisweni.

L'altitude

Ezingeni lolwandle, zonke izinto zivezwa ekucindezelweni kwebha engu-1, noma 14.696 psi, ikalwa ngesilinganiso esiphelele.

Uma ushuna ukumiswa kube ngu-200 psi (ibha engu-13,8), empeleni ufunda ingcindezi yegeji, ebalwa njengomehluko phakathi kwengcindezi ye-ambient kanye nokucindezela ngaphakathi kokushaqeka.

Esibonelweni sethu, uma usezingeni lolwandle, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-shock absorber ingu-214.696 psi (14,8 bar) futhi ingcindezi yangaphandle ingu-14.696 psi (1 bar), okuyi-200 psi (13,8 bar) square inch (XNUMX bar) .

Njengoba ukhuphuka, ukucindezela komkhathi kuyehla. Lapho ifinyelela ubude obungu-3 m, ingcindezi yomkhathi yehla ngo-000 psi (4,5 bar), ifinyelela ku-0,3 10.196 psi (0,7 bar).

Ngamagama alula, ukucindezela komkhathi kwehla ngebha engu-0,1 (~ 1,5 psi) njalo ngamamitha angu-1000 wokuphakama.

Ngakho, ingcindezi ye-gauge ku-absorber shock manje i-204.5 psi (214.696 - 10.196) noma ibha ye-14,1. Ngakho-ke, ungabona ukwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi ngenxa yomehluko nokucindezela komkhathi.

Yini ethonya ukuziphatha kokumiswa?

Uma ishubhu lokushaqeka elingu-32 mm (shaft) linendawo engu-8 cm², umehluko webha engu-0,3 phakathi kwezinga lolwandle namamitha angu-3000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle cishe u-2,7 kg we-piston pressure.

Ngemfoloko yama-diameter ahlukene (34 mm, 36 mm noma 40 mm), umthelela uzohluka, ngoba umthamo womoya kuwo awufani. Ekupheleni kosuku, umehluko webha engu-0,3 uzoba mncane kakhulu ekuziphatheni kokumiswa, ngoba, khumbula, wehla futhi ingcindezi izobuyela enanini layo langempela phakathi nesifundo.

Kudingeka ukuthi ufinyelele ukuphakama okungaba ngu-4500 m ukuze ube nomthelela ophawulekayo wezimpawu ze-absorber engemuva ("i-shock absorber").

Lo mthelela uzodalwa ikakhulukazi isilinganiso sesistimu ngokumelene namandla emithelela isondo elingemuva elibhekene nawo. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kuphakama, umthelela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele ngeke ube yinto encane ngenxa yokwehla kwengcindezi okuzokudala.

Kwehlukile ngemfoloko. Ukusuka ku-1500 m singabona ushintsho ekusebenzeni.

Uma ukhuphukela phezulu, ngokuvamile ubona ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela isici esingenhla.

Khumbula ukuthi ukushintshashintsha komfutho womkhathi kunomphumela ofanayo ekuziphatheni kwamasondo akho.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi asikho isixazululo esiqondile thina njengomgibeli webhayisikili wasezintabeni esingasisebenzisa ukuze sinciphise izinga lokushisa lamahhanisi ethu noma umphumela wokuphakama kwawo.

Ngaphandle kwalokho esikubonise kona, enkundleni, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazokwazi ukuzwa imiphumela yezinga lokushisa nokuphakama kwamahhanisi.

Ngakho ungakwazi ukugibela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngalesi simo futhi ujabulele nje ithrekhi ephambi kwakho. Ukucindezela okwandayo kuzoholela ekuphambukeni okuncane kanye nomuzwa oshisayo lapho umanzi.

Ingabe ibalulekile ngempela?

Ngokuqondene ne-shock absorber, abashayeli bezindiza bezinga eliphezulu kuphela abangawuzwa lo mphumela njengoba ukuphambuka kukuncane kakhulu. Ukushintsha kokuhlehla kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3% esikhathini esithile kucishe kungabonakali. Lokhu kuchazwa ngumgomo wengalo elengayo. Khona-ke amandla omthelela adluliselwa kalula ku-shock absorber.

Lena indaba ehlukile yemfoloko, njengoba ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi encane kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ku-sag. Khumbula, i-surebet ayinawo amandla. Isilinganiso sizobe sesiba ngu-1: 1. Ukuqina kwentwasahlobo kuzokhuphula ukudlidliza okudluliselwa ezandleni, ngaphezu kokudonsa ukushaqeka ngenkathi ugibela ngendlela engasebenzi kahle.

isiphetho

Kumuntu oshisekayo, kuphakathi nohambo lwasebusika lapho singathola khona umthelela omkhulu noma uma sishuna ukumiswa kanye kuphela bese sihamba.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi simiso asisebenzi nje kuphela ekushiseni okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwehla, kodwa futhi nokushisa kwangaphandle. Uma ubala ukuchezuka okungama-degree angu-20 ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho bese ugibela ibhayisikili lakho ku--10 degrees, ngeke ube nokuphambuka okufana nangaphakathi, futhi lokhu kuzothinta ukusebenza kokumiswa okufunayo. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ukuxega ngaphandle hhayi ngaphakathi. I-Ditto uma ubala i-sag ekuqaleni kwesizini futhi uhamba. Le datha izohluka kuye ngezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ohlose ukuzivakashela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ihlolwe njalo ngaphambi kohambo ngalunye.

Kulabo abanentshisekelo emiphumeleni yokuphakama okuphezulu, njengezindiza zendiza, lapho uthutha amabhayisikili, sicela uqaphele ukuthi indawo yemithwalo yendiza icindezelekile futhi ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi kuphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, asikho isizathu sokwehlisa ingcindezi emathayini noma ekumisweni, ngoba lokhu akunakubalimaza nganoma iyiphi indlela. I-suspension namathayi angakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu kakhulu.