Ukuqhekeka kwe-generator - izimpawu, ukuxilonga, izimbangela, ukuhlolwa
Okuqukethwe
Ukuphuka kwezinto zikagesi zemoto kuvame kakhulu futhi kuthatha indawo eyodwa ehamba phambili ohlwini lokuphuka. Zingahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela zibe ukuhlukaniswa kwemithombo yamanje (amabhethri, amajeneretha) kanye nokuwohloka kwabathengi (i-optics, i-ignition, isimo sezulu, njll.). Okuyinhloko Imithombo yamandla emoto amabhethri nama-alternator.. ukuwohloka ngamunye wabo kuholela ukuwohloka jikelele kwemoto kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngezindlela ezingavamile, noma ngisho nokungakwazi ukuhamba kwemoto.
Emishinini kagesi yemoto, ibhethri ne-alternator zisebenza ngokubambisana okunganqamuki. Uma omunye ehluleka, ngemva kwesikhashana omunye uzohluleka. Isibonelo, ibhethri eliphukile liholela ekwenyukeni kwamandla okushaja kwejeneretha. Futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuwohloka kwe-rectifier (ibhuloho le-diode). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kwenzeka ukuphuka kwesilawuli se-voltage esivela ku-generator, amandla okushaja angakhuphuka, okuzoholela nakanjani ekushajweni okuhlelekile kwebhethri, "ukubilisa" kwe-electrolyte, ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamapuleti kanye ukwehluleka kwebhethri.
Ukwehluleka okuvamile kwe-generator:
- ukugqoka noma ukulimala ku-pulley;
- ukugqoka amabhulashi wokuqoqa;
- ukugqokwa komqoqi (ama-slip rings);
- umonakalo ku-voltage regulator;
- isifunda esifushane sokuphenduka kwe-stator winding;
- ukuguga noma ukubhujiswa kwe-bearing;
- umonakalo ku-rectifier (ibhuloho le-diode);
- ukulimala kwezintambo zesekethe yokushaja.
Ukwehluleka kwebhethri okuvamile:
- isifunda esifushane sama-electrodes/amapuleti ebhethri;
- ukulimala komshini noma kwamakhemikhali kumapuleti ebhethri;
- ukwephulwa kokuqina kwamathini ebhethri - ukuqhekeka kwebhethri ngenxa yemithelela noma ukufakwa okungalungile;
- I-chemical oxidation yamatheminali ebhethri Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu kungasebenzi kahle yilezi:
- ukwephulwa okukhulu kwemithetho yokusebenza;
- ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwempilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo;
- amaphutha ahlukahlukene wokukhiqiza.
Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthi umshayeli azi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator, izindlela zokuziqeda, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuwohloka.
Wonke ama-generator ahlukaniswe abe amajeneretha okuguquguqukayo и постоянного тока. Izimoto zesimanje zabagibeli zifakwe ama-alternator anebhuloho elakhelwe ngaphakathi le-diode (rectifier). Lokhu kokugcina kuyadingeka ukuguqula okwamanje ku-current ngqo, lapho abathengi bakagesi bemoto besebenza khona. Isilungisi ngokuvamile sitholakala kukhava noma ezindlini zejeneretha futhi singesinye nesemuva.
Zonke izinto zikagesi zemoto zenzelwe uhla oluchazwe ngokuqinile lwemisinga esebenzayo nge-voltage. imvamisa, ama-voltages asebenzayo aphakathi kuka-13,8-14,8 V. Ngenxa yokuthi i-generator "iboshwe" ngebhande ku-crankshaft yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kusukela ekuguqukeni okuhlukene kanye nesivinini semoto, izosebenza ngokuhlukile. Okokushelela nokulawula amandla okukhiphayo lapho isilawuli se-relay-voltage sihloselwe, esidlala indima yesiqinisi futhi sinqande kokubili ukukhuphuka nokucwiliswa ku-voltage yokusebenza. Amajeneretha esimanje afakwe izilawuli zamandla kagesi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezibizwa nge-colloquially ngokuthi "ushokoledi" noma "iphilisi".
Sekuvele kucace ukuthi noma iyiphi i-generator iyiyunithi eyinkimbinkimbi, ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi imoto.
Izinhlobo zamaphutha ejeneretha
Ngenxa yokuthi noma iyiphi i-generator iyisisetshenziswa se-electromechanical, kuzoba nezinhlobo ezimbili zokungasebenzi kahle, ngokulandelana - imishini и kagesi.
Eyokuqala ihlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi kwezinsimbi, izindlu, ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-bearings, iziphethu zokubopha, ibhande lokushayela, nokunye ukwehluleka okungahlobene nengxenye kagesi.
Amaphutha kagesi ahlanganisa ukuphuka kwama-windings, ukuwohloka kwebhuloho le-diode, ukutubeka / ukuguga kwamabhulashi, ama-interturn short circuits, ukuphuka, ama-rotor beats, ukuwohloka kwesilawuli esidluliswayo.
Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezibonisa isici sejeneretha enephutha zingase zivele njengomphumela wezinkinga ezihluke ngokuphelele. Njengesibonelo, ukuthintana okungalungile esokhethini ye-fuse yesekethe ye-generator excitation kuzobonisa ukuwohloka kwe-generator. Izinsolo ezifanayo zingase ziphakame ngenxa yokuxhumana okushile endlini yokukhiya. Futhi, ukuvutha njalo kwesibani senkomba yokuhluleka kwe-generator kungabangelwa ukwehluleka kwe-relay, ukucwayiza kwalesi sibani sokushintsha kungase kubonise ukwehluleka kwe-generator.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuwohloka kwe-oscillator:
- Uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza, isibani senkomba yokuphuma kwebhethri siyabaneka (noma sikhanyisa ngokuqhubekayo).
- Ukukhipha ngokushesha noma ukushajwa kabusha (ukubilisa) kwebhethri.
- Fiphalisa ukukhanya kwezibani zangaphambili zomshini, ukukhehlezela noma isignali yomsindo othulile lapho injini isebenza.
- Ushintsho olubalulekile ekukhanyeni kwezibani zangaphambili nokwanda kwenani lama-revolutions. Lokhu kungase kuvunyelwe ngokunyuka kwesivinini (ukusetha kabusha) kusukela kokungenzi lutho, kodwa izibani, njengoba zikhanyise ngokugqamile, akufanele zikhulise ukukhanya kwazo ngokuqhubekayo, zihlale zinamandla afanayo.
- Imisindo engaphandle (ukukhala, ukuklewula) evela kujeneretha.
ukushuba kwesimo kanye nesimo esijwayelekile sebhande lokushayela kufanele kuqashelwe njalo. Imifantu nama-delaminations adinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha.
Imishini yokulungisa i-generator
Ukuze kuqedwe ukuwohloka okubonisiwe kwe-generator, kuzodingeka kwenziwe ukulungisa. Ukuqala ukucinga ikhithi yokulungisa i-generator ku-inthanethi, kufanele ulungiselele ukudumazeka - amakhithi anikezwa ngokuvamile aqukethe ama-washers, ama-bolts namantongomane. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukubuyisela i-generator emandleni okusebenza kuphela ngokufaka esikhundleni - amabhulashi, ibhuloho le-diode, isilawuli ... Ngakho-ke, indoda enesibindi enquma ukulungisa yenza ikhithi yokulungisa ngayinye kusuka kulezo zingxenye ezihambisana nejeneretha yakhe. Kubukeka njengethebula elingezansi, kusetshenziswa isibonelo sepheya lamajeneretha eVAZ 2110 kanye neFord Focus 2.
| Ijeneretha KZATE 9402.3701-03 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Imininingwane | Inombolo yekhathalogi | I-Цена (руб.) |
| Amabhulashi | 1127014022 | 105 |
| Isilawuli se-Voltage | 844.3702 | 580 |
| I-diode bridge | I-BVO4-105-01 | 500 |
| Izibhebhe | 6303 futhi 6203 | 345 |
| I-Generator Bosch 0 986 041 850 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Imininingwane | Inombolo yekhathalogi | I-Цена (руб.) |
| Amabhulashi | 140371 | 30 |
| isibambi sebhulashi | 235607 | 245 |
| Isilawuli se-Voltage | IN6601 | 1020 |
| I-diode bridge | INR431 | 1400 |
| Izibhebhe | 140084 futhi 140093 | 140 / 200 ama-ruble |
Ukuxazulula inkinga
Ezimotweni zesimanje, ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuxilonga "yakudala" ngokuwisa ibhethri endaweni yebhethri nakho kungaholela emonakalweni omkhulu kumasistimu amaningi kagesi emoto. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi abalulekile kunethiwekhi yemoto esebhodini kungakhubaza cishe wonke ama-electronics asebhodini. Yingakho ama-generator anamuhla ehlala ehlolwa kuphela ngokulinganisa i-voltage kunethiwekhi noma ukuxilonga i-node ekhishwe kakhulu endaweni ekhethekile. Okokuqala, i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri iyalinganiswa, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyaqalwa futhi ukufundwa kuthathwa kakade ngenjini isebenza. Ngaphambi kokuqala, i-voltage kufanele ibe ngu-12 V, ngemuva kokuqala - ukusuka ku-13,8 kuya ku-14,8 V. Ukuphambuka phezulu kubonisa ukuthi kukhona "ukushaja kabusha", okusho ukuwohloka kwe-relay-regulator, kuya kwencane - ukuthi akukho okwamanje. uyageleza. Ukungabikho kwamandla okushaja kubonisa ukuhlukana kwejeneretha noma amaketanga.
Izimbangela zokuqhekeka
Okuvamile izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator Sekuwukuguga nje nokugqwala. Cishe konke ukwehluleka kwemishini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amabhulashi agugile noma ama-bearings awile, kuwumphumela wokusebenza isikhathi eside. Amajeneretha esimanje afakwe ama-bearings avaliwe (angenayo isondlo), adinga nje ukushintshwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile noma imayela lemoto. Okufanayo kusebenza engxenyeni kagesi - ngokuvamile izingxenye kufanele zishintshwe ngokuphelele.
futhi izizathu zingaba:
- izinga eliphansi lezingxenye zokukhiqiza;
- ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokusebenza noma ukusebenza ngaphandle kwemingcele yezindlela ezijwayelekile;
- izimbangela zangaphandle (usawoti, uketshezi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amakhemikhali omgwaqo, ukungcola).
Ijeneretha yokuhlola ngokwakho
Indlela elula ukuhlola i-fuse. Uma ikwazi ukuseviswa, ijeneretha nendawo yayo kuyahlolwa. Ukujikeleza kwamahhala kwe-rotor kuhlolwe, ubuqotho bebhande, izintambo, izindlu. Uma kungekho izinsolo eziphakanyisiwe, amabhulashi nama-slip ring ayahlolwa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, amabhulashi aguga nakanjani, akwazi ukujam, ajike, futhi ama-slip ring grooves avale uthuli lwe-graphite. Uphawu olucacile lwalokhu ukuqhuma okweqile.
Kunezimo ezivamile zokugqoka okuphelele noma ukuphuka kokubili ama-bearings kanye nokwehluleka kwe-stator.
Inkinga evame kakhulu yemishini kujeneretha ukuguga. Uphawu lwalokhu kwephuka ukuhhewula noma ikhwelo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweyunithi. Yiqiniso, ama-bearings kufanele ashintshwe ngokushesha noma azame ukwakhiwa kabusha ngokuhlanza nokugcoba. Ibhande lokushayela elixegayo lingase libangele ukuthi i-alternator isebenze kabi. Esinye sezibonakaliso kungase kube ikhwela elizwakalayo elisuka ngaphansi kwesivalo lapho imoto igijima noma ijubane.
Ukuze uhlole i-excitation winding ye-rotor ngokujika okufushane noma amakhefu, udinga ukuxhuma i-multimeter eshintshelwe kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana kuzo zombili izindandatho zokuxhumana zejeneretha. Ukumelana okuvamile kuvela ku-1,8 kuya ku-5 ohms. Ukufundwa okungezansi kukhombisa ubukhona besifunda esifushane emajikeni; ngenhla - ikhefu eliqondile ekujikeni.
Ukuze uhlole ukuma kwe-stator ukuthi "ukwehla kuya phansi", kufanele anqanyulwe kuyunithi yokulungisa. Ngokufunda kokumelana okunikezwa yi-multimeter, enenani elikhulu elingenamkhawulo, akungabazeki ukuthi i-stator windings ayixhumani nezindlu ("umhlabathi").
I-multimeter isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-diode kuyunithi yokulungisa (ngemuva kokunqanyulwa ngokuphelele kuma-windings e-stator). Imodi yokuhlola "i-diode test". I-probe ephozithivu ixhunywe ekuhlanganiseni noma ekususeni kwesilungisi, futhi i-negative probe ixhunywe ekukhishweni kwesigaba. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-probes ayashintshwa. Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufundwa kwe-multimeter kuhluke kakhulu kunangaphambili, i-diode iyasebenza, uma ingahlukani, iyiphutha. futhi uphawu olulodwa olubonisa "ukufa" okuseduze kwebhuloho le-diode ye-generator yi-oxidation yabathintana nabo, futhi isizathu salokhu ukushisa kwe-radiator.
Ukulungisa nokuxazulula izinkinga
Zonke izinkinga zemishini ziqedwa ngokushintsha izingxenye nezingxenye ezinephutha (amabhulashi, ibhande, ama-bearings, njll.) okusha noma okusetshenzwayo. Kumamodeli amadala amajeneretha, izindandatho zokushelela zivame ukudingeka ukuze zenziwe ngomshini. Amabhande okushayela ashintshwa ngenxa yokuguga, ukunwebeka okukhulu noma ukuphela kwempilo yabo yesevisi. I-rotor eyonakele noma i-stator windings, okwamanje ithathelwa indawo entsha njengomhlangano. Ukubuyisela emuva, nakuba kutholakala phakathi kwezinsizakalo zokulungisa izimoto, kuncane futhi kungavamile - kuyabiza futhi akunakwenzeka.
Futhi yilokho kuphela izinkinga zikagesi nge generator nquma ngokuhlolanjengabanye izakhi zesifunda (okungukuthi, ibhethri), ngakho kanye nemininingwane yayo ngokunembile kanye ne-voltage ephumayo. Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu abanikazi bezimoto ababhekana nazo ukukhokhisa ngokweqile, noma ngokuphambene, generator low voltage. Ukuhlola nokushintsha isilawuli se-voltage noma ibhuloho le-diode kuzosiza ukuqeda ukuwohloka kokuqala, futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nokukhishwa kwe-voltage ephansi. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani i-generator ikhiqiza i-voltage ephansi:
- ukwanda komthwalo kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi ngabathengi;
- ukuwohloka kwelinye lama-diode ebhulohweni le-diode;
- ukwehluleka kwesilawuli samandla kagesi;
- Ukushelela kwebhande elinezimbambo ezingu-V (ngenxa yengcindezi ephansi)
- ukuthintana kabi kocingo oluphansi kujeneretha;
- isifunda esifushane;
- ibhethri etshaliwe.
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