ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesivinini

ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesivinini ngokuvamile kuholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kwe-speedometer (umcibisholo weqa), kodwa ezinye izinkinga zingenzeka kuye ngokuthi imoto. okungukuthi, kungase kube nokwehluleka ekushintsheni igiya uma umshini ozishintshayo ufakiwe, hhayi umakhenikha, i-odometer ingasebenzi, uhlelo lwe-ABS noma uhlelo lokulawula ukudonsa kwenjini evuthayo (uma lukhona) luzocishwa ngenkani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimotweni zomjovo kuvame ukuvela amaphutha amakhodi p0500 kanye p0503.

Uma inzwa yesivinini ihluleka, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyilungisa, ngakho-ke ivele ithathelwe indawo entsha. Kodwa-ke, lokho okumelwe kukhiqizwe esimweni esinjalo nakho kufanelekile ukuthola ngokwenza amasheke ambalwa.

Isimiso senzwa

Ezimotweni eziningi ezine-manual transmission, inzwa yejubane ifakwe endaweni ye-gearbox, uma sicabangela izimoto ezinomshini ozenzakalelayo (hhayi nje kuphela), itholakala eduze kwe-shaft yokuphuma kwebhokisi, futhi umsebenzi wayo ukulungisa isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-shaft ecacisiwe.

ukuze ubhekane nenkinga, futhi uqonde ukuthi kungani inzwa yejubane (DS) inephutha, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono kusetshenziswa isibonelo semoto yasekhaya ethandwayo i-VAZ-2114, ngoba, ngokusho kwezibalo, kule moto izinzwa zejubane zivame ukuphuka.

Izinzwa zesivinini ezisuselwe kumphumela weHholo zakha isignali ye-pulse, edluliselwa ngocingo lwesignali ku-ECU. Lapho imoto ihamba ngesivinini, imizwa ivame ukudluliselwa. Ku-VAZ 2114, ikhilomitha elilodwa lendlela, inani le-pulses liyi-6004. Ijubane lokubunjwa kwabo lincike ngesivinini sokujikeleza kwe-shaft. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa ze-elekthronikhi - ezinokuthintana kwe-shaft nangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinzwa ezingezona othintana naye, njengoba idivayisi yabo ilula futhi inokwethenjelwa, ngakho-ke ishintshe ukuguqulwa okudala kwezinzwa zejubane yonke indawo.

Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwe-DS, kuyadingeka ukubeka i-master (i-pulse) disk enezingxenye ezidonsa ku-shaft ejikelezayo (ibhuloho, i-gearbox, i-gearbox). Uma lezi zigaba zidlula eduze kwesici esibucayi senzwa, ama-pulses ahambisanayo azokhiqizwa ekugcineni, azodluliselwa ku-unit control unit. Inzwa ngokwayo kanye ne-microcircuit enozibuthe kumile.

Izimoto eziningi ezihlome nge-othomathikhi zinezinzwa ezimbili zokujikeleza kwe-shaft ezifakwe kuma-node ayo - okuyisisekelo nesesibili. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lemoto linqunywa ijubane lokujikeleza kwe-shaft yesibili, ngakho-ke elinye igama lenzwa yesivinini sokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo inzwa ye-shaft ephumayo. Ngokuvamile lezi zinzwa zisebenza ngokuvumelana nesimiso esifanayo, kodwa zinezici zokuklama, ngakho-ke ezimweni eziningi ukushintshwa kwazo okuhlangene akunakwenzeka. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezimbili kubangelwa ukuthi, ngokusekelwe umehluko wejubane le-angular lokujikeleza kwama-shafts, i-ECU inquma ukushintsha ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kugiya elilodwa noma elinye.

Izimpawu zenzwa yesivinini ephukile

Uma kunezinkinga ngenzwa yejubane, umshayeli angakwazi ukuxilonga lokhu ngokungaqondile ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• I-Speedometer ayisebenzi kahle noma ngokuphelele, kanye ne-odometer. okungukuthi, izinkomba zayo azihambisani neqiniso noma "ukuntanta", futhi ngesiphithiphithi. Nokho, ngokuvamile i-speedometer ayisebenzi ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, umcibisholo ukhomba ku-zero noma ugxume ngokugqamile, uqhwande. Okufanayo kuya ku-odometer. Ikhomba ngokungeyikho ibanga elihanjwe yimoto, okusho ukuthi, ayibali nje ibanga elihanjwe yimoto.
• Ezimotweni ezinomshini ozishintshayo, ukushintsha kuyinto jerky futhi ngesikhathi esingalungile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo ayikwazi ukucacisa kahle inani lokunyakaza kwemoto futhi, empeleni, ukushintsha okungahleliwe kwenzeka. Uma ushayela kumodi yedolobha nasemgwaqweni omkhulu, lokhu kuyingozi, ngoba imoto ingaziphatha ngokungalindelekile, okungukuthi, ukushintsha phakathi kwesivinini kungaba yisiphithiphithi futhi kungenangqondo, kuhlanganise nokusheshisa kakhulu.
• Ezinye izimoto zine-electronic control unit ICE (ECU) ngenkani ikhubaza i-anti-lock braking system (ABS) (isithonjana esihambisanayo singakhanya) kanye / noma uhlelo lokulawula ukudonsa kwenjini. Lokhu kwenziwa, okokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwethrafikhi, futhi okwesibili, ukunciphisa umthwalo wezakhi zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kwimodi ephuthumayo.
• Kwezinye izimoto, i-ECU iphoqelelwa ikhawulela isivinini esiphezulu kanye / noma ama-revolutions aphezulu enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Lokhu kwenziwa futhi ngenxa yokuphepha kwezimoto, kanye nokunciphisa umthwalo enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, okungukuthi, ukuze ingasebenzi ngomthwalo ophansi ngesivinini esikhulu, esiyingozi kunoma iyiphi imoto (idling).
• Ukwenza kusebenze isibani sesexwayiso Senjini Yokuhlola kudeshibhodi. Lapho uskena inkumbulo yeyunithi yokulawula kagesi, amaphutha anamakhodi p0500 noma p0503 avame ukutholakala kuwo. Eyokuqala ibonisa ukungabikho kwesignali kusuka kunzwa, kanti eyesibili ibonisa ukweqa kwenani lesignali eshiwo, okungukuthi, ukweqa kwenani layo lemingcele evunyelwe umyalo.
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ECU ikhetha imodi yokusebenza ye-ICE engeyona elungile, njengoba ukwenza kwayo izinqumo kusekelwe olwazini oluyinkimbinkimbi oluvela kuzinzwa eziningana ze-ICE. Ngokusho kwezibalo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemali cishe amalitha amabili kaphethiloli ngamakhilomitha angu-100 (imoto ye-VAZ-2114). Ezimotweni ezinenjini enamandla kakhulu, inani le-overrun lizokhuphuka ngokufanele.
• Yehlisa noma "ntanta" isivinini sokungenzi lutho. Uma imoto ibhuleki kanzima, i-RPM nayo yehla kakhulu. Kwezinye izimoto (okungukuthi, kwezinye izinhlobo zomshini womshini we-Chevrolet), iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic ivala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ngokulandelana, ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo akunakwenzeka.
• Amandla nezici eziguqukayo zemoto ziyancipha. okungukuthi, imoto ishesha kabi, ayidonsi, ikakhulukazi lapho ilayishiwe nalapho ishayela ikhuphuka. Kuhlanganisa noma edonsa impahla.
• Imoto yasekhaya edumile i-VAZ Kalina esimweni lapho inzwa yejubane ingasebenzi, noma kunezinkinga ngezimpawu ezisuka kuyo ziye ku-ECU, iyunithi yokulawula iphoqelelwa. ikhubaza isiteringi samandla kagesi emotweni.
• Isistimu yokulawula i-cruise ayisebenzilapho ihlinzekwa khona. Iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi ivaliwe ngenkani ngenxa yokuphepha kwethrafikhi emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka.

Kuhle ukusho ukuthi izimpawu ezisohlwini zokuwohloka zingaba futhi izimpawu zezinkinga nezinye izinzwa noma ezinye izingxenye zemoto. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele kwemoto usebenzisa isithwebuli sokuxilonga. Kungenzeka ukuthi amanye amaphutha ahlotshaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zezimoto akhiqiziwe futhi agcinwa kumemori yeyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi.

Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwezinzwa

Ngokwayo, inzwa yejubane esekelwe kumphumela weHholo iyithuluzi elithembekile, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuhluleka. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka yilezi:

• Ukushisa ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile, ukudluliswa kwemoto (kokubili othomathikhi kanye nemishini, kodwa ngokuvamile i-othomathikhi) ifudumala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi akuyona nje indlu yezinzwa ezonakalisiwe, kodwa futhi nezindlela zayo zangaphakathi. Okungukuthi, i-microcircuit edayiswa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi (resistors, capacitors, njalonjalo). Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu, i-capacitor (okuyinto inzwa yamagnetic field) iqala ukuhamba kancane futhi ibe ngumqhubi wamanje kagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, inzwa yejubane izoyeka ukusebenza kahle, noma ihluleke ngokuphelele. Ukulungisa kuleli cala kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba, okokuqala, udinga ukuba nekhono elifanele, futhi okwesibili, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini futhi kuphi lapho ungathengisa khona, futhi akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola i-capacitor efanele.
• Xhumana ne-oxidation. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, ngokuvamile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-oxidation ingenzeka ngenxa yokuthi lapho kufakwa inzwa, amafutha okuvikela awazange asetshenziswe kothintana nabo, noma ngenxa yokulimala kokufakwayo, inani elibalulekile lomswakama elitholakala koxhumana nabo. Lapho kulungiswa, akudingekile kuphela ukuhlanza othintana nabo emithonjeni yokugqwala, kodwa futhi ukuwagcoba ngamafutha okuvikela esikhathini esizayo, futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama awungeni koxhumana nabo abahambisanayo esikhathini esizayo.
• Ukwephulwa kobuqotho bezintambo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile noma ukulimala komshini. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inzwa ngokwayo, ngenxa yokuthi izakhi zokudlulisela zifudumala kakhulu, futhi zisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-insulation ilahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwayo futhi ingamane idilike, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwemishini. Ngokufanayo, i-wiring ingalimala ezindaweni lapho izintambo ziphukile, noma ngenxa yokuphatha ngokunganaki. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekujikelezeni okufushane, kancane kancane kuba khona ikhefu eliphelele ku-wiring, isibonelo, ngenxa yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wemishini kanye / noma wokulungisa.
• Izinkinga ze-chip. Imvamisa, othintana nabo abaxhuma inzwa yesivinini kanye neyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi banekhwalithi embi ngenxa yezinkinga zokulungisa kwabo. okungukuthi, kulokhu kukhona okubizwa ngokuthi "chip", okungukuthi, i-plastic retainer eqinisekisa ukulingana kahle kwamacala futhi, ngokufanele, othintana nabo. Ngokuvamile, i-latch yomshini (ikhiye) isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa okuqinile.
• Ihola kwezinye izintambo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo nazo zingaholela ezinkingeni ekusebenzeni kwenzwa yesivinini. Isibonelo, uma izintambo zabanye ezitholakala kuthelawayeka eduze nezintambo zenzwa yesivinini zonakele. Isibonelo iToyota Camry. Kunezimo lapho ukufakwa kwe-insulation ezintanjeni konakaliswa ohlelweni lwezinzwa zalo zokupaka, okubangele ukuphazamiseka kwenkundla ye-electromagnetic ezintanjeni zenzwa yesivinini. Lokhu ngokwemvelo kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi idatha engalungile ithunyelwe kuyo iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi.
• Ukushefa kwensimbi kunzwa. Kulezo zinzwa zejubane lapho kusetshenziswa uzibuthe unomphela, ngezinye izikhathi isizathu sokusebenza kwayo okungalungile kungenxa yokuthi ama-metal chips anamathela entweni yawo ebucayi. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ulwazi mayelana nesivinini okuthiwa yi-zero yemoto sidluliselwa ku-electronic control unit. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kwekhompiyutha iyonke kanye nezinkinga ezichazwe ngenhla. ukuze uqede le nkinga, udinga ukuhlanza inzwa, futhi kuhle ukuyiqeda kuqala.
• Ingaphakathi lenzwa lingcolile. Uma indlu yezinzwa igoqeka (okungukuthi, indlu iboshwe ngamabhawodi amabili noma amathathu), khona-ke kukhona izimo lapho ukungcola (imfucumfucu emihle, uthuli) kungena ngaphakathi kwezindlu zezinzwa. Isibonelo esijwayelekile iToyota RAV4. Ukuze ulungise inkinga, udinga nje ukuqaqa indlu yezinzwa (kungcono ukugcoba ama-bolts nge-WD-40 kusengaphambili), bese ususa yonke imfucumfucu kusuka kunzwa. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukubuyisela umsebenzi wenzwa ebonakala sengathi "ifile".

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kwezinye izimoto i-speedometer kanye / noma i-odometer ingase ingasebenzi kahle noma ingasebenzi nhlobo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenzwa yesivinini, kodwa ngoba ideshibhodi ngokwayo ayisebenzi kahle. Imvamisa, ngasikhathi sinye, amanye amadivaysi atholakala kuwo nawo "buggy". Isibonelo, ama-speedometer e-elekthronikhi angase ayeke ukusebenza ngendlela efanele ngenxa yokuthi amanzi kanye / noma ukungcola kungene kumatheminali abo, noma kube nokuphuka kwezintambo zesignali (amandla). Ukuqeda ukuwohloka okuhambisanayo, ngokuvamile kwanele ukuhlanza othintana nabo kagesi be-speedometer.

Enye inketho ukuthi injini eshayela inaliti ye-speedometer ayisebenzi noma umcibisholo usethe ujule kakhulu, okubangela isimo lapho inaliti ye-speedometer imane ithinte iphaneli futhi, ngokufanele, ayikwazi ukuhambisa ebangeni layo elijwayelekile lokusebenza. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ayikwazi ukuhambisa umcibisholo onamathele futhi yenza imizamo ebalulekile, i-fuse ingase iqhume. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuhlola ubuqotho bayo nge-multimeter. ukuze wazi ukuthi iyiphi i-fuse enesibopho se-speedometer (imicibisholo ye-ICE), udinga ukuzijwayeza ngomdwebo wezintambo wemoto ethile.

Ungayibona kanjani inzwa yesivinini ephukile

Izinzwa zejubane ezivame kakhulu ezifakwe ezimotweni zesimanje zisebenza ngesisekelo somphumela weHholo ongokoqobo. Ngakho-ke, ungabheka lolu hlobo lwenzwa yesivinini ngezindlela ezintathu, zombili ngokuhlehliswa nangaphandle kwayo. Noma kunjalo, noma kunjalo, uzodinga i-multimeter ye-elekthronikhi engakala i-DC voltage ifike ku-12 volts.

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlola ubuqotho be-fuse lapho inzwa yesivinini inikwe amandla khona. Imoto ngayinye inomjikelezo wayo kagesi, nokho, emotweni eshiwo nge-VAZ-2114, inzwa yejubane ecacisiwe inikwa amandla ngefuse engu-7,5 Amp. I-fuse itholakala kwi-heater blower relay. Kuqoqo lezinsimbi kudeshibhodi engaphambili, ipulaki yokukhiphayo enekheli - "DS" kanye "nesilawuli se-DVSm" sinenombolo eyodwa - "9". Usebenzisa i-multimeter, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-fuse iphelele, futhi ukunikezwa kwamanje kudlula kuyo ngokuqondile inzwa. Uma i-fuse iphukile, kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe entsha.

Uma uqaqa inzwa emotweni, udinga ukuthola ukuthi inokuxhumana kwe-pulse (signal). Enye ye-multimeter probes ibekwe kuyo, kanti eyesibili ibekwe phansi. Uma inzwa iwukuthintana naye, udinga ukuzungezisa i-axis yayo. Uma kunguzibuthe, udinga ukuhambisa into yensimbi eduze nesici sayo esibucayi. Ukusheshisa ukunyakaza (ukujikeleza) kukhona, i-voltage eyengeziwe izoboniswa yi-multimeter, inqobo nje uma inzwa isebenza. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke inzwa yesivinini ayisebenzi.

Inqubo efanayo ingenziwa ngenzwa ngaphandle kokuyidiliza esihlalweni sayo. I-multimeter kuleli cala ixhunywe ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa-ke, isondo elilodwa langaphambili (imvamisa elingaphambili kwesokudla) kufanele liboshwe ukuze lenze uhlolo. Setha igiya elingathathi hlangothi futhi uphoqe isondo ukuthi lijikeleze ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubheka ukufundwa kwe-multimeter (akusizi ukwenza lokhu wedwa, ngokulandelana, umsizi uzodingeka ukwenza isheke kuleli cala). Uma i-multimeter ibonisa i-voltage eshintshayo lapho isondo lizungeza, khona-ke inzwa yejubane iyasebenza. Uma kungenjalo, inzwa inesici futhi idinga ukushintshwa.

Enqubweni enesondo elilenga ngaphandle, esikhundleni se-multimeter, ungasebenzisa ukukhanya kokulawula okungu-12-volt. Ixhunywe ngokufanayo ocingweni lwesignali naphansi. Uma ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwesondo ukukhanya kukhanya (ngisho nokuzama ukukhanyisa) - inzwa isesimweni sokusebenza. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele kushintshwe entsha.

Uma uhlobo lwemoto lubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware ekhethekile yokuxilonga inzwa (kanye nezinye izakhi zayo), khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa isoftware efanele.

Ukusebenza okuningiliziwe kwenzwa yejubane kungabhekwa kusetshenziswa i-electronic oscilloscope. Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukuhlola kuphela ubukhona besignali kuyo, kodwa futhi ubheke ukuma kwayo. I-oscilloscope ixhunywe ocingweni lwe-impulse ngamasondo emoto alenga ngaphandle (inzwa ayiqediwe, okungukuthi, ihlala esihlalweni sayo). khona-ke isondo liyazungeza futhi inzwa igadwa ku-dynamics.

Ihlola inzwa yesivinini esiwumshini

Izimoto eziningi ezindala (ikakhulukazi i-carbureted) zisebenzisa inzwa yesivinini esisebenza ngomshini. Ifakwe ngendlela efanayo, ku-gearbox shaft, futhi idlulisa isivinini se-angular sokujikeleza kwe-shaft okukhiphayo ngosizo lwekhebula elijikelezayo elishumekwe ku-casing yokuzivikela. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukuxilongwa kuyodingeka ukuqaqa ideshibhodi, futhi njengoba le nqubo izohluka ngemoto ngayinye, udinga ukucacisa lolu daba ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukuhlola inzwa nekhebula kwenziwa ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

• Hlukanisa ideshibhodi ukuze kube nokufinyelela ngaphakathi kwedeshibhodi. Kwezinye izimoto, kungenzeka ukuqaqa ideshibhodi hhayi ngokuphelele.
• Khipha inati lokulungisa kukhebula kusibonisi sesivinini, bese uqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi bese ushintsha amagiya ukuze ufinyelele kweyesine.
• Enkambweni yokuhlola, udinga ukunaka ukuthi ikhebula liyazungeza ku-casing yalo yokuzivikela noma cha.
• Uma ikhebula lijikeleza, khona-ke udinga ukuvala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, faka futhi uqinise ichopho lekhebula.
• bese uqala injini evuthayo yangaphakathi bese uvula igiya lesine.
• Uma kulokhu umcibisholo wedivayisi u-zero, lokhu kusho ukuthi inkomba yejubane ihlulekile, ngokulandelana, kufanele ithathelwe indawo entsha efanayo.

Uma, lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza ngegiya lesine, ikhebula alizuli ku-casing yalo yokuzivikela, kufanele uhlole ukunamathiselwe kwayo ku-gearbox. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

• Vala injini bese ukhipha intambo ku-drive etholakala ku-gearbox ohlangothini lomshayeli.
• Khipha ikhebula endaweni yenjini bese uhlola amathiphu, kanye nokuthi umumo wesikwele ophambanayo wekhebula wonakele yini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasonta ikhebula ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ubheke ukuthi liyaphotha noma cha ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele bajikeleze ngokuvumelanisa futhi ngaphandle komzamo, futhi imiphetho yamathiphu abo akufanele ikhothwe.
• Uma konke kuhlelekile, futhi ikhebula lijikeleza, khona-ke inkinga ilele egiyeni lokushayela, ngokulandelana, kufanele kuhlolwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, kuthathelwe indawo entsha. Indlela yokwenza lokhu kukhonjiswe encwadini yemoto ethile, ngoba inqubo ihluke ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto.

Ilungiswa kanjani inkinga

Ngemuva kokuthi kungenzeka ukucacisa ukuwohloka kwenzwa yesivinini, khona-ke izenzo ezengeziwe zincike ezicathulweni ezibangele lesi simo. Izinketho ezilandelayo zokuxazulula inkinga zingenzeka:

• Ukudiliza inzwa nokuyihlola nge-multimeter usebenzisa le ndlela engenhla. Uma inzwa inephutha, ngokuvamile ishintsha ibe entsha, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa. Abanye "izingcweti" bazama ukuthengisa izakhi ze-microcircuit ezindize ngesandla zisebenzisa i-soldering iron. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuphumeleli ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke kumnikazi wemoto ukuthi uyakwenza noma cha.
• Hlola abathintwayo bezinzwa. Esinye sezizathu ezidume kakhulu zokuthi kungani inzwa yesivinini ingasebenzi ukungcoliswa kanye / noma i-oxidation yabathintana nabo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuwabuyekeza, ukuwahlanza, futhi ukuwagcoba ngama-lubricant akhethekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala esikhathini esizayo.
• Hlola ubuqotho besekhethi yenzwa. Kalula nje, "ring" izintambo ezihambisanayo nge-multimeter. Kungaba nezinkinga ezimbili - isifunda esifushane kanye nekhefu eliphelele ezintambo. Esimweni sokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwe-insulation. Isifunda esifushane singaba kokubili phakathi kwamapheya ahlukene ezintambo, naphakathi kocingo olulodwa nomhlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi udlule kuzo zonke izinketho ngababili. Uma ucingo luphuka, ngeke kube khona othintana nalo nhlobo. Uma kwenzeka kube nomonakalo omncane ekufakweni, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-tape yokuvimbela ukushisa ukuze kuqedwe ukuwohloka. Kodwa-ke, kusengcono ukufaka esikhundleni socingo olonakele (noma yonke inqwaba), ngoba ngokuvamile izintambo zisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngakho-ke kunengozi enkulu yokulimala okuphindaphindiwe. Uma ucingo ludabuke ngokuphelele, khona-ke, kufanele kushintshwe olusha (noma lonke ihhanisi).

Ukulungisa izinzwa

Abanye abalungisi bezimoto abanamakhono okulungisa i-electronics bahlanganyela ekuzibuyiseleni kwenzwa yesivinini. okungukuthi, esimweni esichazwe ngenhla, lapho i-capacitor ithengiswa ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi iqala ukufushane futhi idlule okwamanje.

Inqubo enjalo ihlanganisa ukuhlakaza icala lenzwa yejubane ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwe-capacitor, futhi uma kunesidingo, uyishintshe. ngokuvamile, ama-microcircuits aqukethe ama-capacitor aseJapane noma aseShayina, angashintshwa ngokuphelele ngasekhaya. Into esemqoka ukukhetha imingcele efanelekile - indawo yoxhumana nabo, kanye nomthamo wayo. Uma indlu yezinzwa igoqa - konke kulula, udinga nje ukususa isembozo ukuze ufinyelele ku-condenser. Uma icala lingenakuhlukaniswa, udinga ukulisika ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye zangaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwezidingo ezibalwe ngenhla zokukhetha i-capacitor, udinga futhi ukunaka usayizi wayo, kusukela ngemuva kokudayiswa ebhodini, izindlu zezinzwa kufanele zivale futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ungakwazi ukunamathisela ikesi nge-glue ukumelana nokushisa.

Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabaphathi abenze lo msebenzi, ungagcina ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngale ndlela, ngoba inzwa entsha ibiza kakhulu.

isiphetho

Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesivinini akuyona inkinga, kodwa ayijabulisi. Ngempela, ukufundwa kwe-speedometer ne-odometer akuxhomekile ekusebenzeni kwayo okuvamile, kodwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyanda, futhi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayisebenzi ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu ezimoto ahlukene acishwa ngenkani, okungase kuthinte, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphepha kwethrafikhi, kokubili kumodi yasemadolobheni nasemgwaqweni onguthelawayeka. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhomba izinkinga ngenzwa yesivinini, kuhle ukuthi ungalibali ukuqedwa kwazo.