ukuhluleka kwe-shock absorber: izimpawu nokuthi yini ethinta

ukwephulwa kwe-shock absorber kuthinte kakhulu ukuziphatha kwemoto emgwaqeni. okungukuthi, umzimba wemoto "uyatshuza" ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nokubhuleka, ibanga lokubhuleka liyakhula, igingqika kakhulu ngesikhathi ishayela futhi inyakaza lapho ushayela phezu kwama-bumps.

Kunezimpawu ezisobala nezicashile zokumunca ukushaqeka okungalungile. Okusobala kufaka phakathi ukubonakala kokuvuza kwamafutha (ukugqokwa kwebhokisi lokugxusha kanye / noma induku), kodwa okuningi kusafihliwe, isibonelo, ukuguga kwamafutha, ukuguqulwa kwamapuleti we-valve mechanism, ukugqokwa kwe-piston seal kanye nezindonga zangaphakathi ze-valve. isilinda esisebenzayo. ukuze ugweme imiphumela engathandeki, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuwohloka kwe-shock absorbers ngesikhathi.

Izimpawu ze-shock absorbers ephukile

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpawu zokuthi i-shock absorber yehluleke ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. Uhlobo lokuqala lubonwa. okungukuthi, zingabonakala ngokuhlola okubonakalayo kwe-shock absorber. Uhlobo lwesibili lwezimpawu kufanele lubandakanye izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwemoto ekuhambeni. Ake siqale sibhale izimpawu ezihlobene nohlobo lwesibili, ngoba okokuqala udinga ukunaka ukuthi ukuziphatha kwemoto kuye kwashintsha kanjani, okungukuthi:

• Ukushwiba ngesikhathi sokubhuleka nokusheshisa. Uma ama-absorber shock esesimweni esihle, khona-ke ngisho nange-braking engazelelwe, imoto akufanele iphinde ibuyele emuva, emva kwalokho i-shock absorber kufanele inciphise ukunyakaza kwe-oscillatory. Uma kukhona ukuguquka okubili noma ngaphezulu - uphawu lokwehluleka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.
• Roll uma uhamba. Lapha isimo siyefana, ngemva kokuphuma emgqeni obukhali lapho ungena ejikeni, umzimba akufanele ujike endizeni ephambanayo. Uma kunjalo, i-shock absorber yehlulekile.
• Ukwandiswa kwebanga lokumisa. Lesi sici sibangelwa ukwakheka okufanayo ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. Okusho ukuthi, ngesikhathi sokubhuleka isikhathi eside, i-shock absorber ayidambisi ukudlidliza, futhi imoto yehlisa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi iphakamisa ingaphambili lomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthwalo emasondweni angaphambili uyancipha, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki. Ikakhulukazi ibanga lokubhuleka liyakhula ezimotweni ezihlome amabhuleki avimbela ukukhiya. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye yangemuva iyakhuphuka, futhi i-ABS yehlisa ingcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki. ibanga lokubhuleka nalo liyakhula uma ubhuleka emigwaqweni emibi.
• imoto ayiwubambi umgwaqo. okungukuthi, lapho isondo lokuqondisa libekwe endaweni eqondile, imoto ihlale iholela eceleni. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli kufanele ahlale etekisini ukuze aqondise umzila wokunyakaza.
• Ukungakhululeki lapho ushayela. Ingaziveza ngezindlela ezahlukene. okungukuthi, ngenxa yokunyakazisa imoto, abanye abashayeli kanye/noma abagibeli bazizwa bengakhululekile lapho beshayela ibanga elide, behlushwa “ukugula olwandle” (igama elisemthethweni elithi kinetosis noma isifo sokunyakaza) abantu bangathola ukugula kokunyakaza. Lo mphumela uwuphawu olujwayelekile lwe-absorber ephukile yangemuva.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izimpawu ezifana nokunyuka kwebanga lokuma, ukungalingani kwamasondo kanye nesidingo esiqhubekayo sokuyiqondisa zingabonisa ezinye izinkinga emotweni, njengamabhuleki agugile, uketshezi oluncane lwamabhuleki, umfutho wesondo ongalingani, izinkinga ngejoyinti lebhola noma ezinye izakhi. . Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokugqokwa kwe-shock absorber zifaka:

• Ukubonakala kwemivimbo emzimbeni nasesiqu. okungukuthi, lokhu kungenxa yokugqokwa kwebhokisi lokugxusha (uphawu) kanye / noma induku yokudonsa ukushaqeka. Ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela kuholela ekwehleni kwe-amplitude yokusebenza kwedivayisi, kanye nokwenyuka kokugqoka kwezingxenye ezifakiwe ekwakhiweni kwayo.
• Ukugqokwa kwamabhulokhi athule. Njengoba wazi, kule hinge ye-rubber-metal, ukuhamba kuqinisekiswa ukunwebeka kwerabha (noma i-polyurethane, kuye ngokuthi umklamo). Ngokwemvelo, uma i-shock absorber isebenza kanzima, khona-ke imizamo eyengeziwe izodluliselwa ku-block ethule, okuzoholela ekugqokeni kwayo okunzima nokuhluleka. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlola ama-absorbers, kufanelekile ukuhlola isimo samabhulokhi athule.
• Ukulimala kwezindlu zokudonsa ukushaqeka kanye / noma izinsimbi zayo. Lokhu kungavezwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ukubonakala kokugqwala entweni (ukuma, ukusekela), ukugoba komzimba, ukulimala kwamabholithi akhuphukayo, njalonjalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, i-shock absorber kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela.
• Ukungalingani kwamasondo. Ngokuvamile zigqoka kakhulu ngaphakathi futhi zincane ngaphandle.

Okusho ukuthi, uma kukhona ukuwohloka kwama-absorbers, bese ulinda ukwehluleka kwezinye izakhi zokumisa, ngoba zonke zixhumene futhi zingathonywa omunye nomunye.

Yini edala ukwehluleka kwe-shock absorber

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-absorber agqokile akukwazi nje ukubangela ukungakhululeki lapho ushayela, kodwa futhi kubangele ingozi yangempela lapho ushayela imoto. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ezingenzeka ezihlobene nokuqhekeka kwe-absorber shock:

• Kwehlisiwe ukubamba komgwaqo. okungukuthi, lapho imoto inyakaza, i-clutch izoba nenani eliguquguqukayo.
• Ukwenyuka kwebanga lokuma, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezine-anti-lock braking system (ABS).
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwezinye izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zemoto kungenzeka, njenge-ABS, ESP (uhlelo lokushintshanisa izinga lokuzinza) nabanye.
• Ukuwohloka kokulawulwa kwemoto, ikakhulukazi uma ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu.
• Ukubonakala kwe "hydroplaning" lapho ushayela emigwaqweni emanzi ngesivinini esiphansi.
• uma ushayela ebusuku, ukunyakaza njalo kwengaphambili lemoto kungabangela amalambu avale amehlo abashayeli abazayo.
• Ukungakhululeki lapho uhamba. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela amabanga amade. Kumshayeli, lokhu kusongela ngokukhathala okwandayo, futhi kubantu abajwayele "ukugula olwandle", kuyingozi ngokugula okunyakazayo.
• Ukwenyuka kwamathayi, izihlahla zenjoloba, amabhulokhi angathuli, amabhampa neziphethu. nezinye izingxenye zokumiswa kwemoto.

Izimbangela zokuhluleka kwe-shock absorber

Izimbangela zokwehluleka ngokuvamile ziyizimbangela zemvelo, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuguga koketshezi olumunca ukushaqeka (amafutha). Njengamanye ama-fluid obuchwepheshe emotweni, amafutha akwi-shock absorber kancane kancane athola umswakama futhi alahlekelwe izici zawo zokusebenza. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-shock absorber iqala ukusebenza kanzima kunangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukuguga koketshezi akwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa, ngaphandle kokugqashuka kophawu emzimbeni obamba ukushaqeka.
• Uphawu oluphukile. okungukuthi, ukuvalwa kwepiston nezindonga zangaphakathi zesilinda esisebenzayo. I-oil seal ingaphuka ngenxa yezici zangaphandle noma nje inqubo yokuguga. Njenganoma iyiphi i-rubber seal, iyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi iqale ukuvuza uketshezi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvuza kwamafutha ku-absorber shock, kanye nomswakama ovela ngaphandle ongena emafutheni, okuholela ekuwohlokeni ekusebenzeni kwawo.
• Ukuguqulwa kwamapuleti e-valve. Le nqubo nayo ingokwemvelo futhi yenzeka ngokuqhubekayo, nakuba ngesivinini esihlukile. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuguqulwa lincike ezintweni ezimbili eziyisisekelo - ikhwalithi ye-shock absorber (ikhwalithi yensimbi yamapuleti) kanye nezimo zokusebenza zemoto (ngokwemvelo, ukuthuthumela okuphawulekayo kuholela ekuguqulweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
• Ukuvuza kwegesi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kuma-shock absorbers agcwele igesi. Ingqikithi lapha iyafana neyemishini egcwele uwoyela. Igesi lapha yenza umsebenzi wokunciphisa, futhi uma ingekho, khona-ke i-shock absorber ngeke isebenze noma.
• Ukuhluleka kwamabhulokhi athule. Ziyaguga ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, zilahlekelwa ukunwebeka nokusebenza kwazo. Lezi zingxenye cishe azikho ngaphansi kokulungiswa, ngakho-ke, uma zihluleka, zidinga ukushintshwa (uma kungenzeka, noma ama-absorber shock kufanele ashintshwe ngokuphelele).

Unganquma kanjani ukuwohloka kwe-shock absorbers

Abanikazi bezimoto bakhathazekile ngombuzo wokuthi bangabheka kanjani i-oil noma i-gas-oil shock absorber ngesizathu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadivaysi esimanje abamba ukushaqeka avame ukuba nomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kunamamodeli amadala, okwenza izindlela zokuxilonga zibe nzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokufanelekile, udinga ukuwahlola enkonzweni yemoto endaweni ekhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kunenqwaba yezindlela "zegaraji" zokuqinisekisa.

ukushwibeka komzimba

Indlela elula, "eyakudala" ukunyakazisa umzimba wemoto. okungukuthi, ukushwiba ingxenye yayo engaphambili noma engemuva, noma izinqamuleli zokushaqeka ngokuhlukana. Udinga ukushwiba ngokuqinile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ungagobi izakhi zomzimba (ngokuzijwayeza, izimo ezinjalo zenzeka!). Ngokombono, udinga ukufeza ubukhulu bokuphakama okungaba khona, bese ukhulula umzimba futhi ubheke ukudlidliza kwawo okwengeziwe.

Uma i-absorber shock isebenza, khona-ke umzimba uzokwenza i-swing eyodwa (noma eyodwa nengxenye), emva kwalokho izothula futhi ihlale endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-shock absorber ine-breakdown, khona-ke umzimba uzokhiqiza ukudlidliza okubili noma ngaphezulu. Kulokhu, kufanele kushintshwe.

Yiqiniso, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlela yokwakha ifaneleka izimoto ezinesistimu yokumiswa elula, isibonelo, i-VAZ- "classic" (amamodeli avela ku-VAZ-2101 kuya ku-VAZ-2107). Izimoto zesimanje zivame ukusebenzisa ukumiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi (okuvame ukuhlanganisa ama-multi-link), ngakho-ke kuzodambisa ukudlidliza okuwumphumela ngisho nangama-absorber angalungile. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lokwakhiwa komzimba, ngokubanzi, kungenzeka ukunquma izimo ezimbili zemingcele - i-damper ayisebenzi ngokuphelele, noma i-wedges ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Akulula ukuhlonza izimo “ezimaphakathi” ze-shock absorber ngosizo lokwakheka.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo

Lapho uxilonga i-shock absorber eyinkinga, kubalulekile ukuyihlola ngeso lengqondo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukushayela imoto emgodini wokubuka noma ukuyiphakamisa ekuphakameni. Ungakwazi, vele, ukudiliza i-absorber shock, kodwa lokhu kungathatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kubalulekile ukuthi kubhekwe ama-smudges kawoyela endaweni ebamba ukushaqeka. Ungasula iminonjana yamafutha nge-rag futhi uyishiye kanjalo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ukuhlolwa kufanele kuphindwe.

Uma imoto iphakanyiswe ekuphakameni, kuhle ukuhlola isimo sezintambo zokudonsa ukushaqeka. Akufanele zingabi nokugqwala nokulimala. Uma kunjalo, idivayisi okungenani inephutha futhi kudingeka kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe.

Lapho uhlola, qiniseka ukuthi unaka uhlobo lokugqoka amathayi. Ngokuvamile, lapho ama-absorbers ephukile ephukile, aguga ngokungalingani, ngokuvamile, ukugqoka okuyisisekelo kuya ngaphakathi kwesondo. kungase futhi kube namabala empandla angawodwa erabha. Kodwa-ke, ukugqokwa kokunyathela kungaphinda kubonise okunye ukwehluleka ezintweni ezimisiwe, ngakho-ke ukuxilonga okwengeziwe kuyadingeka lapha.

Uma ukuwohloka kwe-absorber shock yangaphambili (i-strut) ihlolwe, kuyadingeka ukuhlola imithombo kanye nezisekelo eziphezulu. Iziphethu ezimanzisa amanzi kumele zibe ziqinile, zingabi nemifantu kanye nokulimala kwemishini.

Ngokuvamile, ngisho ne-shock absorber enesici kancane ingase ingabi nayo iminonjana ebonakalayo yokuphuka. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele, okungcono kakhulu enkonzweni yemoto.

Ukuhlola ukulawula imoto

Uma i-absorber / shock absorbers inephutha, khona-ke ngenkathi ushayela, umshayeli uzoba nomuzwa wokuthi imoto "ihamba" emgwaqeni, okungukuthi, kuzodingeka uqondise njalo ukuze uyigcine isesimweni. Lapho ijubane futhi ibhuleka, imoto izonyakaza. Isimo esifanayo simayelana nokutsheka okungemuva komzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukusheshisa isivinini esibalulekile, imodi yesivinini yedolobha ifaneleka kakhulu ukuhlola. okungukuthi, ngesivinini se-50 ... 60 km / h, ungenza ukusheshisa okubukhali, ukubopha, inyoka.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma i-absorber shock cishe "ifile", khona-ke ukungena ekuphendukeni okubukhali ngesivinini esikhulu kuyingozi, njengoba kugcwele i-rollover eceleni kwayo! Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezinenjini enamandla yangaphakathi evuthayo.

Isikhathi sokushintsha i-shock absorber

udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-shock absorber, kanye nezimo zokusebenza zemoto, ukugqoka kwalolu phiko kwenzeka njalo. Ngesivinini esikhulu noma esingaphansi, kodwa njalo! Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sabo njalo. Iningi labakhiqizi bokushaqeka bentengo emaphakathi bayancoma enze isheke njalo 20 ... 30 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Ngokuqondene nokushintshwa, i-shock absorber ngokuvamile ibaluleke kakhulu iguga ngemva kwe-80 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Kulesi sigaba, udinga ukuyihlola ngokucophelela futhi, uma kunesidingo, uyibuyisele esikhundleni.

Futhi ukuze ama-absorber shock asebenze isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, qondiswa yizincomo ezilandelayo:

• Ungalayishi kakhulu umshini. Imanuwali yanoma iyiphi imoto ikhombisa ngqo umthamo wayo omkhulu wokulayisha. Ungalayishi imoto ngokweqile, ngoba iyingozi ezingxenyeni zayo ezihlukahlukene - kufaka phakathi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kanye nezakhi zokumisa, okungukuthi, ama-shock absorbers.
• Mayefika emsebenzini. lapho ushayela imoto ngenkathi ebandayo (ikakhulukazi eqhweni elinzima), zama ukushayela i-500 yokuqala ... amamitha angu-1000 ngesivinini esiphansi futhi ugweme ama-bumps. Lokhu kuzofudumeza futhi kusakaze amafutha.

ngakho-ke, uma kunezinkinga nge-shock absorbers, kungcono ukuthi ungayiqinisi, bese ushintsha ama-node enkinga ngezintsha. Ngokuqondene nokuthenga, kungcono ukuthenga ama-absorbers anelayisensi evela "kubaphathi". Noma khetha izimpahla ezitolo ezithembekile, ngokusekelwe ekubuyekezweni kwabashayeli bezimoto.