Idonsa ngamasondo amane ukusuka kwa-Audi - Quattro

I-Quattro iyisistimu yokushayela wonke amasondo esetshenziswa ezimotweni zakwa-Audi. Umklamo wenziwa ngesakhiwo sakudala, esibolekwe kuma-SUV - injini nebhokisi legiya kutholakala ngobude. Isistimu ehlakaniphile iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuguquguqukayo kuye ngezimo zomgwaqo nokubamba kwamasondo. Izimoto zinokuphathwa okuhle kakhulu nokubamba kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomgwaqo.

I-Quattro yaba khona kanjani

Ngokokuqala ngqa, imoto enomklamo ofanayo wodonsa wonke wethulwa eGeneva Motor Show ngo-1980. I-prototype kwakuyi-jeep yebutho leVolkswagen Iltis. Ukuhlolwa phakathi nokuthuthuka kwayo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 kwabonisa ukuphatha okuhle nokuziphatha okubikezelwayo emigwaqweni eshelelayo eneqhwa. Umqondo wokwethula umqondo we-jeep edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ekwakhiweni kwemoto ubususelwe kwi-Audi 80 series coupe.

Ukunqoba okungaguquguquki kwe-Audi Quattro yokuqala emjahweni we-rally kuqinisekise ukunemba komqondo odonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Ngokuphambene nokungabaza kwabagxeki, impikiswano yabo eyinhloko ubungako bokudlulisa, izixazululo zobunjiniyela ezihlakaniphile zaphendula lokhu kubi kwaba inzuzo.

I-Audi Quattro entsha inozinzo oluhle kakhulu. Ngakho, ngenxa yesakhiwo sokudlulisa, cishe ukusabalalisa isisindo esiphelele eduze kwama-axles kungenzeka. I-Audi edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo yango-1980 yaba yinganekwane ye-rally kanye ne-coupe ekhethekile yokukhiqiza.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Quattro all-wheel drive system

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Isistimu ye-quattro yesizukulwane sokuqala yayifakwe umehluko ophakathi nendawo kanye ne-cross-axle nethuba lokukhiya ngempoqo ngedrayivu yemishini. Ngo-1981, uhlelo lwashintshwa, i-interlocks yaqala ukusebenza nge-pneumatics.

Amamodeli: Quattro, 80, Quattro Cupe, 100.

Isizukulwane sesibili

Ngo-1987, indawo ye-axle yesikhungo samahhala yathathwa ukuhluka okulinganiselwe kwe-slip ye-Thorsen Type 1. Imodeli yahlukaniswa nokuhlelwa okuphambene kwamagiya we-satellite maqondana ne-drive shaft. Ukulethwa kwe-torque kwahluka ngo-50/50 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, futhi lapho ushelela, amandla afinyelela ku-80% adluliselwa ku-axle nge-traction ehamba phambili. Umahluko wangemuva ufakwe umsebenzi wokuvula ozishintshayo ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-25 km/h.

Amamodeli: 100, Quattro, 80/90 quattro NG, S2, RS2 Avant, S4, A6, S6.

Isizukulwane sesithathu

Ngo-1988, kwethulwa i-electronic differential lock. I-torque yasatshalaliswa phakathi kwama-axles kucatshangelwa amandla okunamathela kwawo emgwaqeni. Ukulawula kwenziwa uhlelo lwe-EDS, olwanciphisa isondo lokudonsa. Ama-elekthronikhi axhume ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhiya kwe-clutch enamapuleti amaningi enkabeni kanye nomehluko wangaphambili wamahhala. Umehluko wokushelela okulinganiselwe we-Torsen uyiswe ku-asi yangemuva.

IV isizukulwane

1995 - kwafakwa uhlelo lokukhiya nge-elekthronikhi lokwehluka kohlobo lwamahhala lwangaphambili nangemuva. Umehluko omaphakathi - Uhlobo 1 lwe-Torsen noma Uhlobo 2. Imodi evamile yokusabalalisa i-torque ingu-50/50 enekhono lokudlulisa amandla afika ku-75% ku-axle eyodwa.

Amamodeli: A4, S4, RS4, A6, S6, RS6, allroad, A8, S8.

V isizukulwane

Ngo-2006, kwethulwa umehluko wesikhungo se-Torsen Type3 asymmetric. Isici esihlukile ezizukulwaneni ezedlule ukuthi amasathelayithi atholakala ngokuhambisana ne-drive shaft. Ukwehluka kwesikhungo kumahhala, nokukhiya ngogesi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile kwenzeka ngengxenye ye-40/60. Uma ushelela, amandla akhuphuka afike ku-70% ngaphambili nangemuva ngo-80%. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesistimu ye-ESP, sekwenzeke ukudlulisa kufika ku-100% we-torque ku-axle.

Amamodeli: S4, RS4, Q7.

Isizukulwane se-VI

Ngo-2010, izakhi zomklamo we-All-wheel drive entsha ye-Audi RS5 zenze izinguquko ezinkulu. Umehluko wesikhungo ozithuthukisile wafakwa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisana kwegiya eliyisicaba. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Torsen, iyisixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokusabalalisa i-torque ezinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokushayela.

Ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile, isilinganiso samandla sama-asi angaphambili nangemuva ngu-40:60. Uma kudingekile, umehluko udlulisela amandla afika ku-75% ku-axle yangaphambili futhi afinyelele ku-85% kwi-ekseli yangemuva. Kulula ukuhlanganisa kuma-electronics okulawula. Njengomphumela wokusetshenziswa komehluko omusha, izici eziguquguqukayo zemoto zishintsha ngokuguquguqukayo kuye nganoma yiziphi izimo: amandla okunamathela amathayi emgwaqeni, uhlobo lokunyakaza kanye nesitayela sokushayela.

Idizayini yesistimu yesimanje

Ukudluliswa kwesimanje kweQuattro kunezici eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:

• Ukudluliswa.
• Dlulisa ikesi kanye nokwahlukanisa phakathi kwendlu eyodwa.
• Igiya eliyinhloko, elakhelwe ngokuhlelekile endaweni engemuva ehlukile.
• Iyunithi ye-cardan edlulisela i-torque ukusuka kumehluko omaphakathi ukuya kuma-ekseli ashayelwayo.
• Umehluko omaphakathi osabalalisa amandla phakathi kwama-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva.
• Uhlobo lwamahhala lumahluko wangaphambili nokukhiya ngogesi.
• Umahluko wamasondo angemuva anokukhiya ngogesi.

Uhlelo lwe-Quattro lubonakala ngokukhula kokuthembeka nokuqina kwezakhi. Leli qiniso liqinisekiswa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokukhiqiza kanye nezimoto ze-rally ezivela kwa-Audi. Ukwehluleka okwenzekile ngokuvamile kube umphumela wokungafaneleki noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile.

Incazelo yomsebenzi we-Quattro

Ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-Quattro kusekelwe ekusabalaliseni okuhle kakhulu kwamandla ngesikhathi sokushibilika kwamasondo. I-electronics ifunda ukufundwa kwezinzwa zesistimu ye-anti-lock braking futhi iqhathanise isivinini esingama-angular awo wonke amasondo. Uma elinye lamasondo lidlula umkhawulo obalulekile, liyabhuleka. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukukhiya okuhlukile kuyasebenza, futhi i-torque isakazwa ngesilinganiso esifanele sesondo ngokubambelela okuhle kakhulu.

I-elekthronikhi isabalalisa amandla ngokuya nge-algorithm efakazelwe. I-algorithm yokusebenza, eyakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlolwa okungenakubalwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kwezimoto ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokushayela kanye nezindawo zomgwaqo, iqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu okusebenzayo. Lokhu kwenza ukushayela kubikezelwe ezimeni ezinzima.

Ukusebenza kahle kwezingidi nohlelo lokulawula ngogesi olusetshenziswayo kuvumela izimoto zakwa-Audi ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ukuthi zihambe ngaphandle kokushelela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomgwaqo. Lesi sakhiwo sihlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu namandla okushayela ngaphandle komgwaqo.

Плюсы

• Ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kanye namandla.
• Ukubamba okuhle nokuhamba kahle.
• Ukuthembeka okuphezulu.

Минусы

• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
• Izidingo eziqinile zemithetho nezimo zokusebenza.
• Izindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa lapho isici sihluleka.

I-Quattro iwuhlelo lokugcina oluhlakaniphe kakhulu lokushayela wonke amasondo, olufakazelwa yisikhathi nezimo ezinzima kakhulu zomjaho wama-rally. Intuthuko yakamuva kanye nezixazululo ezingcono kakhulu ezithuthukile bezikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke amashumi eminyaka. Izici ezinhle zokushayela zezimoto ze-Audi ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo zikufakazele lokhu ngokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30.