Wonke amasondo noma wonke amasondo | ubani onendaba?

4WD, AWD, part time noma full time. Zonke zihlukile futhi zonke zilungele izimo zokushayela ezihlukene.

Ngakho-ke yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AWD ne-4WD? Kalula nje, zombili izinhlelo ze-AWD ne-4WD zishayela wonke amasondo amane, yingakho amagama awo, kodwa izinto ziba nzima kakhulu ukusuka lapho. 

Nokho, i-Subaru inencazelo enhle kakhulu: “I-All-wheel drive isiphenduke incazelo eyamukelekayo yemoto ehlala ishayela wonke amasondo. I-4WD ivame ukucatshangwa njengemoto noma, ngokuvamile, iSUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) enkudlwana esebenzisa isistimu ekhethwa umshayeli ehilela wonke amasondo ngokuzenzakalelayo.”

Emhlabeni wangempela izinto azilula kangako, kodwa njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ama-XNUMXxXNUMX alula futhi aphansi (cabanga ukuthi i-Subaru Forester et al) kunama-XNUMXxXNUMX futhi afaneleka kakhulu ukushayela ngokushesha emigwaqweni nasemigwaqweni ewubhuqu kunokushayela kancane ungekho emgwaqeni. abanayo imvume yesisekelo. kanye nokuhanjiswa okuklanyelwe ukusebenza ezimeni ezingekho emgwaqeni.

Izimoto ezinamasistimu ahlala edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo zaklanywa futhi zenzelwe ukushayela nsuku zonke ku-asphalt "ngokungcola ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukusetshenziswa okulula ngaphandle komgwaqo," kusho i-Subaru.

Izimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo (ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-4x4s) zingolunye uhlangothi lwalolo hlamvu lwemali lwezimoto: zivamise ukuba zinkulu, zibe nzima, zithembeke kakhulu futhi zikufanelekele kangcono ukushayela kanzima ebangeni elifushane*. (Ungakhathazeki: sizochaza ukuthi yini kamuva kule ntambo.)

Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-AWD ne-AWD awukho nje kuphela ekufananeni okusobala kwezinhlelo ezimbili, kodwa futhi ujule enkingeni eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlelo ngokwazo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela ezakhelwe zona.

Kodwa iyiphi iyunithi engcono ekubhekaneni ne-all-wheel drive kanye nezimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo? Yikuphi kulokhu okubili okungcono endleleni, ngaphandle komgwaqo, futhi yikuphi okungcono emndenini wakho? Qhubeka ufunde futhi uthole.

I-4WD yesikhashana ichaziwe

Ezimotweni eziningi ze-4WD ezingekho emgwaqeni, amandla asuka enjinini athunyelwa ngokuzenzakalela emasondweni angemuva ngekesi lokudlulisa. Ikesi lokudlulisa liqukethe amagiya amabili angaxhunywa ngeketango. Unqamula iketango lokushayela ngamasondo amabili - ngemuva kuphela - futhi lisebenza ngemodi engu-XNUMXWD; lokhu kukhiya isivinini se-axle yangaphambili ukuya kwijubane le-asi elingemuva.

Idonsa ngamasondo amane isebenza ngo-2WD emgwaqeni, ezindaweni ezidonsayo ngoba awuwadingi omane ukuze ukwazi ukudonsa kahle njengoba ubungenza emigwaqeni engemuva eyibhuqu noma ezindleleni.

Kumasistimu esikhashana e-4WD, kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi yi-4x4 noma amasistimu e-4WD afunwayo, ukusebenzelana necala lokudlulisa kunikeza ukushayela okuphezulu kuzimo ezihamba kancane zangaphandle komgwaqo. Kodwa-ke, amasondo asazoshibilika futhi azinwaye ngenxa yendawo exegayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukusonteka kwesondo kuzozixazulula ngokwawo ngokuphotha ukuze kunciphise ukungezwani.

Kodwa-ke, emgwaqeni, amasondo kufanele ajikeleze ngokuzimela ukuze afinyelele ekhoneni. Uma ukuzungezisa kwesondo ngalinye kunqunyelwe uhlelo lwe-4WD, lapho ijika amakhona, amathayi azoshibilika noma azungeze emzamweni wokugcina isivinini sokujikeleza njalo. 

Uma usunesikhathi eside usebenzisa i-4WD emgwaqeni, ucela umbango: izonyusa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, idale ukuguga okungadingekile emotweni yakho, futhi okubi nakakhulu, idale umonakalo omkhulu kuyo ngenxa yokuvunguza kwama-transmission ( eyaziwa nangokuthi i-transmission tie-up).

Lesi isimo lapho i-powertrain ye-SUV yakho ingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ngenxa yamandla etorque eqisayo ephoqa imoto yakho, ikhiywe ngemodi engu-4WD, emakhoneni nasekujikeni kuyilapho wonke amasondo amane esazungeza kuleso sivinini esingaguquki. .

Uma amathayi engakwazi ukushibilika ukuze akhulule amandla apentiwe, lokhu "twist" kugcizelela amahabhu amasondo kanye nokudluliselwa komkhawulo, okungabiza okungenani kakhulu ukukhanda futhi, okubi kakhulu, kube yingozi kakhulu. . 

Isikhathi Esigcwele I-4WD Iyachazwa

I-Permanent 4WD ihlezi ishayela wonke amasondo amane. Ukuze uzungeze inkinga ye-kink yokudlulisela okukhulunywe ngenhla, isistimu isebenzisa umehluko wesikhungo (noma ukuhluka nje) ohlinzeka ngesivinini esihlukile se-axle ngayinye.

Nakuba ikesi lokudlulisa lihlale lisebenza ukuze lishayele amasondo angaphambili nangemuva, umehluko uvumela isivinini esihlukile sokuzungeza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emgwaqeni, i-XNUMXWD system ngeke izame ukugcina isondo ngalinye lihamba ngesivinini esinqunyiwe, kugwemeke ukuthi i-drivetrain iphele.

Ezinhlelweni zesitoko, umehluko ungakhiywa, okubangele ukuthi amasondo ajikeleze ngesivinini esifanayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela anikeze amandla okubamba amatshe angaphandle komgwaqo afanayo njengozakwabo besikhashana. 

Ilokhi ehlukile, ingemuva noma isikhungo, kanye nokusebenzisana kwebanga eliphansi* kusetshenziswa lapho ukushayela ungekho emgwaqeni kuba nzima kakhulu futhi udinga ukudonsa kwamasondo okuhamba kahle kanye ne-torque enkulu ekudluliseni. (*Sithembisa okwengeziwe ngalokhu ngezansi.)

Ibanga eliphansi le-4WD liyachazwa

IToyota LandCruiser 70 Series iyisibonelo semoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo.

Izimoto zesikhathi esigcwele ze-XNUMXWD zesikhathi esigcwele zivame ukuba nekesi lokudlulisa elikabili, futhi lokhu kukunikeza inkululeko eyengeziwe uma kuziwa ekutheni ungahamba ibanga elingakanani kuthrekhi eshayiwe.

Okokuqala, uhla oluphezulu: kumodi ye-2H (ukushayela ngamasondo amabili, uhla oluphezulu), amasondo amabili, ngokuvamile amasondo angemuva, ashayela imoto. Usebenzisa i-2H kuthrafikhi yomgwaqo evamile.

Kwimodi engu-4H (4WD, High Range), wonke amasondo amane ashayela imoto. Usebenzisa i-XNUMXH ezindaweni ezingase zidinge ukubamba okwengeziwe kunebitume; cabanga isihlabathi esiqinile, imigwaqo ewubhuqu, izindlela zamatshe nokunye okunjalo.

Okulandelayo, ibanga eliphansi: Kumodi engu-4L (XNUMXWD, low range), wonke amasondo amane ashayela imoto futhi kusetshenziswa isilinganiso segiya eliphansi. Amasondo emoto yakho azojikeleza kancane kakhulu kunakwi-RPM ephezulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa isivinini esinensayo kanye netorque engaphezulu. 

Usebenzisa i-4L ukwenza isihlabathi esithambile, izindunduma zesihlabathi, imimango nemithambeka, udaka olujulile noma iqhwa, nokukhasa kancane kwamadwala.

Bekudingeka ushintshele ebangeni eliphezulu noma eliphansi usebenzisa iswishi encane (iknobhu emfushane) eduze kwemanuwali yakho eyinhloko noma isishintshi esizenzakalelayo, futhi abanye bethu "Ezinkathini Zakudala" kwakudingeka baphume kuma-4WD ethu futhi empeleni sikhiye amahabhu wokukhiya ngesandla emasondweni angaphambili omsebenzi ongekho emgwaqeni; bese uwavula lapho ubuyela emuva ku-2H. Akusenjalo; manje ungashintshela kububanzi obuphezulu noma obuphansi usebenzisa ukudayela noma iknobhu kukhabhini.

Ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje eziyi-4WD, ungasuka ku-2H uye ku-4H ngaphandle kokuma, kodwa ukusuka ku-4H ukuya ku-XNUMXL kudinga ukuma okugcwele.

Kuchazelwe amasondo amane

Idrayivu yamasondo yonke yakwaSubaru ehlala unomphela iyakwazi ukudlulisa amaphesenti angama-70 etorque kuyi-asi yangemuva.

Izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane azisebenzisi i-transfer case; basebenzisa isistimu yokushayela enomshini—umehluko wokushelela okulinganiselwe noma i-clutch elawulwa ngogesi—eqondisa i-torque lapho idingeka khona kakhulu ukuze idonse kahle, kuyilapho isavumela umehluko wokuzungezisa phakathi kwama-asi angaphambili nangemuva.

“Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-AWD, injini ishayela u-gearbox wangaphambili, oqala ngokushayela i-axle yangaphambili ngokuhluka okungaphambili,” kuchaza i-subaru Australia tech guru uBen Grover.

“Ukuzungeza kwe-asi yangaphambili, yona ishayela umphini ophakathi lapho i-asi yangemuva izungeza khona.

“Lokhu kusho ukuthi itorque eningi ithunyelwa e-asili yangaphambili, kuthi i-driveshaft engemuva ifinyelele ku-40%.

"Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo lwe-Subaru lushayela ngokuyinhloko umehluko wesikhungo, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lungathumela amaphesenti angu-70 we-torque ku-axle yangemuva."

Uhlelo oluhlala lukhona lwe-4WD luzohlinzeka ngokudonsa okungaphezulu kunesistimu ye-XNUMXWD ekhethwa umshayeli "esimeni esingalindelekile lapho ikhona lishelela kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe, noma lapho ukudonsa ngokushesha kuyadingeka ukuze uzulazule ngokuphephile umfudlana ohlangene," kusho u-Subaru.

Khumbula: ama-XNUMXxXNUMX aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa emigwaqweni yetiyela enobhuqu oluncane noma ukukhanya okungaphandle komgwaqo.

Incazelo ye-XNUMXWD ngesicelo

IToyota Kluger itholakala nedonsa ngawo wonke amasondo uma uyicela ngamamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu.

Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zabagibeli kanye namaSUV alungele idolobha.

Esikhundleni sokushayela ngokugcwele amasondo, imoto ishintshashintsha ibe ngamasondo amabili (imvamisa amasondo angaphambili). Uma amasondo angaphambili eqala ukuphenduka, izinzwa zithola ukulahleka kokudonsa bese ziqondisa kabusha i-torque yenjini kwenye i-ekseli ukuze inikeze ukudonsa okuphezulu.

Iwuhlelo oluhlakaniphile ngoba alukuniki lokho ongakudingi uze ukwenze.

Ukuncipha kokushayisana ngokushayela amasondo amabili kuphela isikhathi esiningi nakho kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okuphansi kunezinhlelo zokushayela ezidonsa ngamasondo amane, ezinganikeza ukonga okukhulu empilweni yemoto.

Ngakho, i-SUV AWD noma i-4WD?

OFF-ROAD (Sport Utility Vehicle) isifinyezo esivela e-United States futhi sisetshenziselwa ukuchaza imoto engekho emgwaqeni, ngokuvamile imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo eyakhiwe ku-chassis wamaloli amancane. 

Eminyakeni yakamuva, i-SUV ibilokhu isetshenziswa kakhulu e-Australia ngezinjongo zemakethe nezokumaketha njengegama elihlanganisa konke kunoma iyiphi imoto ebukeka njengemoto, okuhlanganisa ngisho nama-crossover "athambile" agxile edolobheni. ngaphandle. "I-Off-road" ayihlangene nhlobo nohlobo lokushayela imoto enalo noma amakhono ayo angekho emgwaqeni.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-AWD ne-4WD - ngaphandle komgwaqo

Ngakho, ungakwazi ukushayela off-road nge-wheel drive wonke? Yebo ungakwazi, kodwa sincoma ukuthi ungayihambisi kude kakhulu nayo. Ama-XNUMXWD alula futhi mancane kunama-XNUMXWD futhi afaneleka kahle ukushayela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu, imizila emise okwezimo, nezimo ezilula zangaphandle komgwaqo njengesihlabathi esiqinile solwandle nokunye okunjalo. 

Njengoba sekushiwo, ama-XNUMXxXNUMX ngokuvamile anendawo ephansi yokuvunyelwa komhlaba kunama-XNUMXxXNUMX ozakwabo ngakho-ke asengozini yokubhajwa ezithiyoni (ematsheni, eziqwini) noma ekubhajweni endaweni (esihlabathini esijulile).

Awunikezwa imvume engaka uma kuziwa ekushayeleni ngamathrekhi amasondo ajulile noma ama-ruts, ngakho-ke ongaphansi usengozini yokulimala.

I-XNUMXWD transmission ayiklanyelwe ukuthi isebenze ezimeni ezinzima zangaphandle komgwaqo njengokushayela esihlabathini esithambile isikhathi eside.

Ama-XNUMXxXNUMX avame ukuba makhudlwana, asindayo, athembeke kakhudlwana futhi ane-drivetrain kanye ne-chassis eklanyelwe izimo eziqine kakhulu zangaphandle komgwaqo, ngakho ayifaneleka kahle kakhulu indawo enensayo, emagebhugebhu. 

Yini engcono, idrayivu enamasondo amane noma idrayivu enamasondo amane?

Kuya ngokuthi uzoyisebenzisela ini.

Zibuze: yini engcono kimi - amasondo amane noma amasondo amane? Uma wena nomndeni wakho nithanda ukuphuma nokukhempa, kodwa kungadingeki nidlulele ngale kwezindlela zamatshe ezilungiswe kahle noma imizila egandayiwe emapaki amaningi kazwelonke ase-Australia ukuze nifike lapho, khona-ke i-XNUMXxXNUMX inikeza ukunethezeka, ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kwedolobha. , ukushayela kwezwe kanye nezwe. 

Nakuba igebe eliphakathi kwama-XNUMXxXNUMX nama-XNUMXxXNUMX livaleka ngokushesha, mayelana nokugibela nokubamba, ama-XNUMXxXNUMX asavame ukudlula ama-XNUMXxXNUMX kuwo wonke ama-metrics wokunethezeka.

Kodwa i-4xXNUMX ine-low ground clearance kanye ne-air intake, kanye ne-powertrain yayo kanye ne-chassis, engakwazi ukujwayela kahle ukulayisha ngaphandle komgwaqo njengama-XNUMXxXNUMX, kusho ukuthi ama-XNUMXxXNUMX awasondelene kakhulu njengalokhu aguquguqukayo. -nolwandle olukwazi njenge-XNUMXWD eyakhelwe inhloso.

Uma unomndeni omkhulu futhi uthanda ukuya eholidini ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela okunzima ukufika kuzo nanoma yini enye ngaphandle kweLandCruiser, udinga i-4WD. Lezi zimoto zine-transmission, gearbox, suspension, ground clearance, air intake height, ingasaphathwa eyokungena, ephumayo ne-acceleration ukuze zinqobe off-road kangcono kunawo wonke amasondo.

Inqwaba yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ozikhethela yona iyatholakala futhi ezimotweni eziyi-XNUMXWD - ukuthuthukiswa kokumiswa, ama-snorkel nokunye - ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla azo angaphandle komgwaqo.

Inothi lomhleli: Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwashicilelwa ekuqaleni ngoJuni 2015 futhi manje sekubuyekeziwe ukuze kube nokunemba nokuphelela.