Ukuxhuma nokuphina kwesokhethi
Okuqukethwe
Okokuhambisa izimpahla ezinkulu, abanikazi bezimoto bavame ukusebenzisa i-trailer. I-trailer ixhunywe emshinini nge-hitch yokudonsa noma nge-bar bar. Ukufaka i-towbar nokuvikela i-trailer akunzima kangako, kepha futhi udinga ukunakekela ukuxhumana kogesi. Ku-trailer, izinkomba zokuqondisa nezinye izimpawu kumele zisebenze ukuxwayisa abanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ngokuhamba kwezimoto.
Yini isokhethi sethala
Isokhethi le-towbar yipulagi enezinto ezisebenza ngogesi ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-trailer emotweni. Itholakala eduze kwe-towbar, futhi ipulagi ehambelana nayo ixhunywe kuyo. Isokhethi lingasetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ngokuphepha nangendlela efanele amasekethe kagesi wemoto kanye ne-trailer.
Lapho uxhuma indawo okuthengwa kuyo, igama elithi "pinout" liyasetshenziswa (kusuka kuphini lesiNgisi - umlenze, okukhiphayo). Le yi-pinout yezintambo ezifanele.
Izinhlobo zokuxhuma
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezixhumi kuye ngohlobo lwemoto nesifunda:
- amaphini ayisikhombisa (amaphini ayi-7) uhlobo lwaseYurophu;
- amaphini ayisikhombisa (amaphini ayi-7) uhlobo lwaseMelika;
- amaphini ayishumi nantathu (amaphini ayi-13);
- abanye.
Ake sihlaziye uhlobo ngalunye nendawo yabo yesicelo ngokuningiliziwe.
XNUMX-pin yaseYurophu ipulaki yohlobo
Lolu uhlobo lwesokhethi oluvame kakhulu futhi lulula futhi luzolingana ama-trailer alula kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni ezifuywayo nezaseYurophu.
Kulesi sibalo esilandelayo, ungabona ngokucacile ukubonakala nomdwebo we-pinout wesixhumi samaphini ayisikhombisa.
Iphini Nethebula Lesiginali:
| Inombolo | Ikhodi | Isiginali | Isigaba esiphambene nocingo |
| 1 | L | Isiginali Yokujika Kwesobunxele | 1,5 mm2 |
| 2 | 54G | 12V, isibani senkungu | 1,5 mm2 |
| 3 | 31 | Umhlaba (ubukhulu) | 2,5 mm2 |
| 4 | R | Isiginali yokujika kwesokudla | 1,5 mm2 |
| 5 | 58R | Ukukhanya kwenombolo nomaka ohlangothini lwesokudla | 1,5 mm2 |
| 6 | 54 | Misa amalambu | 1,5 mm2 |
| 7 | 58L | Uhlangothi lwesobunxele | 1,5 mm2 |
Lolu hlobo lwesixhumi luyahluka ngokuthi zombili izingxenye ezitholayo nezokuxhuma zinezinhlobo zombili zoxhumana nabo ("owesilisa" / "owesifazane"). Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kungadideki ngengozi noma ebumnyameni. Kuzoba cishe kungenzeki ukuthintana nabantu besikhashana. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona etafuleni, ucingo ngalunye lunengxenye yesiphambano engu-1,5 mm2ngaphandle kwesisindo esingu-2,5 mm2.
Isixhumi sesitayela se-XNUMX-pin
Uhlobo lwaseMelika lwesixhumi se-7-pin luhlukaniswa ngokuba khona koxhumana naye oguqukayo, akukho ukuhlukaniswa kwamalambu ohlangothi lwangakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele. Zihlanganiswe zaba yinto eyodwa ejwayelekile. Kwezinye izinhlobo, amalambu amabhuleki namalambu asemaceleni ahlanganisiwe kokuxhumana okukodwa. Imvamisa izintambo zikalwa ngokufanelekile futhi zinemibala ukwenza kube lula inqubo yezintambo.
Esithombeni esingezansi, ungabona isekethe yohlobo lwaseMelika lwamaphini ayi-7.
Isixhumi sepini sixhumi
Isixhumi esinamaphini ayi-13 sinezikhonkwane eziyi-13 ngokulandelana. Okucacile kwalolu hlobo ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okungafuneki, oxhumana nabo abaningana bamabhasi ama-plus kanye nokususa kanye nekhono lokuxhuma amadivayisi angeziwe njengekhamera yokubuka ngemuva nezinye.
Lolu hlelo luthandwa kakhulu e-United States nakwamanye amazwe lapho kuvame khona izindlu ezingomahambanendlwana. Imisinga emikhulu ingahamba ngalesi sifunda ukunika amandla imishini kagesi kwi-mobile-trailer, ibhethri nabanye abathengi.
Kulesi sibalo esingezansi, ungabona umdwebo wesokhethi lamaphini ayi-13.
Isikimu sezisekelo ze-towbar eziyi-13:
| Inombolo | Цвет | Ikhodi | Isiginali |
| 1 | Желтый | L | I-alamu ephuthumayo nesiginali yokujika kwesobunxele |
| 2 | Dark blue | 54G | Izibani zenkungu |
| 3 | White | 31 | Ground, lokususa ixhunywe emzimbeni |
| 4 | Green | 4 / R | Isiginali yokujika kwesokudla |
| 5 | Коричневый | 58R | Ukukhanya kwenombolo, ukukhanya kohlangothi lwesokudla |
| 6 | Okubomvu | 54 | Misa amalambu |
| 7 | Okumnyama | 58L | Ukukhanya kohlangothi lwesobunxele |
| 8 | Pink | 8 | Isignali eguqukayo |
| 9 | Оранжевый | 9 | I- "Plus" wire 12V, ivela ebhetri iye kubasebenzisi bamandla lapho ukuthungela kucishiwe |
| 10 | Grey | 10 | Inikeza amandla we-12V kuphela lapho ukuthungela kuvulekile |
| 11 | Mnyama nomhlophe | 11 | Kususwe iphini yokuphakela 10 |
| 12 | Okumhlophe okotshani | 12 | Izinsiza |
| 13 | Okuwolintshi-mhlophe | 13 | Kususwe iphini yokuphakela 9 |
Ukuxhuma isokhethi
Ukuxhuma isokhethi ye-towbar akunzima kangako. Isokhethi ngokwalo lifakwe kusokhethi kuthawbar, ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuxhumana kahle nabaxhumana nabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa umdwebo wesixhumi se-pinout. Ezimweni eziningi, sekuvele kufakiwe kukhithi yemishini.
Ngomsebenzi osezingeni eliphakeme, uzodinga amathuluzi nezinto ezilandelayo:
- imishini ethengiwe;
- amathuluzi wokuqaqa nokulungisa izingxenye;
- ukushisa okunciphisayo, itheyipu kagesi;
- ipuleti lokufaka nezinye izinto zokubopha;
- i-ironering iron;
- ucingo lwensimbi olulodwa olungumgogodla lekhwalithi ephezulu elinengxenye yesiphambano okungenani engu-1,5 mm;
- ama-terminals wokuxhuma wezintambo zokuxhumana zezintambo;
- umdwebo wokuxhuma.
Okulandelayo, sixhuma izintambo ngokuqinile ngokwesikimu. Ukuxhumeka okungcono, kusetshenziswa i-soldering iron kanye namapuleti wokufaka. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa kuphela ucingo olulodwa olungumgogodla olunengxenye yesiphambano engu-1,5 mm; kusetshenziswa ucingo olunengxenye yesiphambano engu-2-2,5 mm wokuxhumana nebhethri. Udinga futhi ukunakekela ukuhlukanisa oxhumana nabo othulini, ukungcola kanye nomswakama. Kuyisibopho ukuba nesembozo esikhwameni, esisimboza ngaphandle kwe-trailer.
Izici Zokuxhuma
Izimoto ezenziwe ngaphambi kuka-2000 zinamasekhethi wokulawula amasiginali angemuva we-analogue. Kungaba nzima kumshayeli ukuthola ukuthi izintambo zixhunywe kuphi, imvamisa ngokungahleliwe. Ezimotweni ezinamandla okulawula amandla edijithali, le ndlela iyingozi ezintweni zikagesi.
Ukuxhuma nje izintambo ngqo ngeke kusebenze. Kungenzeka, ikhompyutha ekubhodi izonikeza umyalezo wephutha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iyunithi efanayo isetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje.
Ungaxhuma isokhethi se-towbar ngokwakho, kepha uma ungazethembi emakhonweni akho, lapho-ke kuzoba okuphephile ukuxhumana nochwepheshe. Ngaphambi kokuxhuma, kubalulekile ukuhlola amaphoyinti wokuxhuma wezintambo, qiniseka ukuthi akukho ziqhekeko, izinto ezihlikihlayo, amasekethe amafushane. Umdwebo we-pinout uzosiza ukwenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanele ukuze zonke izibani nezimpawu zisebenze kahle.
