Kungani isiqalisi sichofoza kodwa singayivuli injini

Imvamisa, ukuqala imoto kuhambisana nokungasebenzi kahle okushiwo ekusebenzeni kokhiye wokuqalisa - i-starter. Ukungasebenzi kahle kokusebenza kwayo kungazibonakalisa ngendlela yokuchofoza kwesici ngesikhathi isekethe yesiqalisi ivaliwe ngokhiye wokubasa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kwemizamo eminingi ephikelelayo, injini ingase iphile. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana kungase kufike isikhashana lapho imoto ngeke nje ukuqala.

Ukuze ukhiphe lokhu okungenzeka futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza kwedivayisi, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinyathelo eziningi zokuxilonga futhi kuqedwe ukuwohloka. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

Iqala kanjani injini ngesiqalisi

Isiqalisi siyimoto kagesi ye-DC. Ngenxa yegiya elishayelayo, elishayela i-flywheel lenjini, linikeza i-crankshaft itorque edingekayo ukuze iqale injini.

Isiqalisi sisebenzisana kanjani ne-flywheel, ngaleyo ndlela siqale isikhungo samandla?

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukujwayelana ngokujwayelekile nedivayisi yeyunithi yokuqala injini ngokwayo.

Ngakho-ke, izici eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwesiqalisi zifaka:

• DC motor;
• edluliselwe retractor;
• i-clutch eyeqile (i-bendix).

I-DC motor inikwa amandla yibhethri. I-voltage ikhishwa kuma-windings okuqala kusetshenziswa i-carbon-graphite brush element.

I-solenoid relay iwumshini ngaphakathi lapho kukhona i-solenoid enepheya lamawindi. Omunye wabo ubambe, owesibili uyahoxa. Induku igxilile kumongo kazibuthe kagesi, omunye umkhawulo osebenza ku-clutch eyeqisayo. Okuthintwayo okunamandla okungaphansi kwamanzi okubili kufakwe kukesi lokudlulisela.

I-clutch eyengeziwe noma i-bendx itholakala kuhange lemoto kagesi. Leli findo likweleta igama elikhohlisayo kangako kumsunguli oyedwa waseMelika. I-freewheel device yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi injini iqalwa, igiya layo lokushayela linqamuke emqheleni we-flywheel, lihlale linjalo futhi lingalimele.

Uma igiya lingenayo i-clutch ekhethekile, belingeke lisebenziseke ngemva kokuhlinzwa isikhashana. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ekuqaleni, igiya le-clutch drive eleqile lidlulisela ukuzungezisa ku-flywheel yenjini. Ngokushesha nje lapho injini iqala, ijubane lokuzungeza i-flywheel landa ngokuphawulekayo, futhi igiya kuzodingeka libhekane nemithwalo esindayo, kodwa-ke i-freewheel iqala ukusebenza. Ngosizo lwayo, igiya le-bendix lijikeleza ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokubhekana nanoma yimuphi umthwalo.

Kwenzekani ngaleso sikhathi lapho ukhiye wokubasa uqina endaweni “Yokuqala”? Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-current esuka kubhethri isetshenziswe ekuthinteni okungaphansi kwamanzi kwe-solenoid relay. Umgogodla ohambayo we-solenoid, ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu yamagnetic, enqoba ukumelana kwentwasahlobo, uqala ukuhamba.

Lokhu kubangela ukuthi induku exhunywe kuyo iphushe i-clutch eyeqisayo ibheke kumqhele we-flywheel. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthintana kwamandla we-retractor relay kuxhunywe ekuxhumaneni okuhle kwemoto kagesi. Ngokushesha lapho othintana nabo bevala, injini kagesi iqala.

Igiya le-bendix lidlulisela ukuzungeza kumqhele we-flywheel, futhi injini iqala ukusebenza. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kokhiye, ukunikezwa kwamanje ku-solenoid kuyama, umgogodla ubuyela endaweni yawo, unqamule i-clutch overrunning kusukela kugiya lokushayela.

Kungani i-starter ingazungezi injini, ibheke kuphi

Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwesiqalisi, izinkinga zingavela ngokuqala kwayo. Kwenzeka, ngakho-ke, ukuthi akabonisi nhlobo izimpawu zokuphila, noma "uphenduka angenzi lutho". Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuxilonga ezihloswe ukuhlonza ukungasebenzi kahle.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-armature yemoto kagesi yedivayisi ingashintshi, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi:

• ukukhiya umlilo;
• ibhethri;
• intambo enkulu;
• i-retractor edluliselwe.

Kuyatuseka ukuthi uqale ukuxilonga ngepheya yokuxhumana yeswishi yokushisa. Kwesinye isikhathi ifilimu ye-oxide koxhumene nabo ivimbela ukudlula kwamanje kusilayidi sokuqala solenoid. Ukuze ukhiphe lesi sizathu, kwanele ukubheka ukufundwa kwe-ammeter ngesikhathi ukhiye wokuthungela uphendulwa. Uma umcibisholo uchezuka ubheke ekukhishweni, khona-ke yonke into ihlelekile ngokukhiya. Uma kungenjalo, kunesizathu sokuqinisekisa ukuthi iyasebenza.

I-starter motor yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lamanje lisetshenziselwa ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini. Ngakho, izici zokusebenza kokuqalisa zibeka izidingo ezithile ebhethrini. Kufanele inikeze inani lamanje elidingekayo ukuze isebenze kahle. Uma ukushaja kwebhethri kungahambelani nenani lokusebenza, ukuqala injini kuzoba nobunzima obukhulu.

Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwe-starter kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuntuleka kwesisindo nomzimba kanye nenjini yemoto. Intambo yaphansi kufanele igxiliswe ngokuqinile endaweni yensimbi ehlanziwe. Kudingeka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi intambo iphelele. Akufanele kube nomonakalo obonakalayo kanye ne-foci ye-sulphation ezindaweni zokunamathisela.

Isiqalisi siyachofoza, kodwa asijiki - izizathu nezindlela zokuhlola. Isiqalo solenoid esikhundleni

Kufanele futhi uhlole ukusebenza kwe-solenoid relay. Uphawu olugqame kakhulu lokungasebenzi kahle kwayo ukuchofoza isici se-solenoid core ngesikhathi sokuvala abathintwayo beswishi yokubasa. Ukuyilungisa, kuzodingeka ukhiphe isiqalisi. Kodwa, ungagxumeli eziphethweni. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe "retractor" kuhlotshaniswa nokushiswa kweqembu lokuxhumana, okuthiwa "i-pyatakov". Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, udinga ukubuyekeza oxhumana nabo.

Ibhethri eliphansi

Ibhethri elibi lingabangela isiqalisi semoto yakho ukuthi sihluleke. Ngokuvamile, izibonakalisa enkathini yasebusika, lapho ibhethri lithola umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu.

Izinyathelo zokuxilonga kuleli cala zehliselwa ku:

• ukuhlola ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte yebhethri;
• ibheka izinga lokushajwa kwebhethri.

Kuye ngezimo zokusebenza, ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte yebhethri kufanele kube inani elishiwo. Ungahlola ukuminyana nge-hydrometer.

Inani lokuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid yebhande eliphakathi ngu-1,28 g/cm³. Uma, ngemva kokushaja ibhethri, ukuminyana okungenani embizeni eyodwa kuvele kwaba ngaphansi ngo-0,1 g/cm.³ ibhethri kufanele lilungiswe noma lishintshwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqapha izinga le-electrolyte emabhange. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela lesi sidingo kungase kuholele ekutheni ukugcwala kwe-electrolyte ebhethrini kuzoba phezulu ngokuphawulekayo. Lokhu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi ibhethri izomane ihluleke.

Ukuhlola izinga lebhethri, vele ucindezele uphondo lwemoto. Uma umsindo ungahlali phansi, konke kuhlelekile ngawo. Leli sheke lingenziwa ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngemfoloko yokulayisha. Kufanele ixhunywe kumatheminali ebhethri, bese usebenzisa umthwalo wemizuzwana emi-5 - 6. Uma "ukwehla" kwe-voltage akubalulekile - kufika ku-10,2 V, asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Uma ingaphansi kwevelu elishiwo, ibhethri libhekwa njengelingasebenzi kahle.

Ukungasebenzi kahle ochungechungeni lukagesi lokuphatha isiqalisi

Isiqalisi sibhekisela ezintweni zikagesi zemoto. Kunezimo ezivamile lapho ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwayo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokulimala kumjikelezo wokulawula wale divayisi.

Ukuze uthole lolu hlobo lokungasebenzi kahle, kufanele:

• qiniseka ukuthi akukho monakalo ocingweni lwamandla;
• hlola ukusebenza kwepheya yokuxhumana;
• qiniseka ukuthi i-fuse ilungile.

Ukukhomba izinkinga eziveziwe, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-multimeter. Isibonelo, ukuze uhlole yonke isekethe kagesi eqalayo, kuhle ukukhalisa zonke izintambo zokuxhuma ukuze uphumule. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umhloli kufanele asethelwe kumodi ye-ohmmeter.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile abathintwayo bomshini wokuthungela kanye ne-retractor relay. Kunezikhathi lapho intwasahlobo yokubuya, ngenxa yokugqoka, ayivumeli othintana nabo ukuthi bathinte kahle.

Uma ukuchofoza kokudluliselwa kwe-retractor kulandelelwa, kukhona ithuba lokushiswa othintana nabo bamandla. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, kwanele ukuvala i-terminal enhle ye "retractor" nge-terminal ye-stator winding ye-motor kagesi yedivayisi. Uma isiqalisi siqala, iphutha amandla okuthwala amanje aphansi wepheya yokuxhumana.

Izinkinga zokuqala

Izinkinga nge-starter zingabangelwa kokubili ukulimala komshini ezintweni zayo zokusebenza, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini yayo kagesi.

Ukulimala komshini kuhlanganisa:

• ukushelela kwe-freewheel;
• ukuqhuma kwe-lever ye-freewheel drive;
• ukwanda kokuguga kwezihlahla zezikhali zemoto kagesi.

Izimpawu ezibonisa ukushibilika kwe-clutch overrunning zivezwa eqinisweni lokuthi lapho ukhiye uphendulelwa endaweni "yokuqala", i-motor kagesi yeyunithi iqala, futhi i-bendix yenqaba ukuxhumana nomqhele we-flywheel.

Ukuqedwa kwale nkinga ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokukhipha idivayisi nokubuyekeza i-clutch overrunning. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi somsebenzi, izingxenye zayo zivele zingcoliswe. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwayo, kwanele ukuyigeza ngophethiloli.

I-clutch lever eyeqile nayo ingaphansi kokwenyuka kokuguga kwemishini. Izimpawu zalokhu kungasebenzi zizofana: i-starter motor ijikeleza, futhi i-bandsk yenqaba ukuhlanganyela nendandatho ye-flywheel. Ukugqokwa kwesiqu kunganxeshezelwa ngemikhono yokulungisa. Kodwa, kungcono ukuyishintsha. Lokhu kuzosindisa isikhathi nezinzwa kumnikazi.

I-armature yokuqalisa izungeza ngaphakathi kwezihlahla ze-copper-graphite. Njenganoma yikuphi okunye okusebenzisekayo, ama-bushings aguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukushintshwa okungazelelwe kwezakhi ezinjalo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, kuze kufike ekuthatheni indawo yokuqala.

Njengoba ukuguga kwezihlalo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo kwanda, amathuba okuthintwa kwezingxenye eziboshiwe ayanda. Lokhu kuholela ekubhujisweni nasekushisweni kokujika kwehange. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo umsindo owandayo lapho uqala isiqalisi.

Amaphutha kagesi okuqala ahlanganisa:

• i-interturn circuit;
• ukwanda kokugqoka kwabaqoqi;
• gqoka / axege amabhulashi;
• ukuphuka kwezintambo ekujikeni.

Uma ukufakwa kwe-insulation of the conductive elements of the starter kuphukile, kulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwayo. I-turn-to-turn short circuit noma ukuphuka kwe-stator winding, njengomthetho, akuzenzeki. Ukuwohloka okunjalo kungabangelwa ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamayunithi okuqala okusebenza.

Iyunithi ye-brush-collector idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo, oxhumana nabo be-carbon-graphite abaslayidayo bayaguga ngokuphawulekayo. Ukushintshwa kwabo okungakafiki isikhathi kungaholela ekulimaleni kwamapuleti abaqoqi. Ukuze ubone ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kwamabhulashi, ezimweni eziningi kuyadingeka ukukhulula isiqalisi.

Ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukusho ukuthi izingcweti ezithile, ezinikezwe "ubuhlakani obukhulu", zishintsha amabhulashi endabuko e-graphite abe ama-analogue e-copper-graphite, esho ukumelana okuphezulu kwethusi. Imiphumela yalokhu kuqanjwa kabusha ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuza. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto, umqoqi uzolahlekelwa umsebenzi wakhe unomphela.

Edluliselwe Solenoid

Konke ukungasebenzi kahle kokusebenza kwe-solenoid relay kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine:

• ukuguga okusebenzayo kwezinto zokusebenza;
• ukukhathala kwezakhi zokuxhumana;
• ukulimala komshini kuma-node ngamanye;
• ukwephulwa kobuqotho be-electromagnet winding.

Amabhulashi

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwedivayisi, umhlangano we-brush-collector we-starter udinga ukuxilonga okuhlelekile nokugcinwa ngesikhathi, okubandakanya lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:

• ukushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamabhulashi;
• ukuhlola umhlangano womqoqi ukuze kutholwe ukusha nokungcola;
• ukuhlinzeka ngamandla okubamba adingekayo wezinto eziqoqwayo zamanje.

Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamabhulashi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isibani esilula sezimoto esingu-12 V. Umkhawulo owodwa we-bulb kufanele ucindezelwe ngokumelene nesibambi sebhulashi, futhi omunye umkhawulo kufanele unamathele emhlabathini. Uma ukukhanya kucishiwe, amabhulashi alungile. Isibani sikhipha ukukhanya - amabhulashi "aphelile".

 Ukuvunguza

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-starter winding ngokwayo ayivamile ukuhluleka. Izinkinga nazo ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wokugqoka kwemishini yezingxenye ngazinye.

Noma kunjalo, ukuze uqiniseke ngobuqotho bayo, uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka kwecala, kwanele ukuyihlola nge-ohmmeter evamile. Ingxenye eyodwa yedivayisi isetshenziswa kutheminali ejikajikayo, enye phansi. Umcibisholo uyachezuka - ubuqotho bezintambo buphukile. Umcibisholo unezimpande endaweni - asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweziqalisi, uma singabandakanyi amaphutha efekthri, ngokuvamile kuwumphumela wokusebenza kwayo okungafanele noma ukulungiswa okungafanele. Ukushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, isimo sengqondo sokucophelela, nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomsebenzi wasefekthri kuzokwandisa kakhulu impilo yayo yesevisi futhi kusindise umnikazi ezindlekweni ezingadingekile kanye nokushaqeka kovalo.