Kungani ikhompuyutha esebhodini ingabonisi - izimbangela ezingenzeka nezisombululo
Okuqukethwe
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani ikhompyutha esebhodini ingabonisi noma yiluphi ulwazi noma ingasebenzi nhlobo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha isimiso sokusebenza kwayo.
Abanikazi bezimoto zesimanje babhekene nesimo lapho ikhompyutha esebhodini ingabonisi ulwazi oluthile olubalulekile noma ingabonisi nhlobo izimpawu zokuphila. Nakuba ukungasebenzi okunjalo akuthinti ukuphatha noma ukuphepha kokushayela, kubangela ukungakhululeki futhi kungaba ukubonakaliswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, bese ususa izimbangela.
Ibonisani ikhompuyutha engaphakathi?
Ngokuya ngemodeli yekhompiyutha esebhodini (BC, ikhompyutha yokuhamba, iMK, i-bortovik, i-minibus), le divayisi ibonisa ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokusebenza kwesistimu nemihlangano yemoto, kusukela esimweni sezinto eziyinhloko kuya ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli. nesikhathi sokuhamba. Amamodeli ashibhe kakhulu abonisa kuphela:
- inani lezinguquko zenjini;
- i-voltage yenethiwekhi ebhodini;
- isikhathi ngokuya ngezoni yesikhathi ekhethiwe;
- isikhathi sokuhamba.
Ikhompyutha yesimanje esebhodini
Lokhu kwanele emishinini engasasebenzi ngaphandle kwe-electronics. Kodwa, amadivaysi esimanjemanje futhi asebenzayo ayakwazi:
- ukwenza ukuxilonga imoto;
- xwayisa umshayeli mayelana nokuqhekeka futhi ubike ikhodi yephutha;
- qapha i-mileage kuze kube yilapho kushintshwa uketshezi lobuchwepheshe;
- nquma izixhumanisi zemoto nge-GPS noma i-Glonass futhi wenze umsebenzi wetilosi;
- shayela abatakuli uma kwenzeka ingozi;
- lawula isistimu ye-multimedia eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma ehlukene (MMS).
Kungani ingabonisi lonke ulwazi?
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani ikhompyutha esebhodini ingabonisi noma yiluphi ulwazi noma ingasebenzi nhlobo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha isimiso sokusebenza kwayo. Ngisho namamodeli esimanje futhi asebenzayo kakhulu ama-minibus angamadivaysi angaphandle kuphela, ngakho-ke anikeza umshayeli ulwazi mayelana nesimo nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zemoto eziyinhloko.
Ikhompuyutha esebhodini ivula ngokuvula ukhiye wokushisa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isiqalisi siqaliswe bese ibuza i-ECU ngokuhambisana nezivumelwano zangaphakathi, ngemva kwalokho ibonise idatha etholiwe esibukweni. Imodi yokuhlola ihamba ngendlela efanayo - umshayeli osebhodini uthumela isicelo kuyunithi yokulawula futhi ihlola lonke uhlelo, bese ibika umphumela ku-MK.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ikhompyutha ethile ebhodini ingabonisi ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwesistimu ethile yemoto, kodwa uhlelo ngokwalo lusebenza ngokujwayelekile, inkinga ayikho kuyo, kodwa esiteshini sokuxhumana noma i-MK ngokwayo. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ukushintshaniswa kwamaphakethe esignali phakathi kwamadivaysi e-elekthronikhi emotweni kwenzeka kusetshenziswa umugqa owodwa, noma kusetshenziswa izivumelwano ezihlukene, ukungabikho kokufundwa esibukweni se-MK, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinhlelo, kukhombisa ukuthintana kabi komugqa wesiginali noma izinkinga. ngekhompyutha yohambo ngokwayo.
Yini ebangela ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana?
Njengoba isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani ikhompyutha esebhodini ingabonisi ulwazi oluthile olubalulekile ukuthintana kabi nocingo oluhambisanayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.
Alukho uxhumano lwezintambo
Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha enekhodi phakathi kwe-router nezinye izinto zikagesi kwenzeka ngenxa yama-voltage pulses adluliswa phezu komugqa ovamile, oqukethe izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Ucingo lwenziwe ngezintambo zethusi ezisontekile, ukuze ukumelana nogesi kube kuncane. Kodwa, ukwenza amatheminali eqembu lokuxhumana kusuka ethusi kubiza kakhulu futhi akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke zenziwa ngensimbi, futhi kwezinye izimo isisekelo sensimbi sifakwe ithini (i-tinned) noma isiliva (isiliva elicwecwe).
Amanzi andiza ephuma ngaphansi kwamasondo, kanye nomswakama ophezulu womoya we-cabin, kuhambisana nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa, kuholela ekubekweni kwe-condensate kuwo, okungukuthi, amanzi ajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye namanzi avela emoyeni, uthuli luvame ukuhlala phezu kwamatheminali, ikakhulukazi uma ushayela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu noma ewubhuqu, futhi ushayela eduze kwamasimu alinyiwe.
Uma sekufike amatheminali eqembu lokuxhumana, amanzi avula izinqubo zokugqwala, futhi uthuli oluxutshwe noketshezi kancane kancane lumboza izingxenye zensimbi ngoqweqwe lwe-dielectric. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zombili izici ziholela ekwandeni kokumelana nogesi lapho kuhlangana khona izinto, okuphazamisa ukushintshana kwamasignali phakathi kwekhompyutha esebhodini nezinye izinto zikagesi.
Uma isizathu sokuthi umzila ungabonisi ulwazi oluthile olubalulekile ukungcola noma ukugqwala, khona-ke ngokuvula ibhulokhi yokuxhumana ehambisanayo noma i-terminal uzobona iminonjana yothuli olomisiwe kanye nokushintsha kombala, futhi mhlawumbe nesakhiwo sensimbi.
Ezinye izizathu
Ngokungeziwe koxhumana nabo abangcolile noma abane-oxidized, kunezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani ikhompuyutha esebhodini ingasebenzi kahle futhi ingabonisi imodi yokusebenza yamayunithi noma enye idatha ebalulekile:
- i-fuse evuthiwe;
- i-wire break;
- ukungasebenzi kahle komzila.
Phula ku-wiring
I-fuse ivikela izinto zikagesi ekudonseni amandla kagesi amaningi ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lwesici, njengesekhethi emfishane. Ngemuva kokusebenza, i-fuse iphula umjikelezo wokunikezwa kwamandla wedivayisi futhi i-BC iyacisha, eyivikela ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo, noma kunjalo, ayithinti imbangela ebangele ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamanje.
Uma i-fuse yesekethe yamandla ekhompiyutha esebhodini ishaywa, bheka isizathu sokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamanje, ngaphandle kwalokho lezi zakhi zizoncibilika njalo. Imvamisa, imbangela ingumjikelezo omfushane ku-wiring noma ukuwohloka kwengxenye ethile ye-elekthronikhi, njenge-capacitor. Ukushisa i-fuse kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isibonisi asikhanyi, ngoba ikhompyutha esebhodini ilahlekelwe amandla.
Izintambo eziphukile zingabangelwa kokubili ukulungiswa okungafanele kwemoto nezinye izici, njengokuwohloka kwesistimu kagesi yemoto noma ingozi. Ngokuvamile, ukuze uthole futhi ulungise ikhefu, kufanele uhlakaze imoto ngokungathí sina, isibonelo, ukususa ngokuphelele "i-torpedo" noma i-upholstery, ngakho-ke kudingeka umshini kagesi onolwazi ukuze uthole indawo yokuphumula.
Ukuphumula kwe-wiring akubonakali nje kuphela ngokubonisa okumnyama, okungabonisi lutho nhlobo, kodwa futhi nokungabikho kwezibonakaliso ezivela ezinzwa zomuntu ngamunye. Isibonelo, ikhompyutha yaseRussia esebhodini "State" yezimoto zomndeni wakwaSamara-2 (VAZ 2113-2115) ingazisa umshayeli mayelana nenani likaphethiloli ethangini kanye ne-mileage ebhalansi, kodwa uma ucingo inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli iphukile, khona-ke lolu lwazi olusebhodini ikhompuyutha alubonisi.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi ikhompyutha esebhodini ayibonisi noma yiluphi ulwazi olubalulekile kuyisici kule divayisi, isibonelo, i-firmware iphahlazekile futhi yaphetha. Indlela elula yokunquma ukuthi isizathu sisendleleni, uma ubeka endaweni yayo efanayo, kodwa idivayisi esetshenziswa ngokugcwele futhi eshuniwe. Uma lonke ulwazi luboniswa ngendlela efanele nenye idivayisi, khona-ke inkinga isemotweni egibele futhi idinga ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa.
isiphetho
Uma ikhompyutha esebhodini yemoto ingabonisi lonke ulwazi noma ingasebenzi nhlobo, khona-ke lokhu kuziphatha kunesizathu esithile, ngaphandle kwalokho akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela ukusebenza okuvamile kwebhasi. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo ngokwakho, thintana nochwepheshe kagesi onolwazi futhi uzolungisa ngokushesha konke noma akutshele ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezidinga ukushintshwa.
