Ukuminyana kawoyela wezimboni

Iqhaza Lokuminyana Ekusebenzeni Kwamafutha

Kungakhathaliseki izinga lokushisa elizungezile, ukuminyana kwawo wonke amabanga amafutha ezimbonini kungaphansi kokuminyana kwamanzi. Njengoba amanzi namafutha kungahlangani, uma ekhona esitsheni, amaconsi kawoyela azontanta phezulu.

Kungakho, uma uhlelo lokuthambisa lwemoto yakho lunenkinga yomswakama, amanzi azinza phansi kwe-sump futhi akhiphe amanzi kuqala noma nini lapho kukhishwa ipulaki noma kuvulwa ivalvu.

Ukuminyana kwamafutha ezimboni nakho kubalulekile ekunemba kwezibalo ezihlotshaniswa nokubalwa kwe-viscosity. Ikakhulukazi, lapho uhumusha inkomba ye-viscosity eguquguqukayo ku-kinematic density yamafutha, kufanele kwaziwe. Futhi njengoba ukuminyana kwanoma iyiphi i-low-viscosity medium akuyona inani eliqhubekayo, i-viscosity ingasungulwa kuphela ngephutha elaziwayo.

Lesi sakhiwo esiwuketshezi sibalulekile ezintweni eziningi zokuthambisa. Isibonelo, njengoba ukuminyana kwe-lubricant kukhula, uketshezi luba lukhulu. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze izinhlayiya ziphume ekumisweni. Ngokuvamile, ingxenye eyinhloko ekumisweni okunjalo yizinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zokugqwala. Ubuningi bokugqwala busukela ku-4800…5600 kg/m³, ngakho amafutha aqukethe ukugqwala ayajiya. Emathangeni nakwezinye izitsha ezihloselwe ukugcina uwoyela okwesikhashana, izinhlayiya zokugqwala zihlala kancane kakhulu. Kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lapho imithetho yokungqubuzana isebenza khona, lokhu kungabangela ukwehluleka, njengoba izinhlelo ezinjalo zizwela kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukungcola. Ngakho-ke, uma izinhlayiya zimisiwe isikhathi eside, izinkinga ezifana ne-cavitation noma ukugqwala kungabangela.

Ukuminyana kawoyela wezimboni ezisetshenzisiwe

Ukuchezuka kokuminyana okuhlobene nokuba khona kwezinhlayiya zikawoyela zangaphandle kubangela:

1. Ukwenyuka kokuthambekela ku-cavitation, kokubili ngesikhathi sokumunca nangemva kokudlula emigqeni kawoyela.
2. Ukwandisa amandla epompo likawoyela.
3. Umthwalo owengeziwe ezingxenyeni ezihambayo zepompo.
4. Ukuwohloka kwezimo zokupompa ngenxa yesenzo se-inertia yemishini.

Noma yiluphi uketshezi olunokuminyana okuphezulu luyaziwa ukuthi luneqhaza ekulawuleni ukungcola kangcono ngokusiza ekuthuthweni nasekukhipheni okuqinile. Njengoba izinhlayiya zigcinwe ekumisweni komshini isikhathi eside, zisuswa kalula izihlungi nezinye izinhlelo zokususa izinhlayiya, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuhlanzwa kwesistimu.

Njengoba ukuminyana kuyanda, amandla okuguguleka oketshezi nawo ayanda. Ezindaweni ezineziyaluyalu noma isivinini esikhulu, uketshezi lungase luqale ukucekela phansi amapayipi, amavalvu, nanoma iyiphi enye indawo esendleleni yalo.

Ubuningi bamafutha ezimbonini akuthintwa nje kuphela izinhlayiya eziqinile, kodwa futhi nokungcola kanye nezakhi zemvelo ezifana nomoya namanzi. I-oxidation iphinde ithinte ukuminyana kwe-lubricant: ngokunyuka kokuqina kwayo, ukuminyana kwamafutha kuyanda. Isibonelo, ukuminyana kwamafutha asezimbonini asetshenzisiwe grade I-40A ekamelweni lokushisa ngokuvamile 920±20 kg/m.³. Kepha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, amanani okuminyana ashintsha kakhulu. Yebo, ngo-40 ^°Ngobuningi bamafutha anjalo kakade 900±20 kg/m³, kwe80 ^°Nge-   890±20kg/m³ njll. Idatha efanayo ingatholwa kwezinye izinhlobo zamafutha - I-20A, I-30A, njll.

Lawa manani kufanele athathwe njengenkomba, futhi kuphela esimweni sokuthi umthamo othile kawoyela wohlobo olufanayo, kodwa oye wahlungwa ngomshini, awuzange ungezwe kuwoyela omusha wezimboni. Uma amafutha axutshwe (isibonelo, i-I-20A yengezwe ebangeni le-I-40A), khona-ke umphumela uzophuma ungalindelekile ngokuphelele.

Indlela yokusetha ukuminyana kwamafutha?

Ngomugqa wamafutha ezimbonini i-GOST 20799-88, ukuminyana kwamafutha amasha kusuka ku-880…920 kg/m³. Indlela elula yokunquma le nkomba ukusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile - i-hydrometer. Uma icwiliswa esitsheni esinamafutha, inani elifunayo linqunywa ngokushesha ngesilinganiso. Uma ingekho i-hydrometer, inqubo yokunquma ukuminyana izoba nzima kakhulu, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Ukuze uhlole, udinga ishubhu lengilazi elilinganiswe ngo-U, isitsha esinendawo enkulu yesibuko, i-thermometer, isitophuwashi kanye nomthombo wokushisa. Uzodinga ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Gcwalisa isitsha ngamanzi ngo-70 ... 80%.
2. Shisisa amanzi ukusuka emthonjeni ongaphandle ukuya endaweni yokubilisa, futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa lingashintshi phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuhlola.
3. Gxilisa ishubhu lengilazi elimise u-U emanzini ukuze imikhondo yomibili ihlale ngaphezu kwamanzi.
4. Vala imbobo eyodwa eshubhu ngokuqinile.
5. Thela amafutha ekugcineni kweshubhu lengilazi elimise oku-U bese uqala isitophuwashi.
6. Ukushisa okuvela emanzini ashisayo kuzokwenza ukuthi amafutha ashise, okwenza izinga elisekupheleni kwethubhu likhuphuke.
7. Rekhoda isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze uwoyela ukhuphuke ufike ezingeni elilinganisiwe bese ubuyela phansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa ipulaki engxenyeni evaliwe ye-tube: izinga lamafutha lizoqala ukunciphisa.
8. Setha ijubane lokunyakaza kwamafutha: lapho liphansi, liphakeme ukuminyana.

Idatha yokuhlola iqhathaniswa nereferensi yereferensi yamafutha ahlanzekile, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokunembile umehluko phakathi kokuminyana kwangempela nokujwayelekile, futhi uthole umphumela wokugcina ngesilinganiso. Umphumela wokuhlola ungasetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinga likawoyela wezimboni, ukuba khona kwamanzi kuwo, izinhlayiya zemfucuza, njll.

Ukugibela ama-shock absorbers agcwele amafutha okuphotha