Isitofu emotweni ayisebenzi kahle: izizathu zokuthi wenzeni

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umoya obandayo uvunguza esitofini. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukugxila ngangokunokwenzeka ezintweni ezimbalwa ezisobala kakhulu eziholela ekumisweni kokunikezwa komoya oshisayo endaweni yabagibeli lapho injini isebenza.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umoya obandayo uvunguza esitofini. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukugxila ngangokunokwenzeka ezintweni ezimbalwa ezisobala kakhulu eziholela ekumisweni kokunikezwa komoya oshisayo endaweni yabagibeli lapho injini isebenza.

Siyini isitofu?

Isitofu emotweni senza umsebenzi ofanayo nokushisisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezindaweni zokuhlala - ukunikeza ukushisa kumshayeli nabagibeli. Futhi, ukushisisa kwekhabhinethi, okudalwe yisitofu, kumelana nenkungu yamafasitela, ukubanda kwezingidi, nazo zonke izinhlobo zokushintshwa kwangaphakathi.

Isitofu sesaluni sixhunywe ohlelweni lokupholisa injini. Injini ipholiswe uketshezi olukhethekile - i-antifreeze, ethatha ukushisa enjini yangaphakathi yomlilo, iyashisa, bese ipholisa kurediyetha.

Ukujikeleza okupholile kuhlukaniswe iziyingi ezimbili - ezincane nezinkulu. Ijikeleza embuthanweni omncane, isiqandisi singena emgodini omboze i-cylinder block, okuthiwa ihembe, bese upholisa amasilinda ngamaphiston. Lapho into epholile ishisa kufika kuma-degree angu-82, ivalvu ekhethekile (i-thermostat) iyavuleka kancane kancane, futhi i-antifreeze igeleze isuka ku-cylinder block, iqhubeke nomugqa oholela kurediyetha opholile. Ngakho, ukunyakaza kwe-antifreeze kuqala kumbuthano omkhulu. Futhi, lapho injini isebenza, uketshezi olushisayo phakathi kwendilinga encane, ngamapayipi okungenisa nokuphuma, luzungeza njalo kurediyetha yesitofu.

Ukushisa emotweni

Uma umshayeli evula isitofu, ngaleyo ndlela uzoqala isiphephetha-moya, esizoqala ukuvuthela kurediyetha yesitofu esishiswa yi-coolant eshisayo. Ngakho-ke, umoya oshaywa yi-fan uzodlula kumaseli we-radiator bese ushisa, bese, usuvele ushisiwe, uzongena ngaphakathi kwemoto ngesiteshi somoya. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ngeke uthole ukushisa kuze kube yilapho umshini ususebenza imizuzu embalwa. Phela njengoba injini ishisa, into epholile nayo iyashisa.

Kungani kuphephetha umoya obandayo

Ebusika, ukwehluleka kwe-heater cabin kuyoba, ukuyibeka kancane, isimangaliso esingathandeki kumshayeli. Kunamaphuzu amaningana ayinhloko ngenxa yokuthi isitofu siyeka ukushisa.

Inani eliphansi le-antifreeze ohlelweni lokupholisa

Ihitha yekhabhinethi isebenzisa ukushisa okuvela kusipholisi esizungeza nangaphakathi enjinini. Izinga lokupholisa eliphansi livame ukuhlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka kwesekhethi evaliwe kanye nokuvuza kokupholisa. Inkinga enjalo ihlanganisa ukufaka umoya ohlelweni lokupholisa, okuphazamisa ukuhamba kwesiqandisi. Kulokhu, isitofu sizoyeka ukukhipha ukushisa, injini izoqala ukushisa kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze uma ubona ukugeleza komoya okubandayo kwe-heater ukuhlola inani lokupholisa ohlelweni. Uma uthola ukuvuza, kufanele ushintshe ngokushesha ipayipi elimele noma ipayipi lapho kuphuma khona i-antifreeze, bese ugcwalisa isipholile esisha.

Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngenjini ebandayo. Kudingekile ukugcwalisa isipholile ku-tank yokwandisa. Leli thangi elibonisa ngale, eliseduze ne-radiator, linemibhobho yerabha ephuma kulo.

I-antifreeze eyanele emotweni

Amathangi okunweba ezimoto eziningi zanamuhla anezingozi - "Max" kanye "Min". Uma inani lefriji lingaphansi kwenani elincane, khona-ke kukhona ukushoda kwesiqandisi ohlelweni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa i-coolant ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.

Uma izinga loketshezi lingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile, akukho ukuvuza nomoya, futhi i-ovini namanje ayishisi, kufanele uqhubeke ubheka ezinye izimbangela ezingase zithinte uhlelo lokushisa.

I-thermostat ebambekile

I-thermostat ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko okufanele uzinake uma isitofu emotweni singashisi kahle. Le valve ilawula ukujikeleza kwesipholile ngesistimu yokupholisa evaliwe. Isikhombi sezinga lokushisa kudeshibhodi sizokusiza wazi uma ngabe i-thermostat isebenza kahle yini. Uma injini yemoto yakho isisebenze cishe imizuzu eyishumi, igeji yezinga lokushisa kufanele ibonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphukile lisuka "kubanda" liya "kushisa". Ngokufanelekile, umcibisholo kufanele ube endaweni ethile phakathi. Uma lokhu kufundwa kungagxilile esilinganisweni sokushisa, i-thermostat kungenzeka yehlulekile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-thermostat: ukugxuma kwe-valve endaweni evaliwe noma evulekile. Uma i-thermostat ibambeke endaweni evulekile, isikhathi sokuthi into epholile ifudumale ifike ezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile sizokhula, ukuguga kwenjini kuzokwanda, futhi isitofu sizosebenza ngokubambezeleka okungaba yimizuzu eyi-10.

Njengoba i-thermostat ivaliwe njalo, umphumela ophambene uzokwenzeka ku-motor - ukushisa okunamandla kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ngoba uketshezi olushisayo ngeke lukwazi ukudlula umbuthano omncane ukuze lungene ku-radiator futhi lupholile. Ngesitofu, ivalve evaliwe iphinde isho ukuthi akukho ukushisisa, ngoba ivalve ngeke ivumele ukupholisa okushisayo kumjikelezo we-heater.

I-thermostat ebambekile

Ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-thermostat iyasebenza, qala injini, linda imizuzu engu-2-3, vula ihood, uzwe ipayipi lisuka kuvalvu liye kurediyetha. I-hose eshisayo izokutshela uma i-valve ibambelele endaweni evaliwe. Uma ipayipi libanda, khona-ke i-thermostat ivuliwe futhi i-coolant ayikwazi ukushisa, ngoba ijikeleza ngokushesha embuthanweni omkhulu. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, inkinga yokuphefumula okubandayo kusuka esitofu, ehlobene ngokuqondile nokuwohloka komhlangano we-valve, kufanele iqedwe ngokufaka i-thermostat entsha.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo

Iphampu iyiphampu eyi-centrifugal eshayela i-antifreeze kusistimu yokupholisa. Uma leyunithi iyeka ukusebenza, ukugeleza koketshezi ngamapayipi, amapayipi namashaneli kuzoma. Ukumisa ukuhamba kwezinto ezipholile ngesistimu yokupholisa kuzodala ukuthi injini ishise kakhulu. Futhi, into epholisayo ngeke ikwazi ukudlulisa ukushisa kurediyetha yesitofu, futhi ifeni ye-heater izokhipha umoya obandayo ngendlela engavamile.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwephampu kungabonakala ngemisindo enomsindo noma eklewulayo phakathi nokusebenza kwayo. Izimpawu ezinjalo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuthwala kanzima ngenxa yokusebenza isikhathi eside komhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-impeller blades angase aguge, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukugcina ukujikeleza okuvamile, nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo yemoto nesitofu.

Funda futhi: I-heater eyengeziwe emotweni: kuyini, kungani idingeka, idivayisi, ukuthi isebenza kanjani

iphampu yokushisisa umshini

Kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokuxazulula le nkinga: ukulungisa iphampu, kuncike ekuqhekekeni okuyingxenye, noma ukufaka ingxenye entsha. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, inketho yesibili ifaneleka kakhulu. Ngisho noma ipompo ingabulawanga ngokuphelele, ukulungiswa ngeke kusize njalo ukukhulisa impilo yayo yesevisi isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kulula futhi kuthembekile ukuthenga nokufaka ipompo entsha.

Ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani isitofu singashisi kahle

Ngaphandle kwezizathu eziyinhloko ezihambisana nezinkinga ohlelweni lokupholisa, ukuphulwa kungenzeka kwenye yezitofu zesitofu. Ngakho-ke, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesitofu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezilandelayo:

• Irediyetha yesitovu evalekile noma eyonakele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imfucumfucu ivala amaseli wesishintshi sokushisa futhi izoshisa kabi umoya odlula kuwo. Futhi, ngenxa yediphozithi yokugqwala noma isikali, ukuvala ngaphakathi kwe-radiator kungenzeka, okuholela ekwephuleni kokujikeleza kokupholisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza isikhathi eside noma ukulimala komshini kungaphazamisa ubuqotho bezindlu ze-radiator. Izovele iqale ukugeleza futhi iyeke ngokuphelele ukwenza imisebenzi yayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ivaleka, qiniseka ukuthi uyayihlanza le nto noma ubuyisele ingxenye eyonakele.
• Ukuhluleka kwabalandeli. Ifeni yesitofu ifutha phezu kwerediyetha lapho i-antifreeze eshisayo idlula kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza komoya oshisiswe ku-antifreeze kungena endaweni yabagibeli ngomgudu womoya. Ngakho-ke, ifeni engalungile izobangela ukungabi khona komoya oshisayo nokushisa kwangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ngokuwohloka okunjalo, isitofu sisakwazi ukukhipha umoya oshisayo, ngoba indima yomlandeli ngandlela-thile ingenziwa ngokugeleza komoya ovela ngaphandle. Yiqiniso, uma imoto imisiwe, isitofu sizoyeka ngokushesha ukukhipha ukushisa.
• Isihlungi somoya esivalekile. Lapho umfudlana womoya oshisayo undiza ungene ku-cabin, isihlungi se-cabin sima endleleni yaso, esenza umsebenzi wokuhlanza umoya ezintweni ezingcolile zangaphandle. Isihlungi esivalekile siqala ukudlulisa umoya kabi, futhi isitofu sizoshisa kabi.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kweshutha. I-heater air duct ifakwe i-damper, ongalungisa ngayo inani lomoya oshisayo ogeleza endaweni yabagibeli. Okusho ukuthi, lapho i-hatch ivuleka kakhulu, ukushisa okwengeziwe kungena ekamelweni, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Leli khethini lixhunywe ngekhebula esibanjeni noma kukhiye wokulawula isitofu. Futhi, ikhethini lingasebenza nge-servo. Ukwehliswa kwekhebula noma ukuphuka kwe-servo drive kuzokwenza kungenzeki ukulawula ikhethini ngokujwayelekile futhi usethe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kukhabethe.

Lapha sihlole izizathu ezibalulekile ezenza isitofu semoto singashisi. Ziningi nezinye izici ezithinta ukusebenza kwe-heater. Into esemqoka ukuxilonga njalo ama-node wesistimu yokushisa nokupholisa. Khona-ke ukusebenza kabi kwesitofu kuzohlotshaniswa nanoma iyiphi inkinga eyodwa exazululwe kalula. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele kwalezi zinhlelo zemoto, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzothola uhla lwezinkinga ezizodinga izindleko ezinkulu zezezimali.

Isitofu asishisi, yini okufanele siyenze ngezizathu eziyinhloko. Cishe inkimbinkimbi